{"id":11156,"date":"2020-07-26T03:23:41","date_gmt":"2020-07-25T23:23:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=11156"},"modified":"2020-07-26T11:10:30","modified_gmt":"2020-07-26T07:10:30","slug":"bugunku-probleml%c9%99rin-tarixi-kokl%c9%99ri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=11156","title":{"rendered":"BUG\u00dcNK\u00dc PROBLEML\u018fR\u0130N TAR\u0130X\u0130 K\u00d6KL\u018fR\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Bel\u0259 bir iddia m\u00f6vcuddur ki, \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 t\u00fcrk xalqlar\u0131n\u0131n bug\u00fcnk\u00fc probleml\u0259rinin \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti \u018fmir Teymurla \u0130ld\u0131r\u0131m B\u0259yazid, A\u011fqoyunlu il\u0259 Osmanl\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 il\u0259 S\u0259f\u0259vi il\u0259 aras\u0131ndak\u0131 qar\u015f\u0131durmalardan qaynaqlan\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu fikir s\u0131ravi az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131n\u0131n \u015f\u00fcuruna \u00e7oxdand\u0131r ki, hakim k\u0259silmi\u015fdir. G\u0259lin s\u00f6z\u00fcged\u0259n m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259y\u0259 bir q\u0259d\u0259r geni\u015f aspektd\u0259n n\u0259z\u0259r salaq v\u0259 \u0259sl h\u0259qiq\u0259ti m\u00fcqayis\u0259 yolu il\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n etm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015faq:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

— 8 milyon insan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olmu\u015f Otuzillik m\u00fcharib\u0259 (1618\u20131648) Avropa v\u0259 \u00fcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259 b\u0259\u015f\u0259r tarixinin \u0259n qanl\u0131 s\u0259hif\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n biridir;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

— Y\u00fczillik m\u00fcharib\u0259 d\u0259 (1337\u20131453) Avropada ba\u015f vermi\u015f, 1076-c\u0131 ild\u0259n 1815-ci il\u0259d\u0259k \u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259 il\u0259 Fransa aras\u0131nda 37 m\u00fcharib\u0259 (\u00fcmumilikd\u0259 276 il) olmu\u015fdur;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

— \u0130spaniya il\u0259 \u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259 \u0259srl\u0259r boyu (1585\u20131604; 1625\u20131630; 1654\u20131660; 1701\u20131714; 1718\u20131720; 1739\u20131748; 1761\u20131763; 1779\u20131783; 1796\u20131808) bir-birl\u0259rin\u0259 qan uddurmu\u015flar;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

— Avropan\u0131n 16 d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin i\u015ftirak etdiyi Napoleon m\u00fcharib\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 (1800\u20131815) \u0259n az\u0131 3.500.000 avropal\u0131 h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131 itirmi\u015fdir;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

— AB\u015e-da v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f m\u00fcharib\u0259sind\u0259 (1861 \u2013 1865) 1.000.000-a yax\u0131n insan h\u0259lak olmu\u015fdur;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

— Prussiya\u2013Fransa m\u00fcharib\u0259si (1870\u20131871) 430.000-d\u0259n \u00e7ox insan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc il\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259nmi\u015fdir.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu m\u00fcharib\u0259l\u0259rin \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti co\u011frafi-siyasi \u015f\u0259raitin dikt\u0259si il\u0259 ba\u015f vers\u0259 d\u0259, onlara dini don geyindirilm\u0259si, xristianl\u0131\u011f\u0131n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif t\u0259riq\u0259tl\u0259ri aras\u0131ndak\u0131 ziddiyy\u0259tl\u0259r qanl\u0131 q\u0131r\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131n miqyas\u0131n\u0131 daha da art\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Yeri g\u0259lmi\u015fk\u0259n, 1572-ci il avqustun 23-d\u0259 Fransa tarixinin \u0259n r\u00fcsvay\u00e7\u0131 hadis\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n biri ba\u015f vermi\u015f, M\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s Varfolomey g\u00fcn\u00fcnd\u0259 katolikl\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u0259xmin\u0259n 30.000 protestant v\u0259h\u015fic\u0259sin\u0259 q\u0259tl\u0259 yetirilmi\u015fdir. «Varfolomey gec\u0259si» ifad\u0259si bug\u00fcn d\u0259 dini d\u00f6z\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fckd\u0259n ir\u0259li g\u0259l\u0259n insan q\u0259ddarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, r\u0259hmsizliyini simvoliz\u0259 edir… Xristian m\u0259zh\u0259bl\u0259rinin ard\u0131c\u0131llar\u0131 u\u015faq, qad\u0131n, qoca dem\u0259d\u0259n bir-birl\u0259rini v\u0259 yadlar\u0131na d\u00fc\u015f\u0259nd\u0259 h\u0259m d\u0259 y\u0259hudil\u0259ri \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcrd\u00fcl\u0259r. Amma onu da qeyd ed\u0259k ki, inancl\u0131 xristianlar\u0131n \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti qatil v\u0259 zorak\u0131 deyildi. Amans\u0131z olan zaman v\u0259 m\u00fchit idi. Lakin, s\u00f6zs\u00fcz ki, zaman\u0131 da, m\u00fchiti d\u0259 amans\u0131z ed\u0259n insan, onun siyasi v\u0259 iqtisadi maraqlar\u0131, ambisiyalar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ha\u015fiy\u0259: \u018fdal\u0259t namin\u0259 vur\u011fulamaq laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, din p\u0259rd\u0259sind\u0259n istifad\u0259 edilm\u0259d\u0259n ba\u015flad\u0131lm\u0131\u015f m\u00fcharib\u0259l\u0259r daha amans\u0131z v\u0259 da\u011f\u0131d\u0131c\u0131 olmu\u015fdur. Misal kimi, 20.000.000 insan\u0131n h\u0259lak oldu\u011fu I D\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259sini (1914\u20131918) v\u0259 70.000.000 insan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olmu\u015f II D\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259sini (1939\u20131945) g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259 bil\u0259rik. Yaxud, ispan inkivizisiyas\u0131n\u0131n f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 1481-ci ild\u0259n 1498-ci il\u0259d\u0259k \u0259n az\u0131 2.000, \u0259n \u00e7oxu 8.800 n\u0259f\u0259r \u00f6l\u00fcm c\u0259zas\u0131na m\u0259hkum edildiyi halda, r\u0259smi ideologiyas\u0131 ateizm olan SSR\u0130-d\u0259, t\u0259kc\u0259 1937\u20131938-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 siyasi ittihamlar \u0259sas\u0131nda 681.692 insan g\u00fcll\u0259l\u0259nmi\u015fdir. 1974-c\u00fc ild\u0259n 1979-cu il\u0259d\u0259k Kamboca kommunistl\u0259ri 3.000.000 kambocal\u0131n\u0131 q\u0259tl\u0259 yetirmi\u015fl\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bel\u0259likl\u0259, b\u00fct\u00fcn bu m\u00fcharib\u0259l\u0259r\u0259, d\u0259h\u015f\u0259tli q\u0131r\u011f\u0131nlara, qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 nifr\u0259t\u0259 baxmayaraq Q\u0259rb inki\u015faf ed\u0259 bildi. Dem\u0259li, \u015e\u0259rqin gerid\u0259 qalmas\u0131n\u0131n, Q\u0259rbin is\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259qqisinin s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259ri ba\u015fqad\u0131r. Onlardan b\u0259zil\u0259rini sadalayaq:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

— s\u0259rt iqlimin (XIV\u2013XIX \u0259srl\u0259ri \u0259hat\u0259 etmi\u015f ki\u00e7ik buzlaq d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fcn) v\u0259 arams\u0131z m\u00fcharib\u0259l\u0259rin do\u011furdu\u011fu ictimai-siyasi v\u0259 sosial-iqtisadi probleml\u0259rin m\u0259ng\u0259n\u0259sind\u0259n xilas olmaq ist\u0259y\u0259n q\u0259rblil\u0259rin \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f yolu axtarma\u011fa ba\u015flamalar\u0131;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

— Amerikan\u0131n k\u0259\u015ffi (1492), oradan \u00e7oxlu q\u0131z\u0131l\u0131n v\u0259 g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irilib Avropaya da\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131… Qeyd etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, h\u0259min q\u0131z\u0131l\u0131n v\u0259 g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn b\u00f6y\u00fck hiss\u0259sin\u0259 \u0130spaniya yiy\u0259l\u0259ns\u0259 d\u0259, bu \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 h\u00f6km s\u00fcr\u0259n dini fanatizm, s\u0259rt kral v\u0259 kils\u0259 hakimiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri, g\u00fccl\u00fc feodal \u00fcsul-idar\u0259si \u0259ld\u0259 edilmi\u015f s\u0259rv\u0259td\u0259n s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259li istifad\u0259 etm\u0259y\u0259 imkan verm\u0259di. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 xeyri \u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6rd\u00fc v\u0259 son u\u011furu da o qazand\u0131;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

— XVII \u0259srd\u0259n etibar\u0259n s\u0259nayenin inki\u015faf\u0131, \u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259d\u0259 burjua inqilab\u0131 (1642\u20131651), AB\u015e \u0130stiqlal m\u00fcharib\u0259si (1775\u20131783), B\u00f6y\u00fck Fransa inqilab\u0131 (1789\u20131799), kapitalizmin t\u0259\u015f\u0259kk\u00fcl tapma\u011fa ba\u015flamas\u0131;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

— XVIII\u2013XIX \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 q\u0259rblil\u0259rin m\u0259qs\u0259dy\u00f6nl\u00fc \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 feodalizm qurulu\u015fundan v\u0259 quldarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n qal\u0131qlar\u0131ndan yaxa qurtarmalar\u0131 v\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 daha \u00e7ox insan\u0131n bacar\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan v\u0259 istedad\u0131ndan istifad\u0259 imkanlar\u0131n\u0131n yaranmas\u0131;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

— \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259 buxar (XIX \u0259sr), sonra is\u0259 daxili yanma m\u00fch\u0259rrikl\u0259rinin (XX \u0259sr) geni\u015f t\u0259tbiqi, elmin v\u0259 texnikan\u0131n t\u0259r\u0259qqisi;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

— \u0130slam Pey\u011f\u0259mb\u0259rinin VII \u0259srd\u0259 insanlara a\u015f\u0131lama\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131 demokratik d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259rin XIX\u2013XX \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 Avropa c\u0259miyy\u0259tinin h\u0259yat\u0131nda geni\u015f k\u00f6k salmas\u0131;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

— 1948-ci il aprelin 4-d\u0259 Amerika Birl\u0259\u015fmi\u015f \u015etatlar\u0131n\u0131n \u201cMar\u015fall plan\u0131\u201dn\u0131 i\u015f\u0259 salaraq II D\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259sinin viran qoydu\u011fu Q\u0259rbi Avropa \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 yard\u0131m g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flamas\u0131;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

— 1948-ci il dekabr\u0131n 10-da Birl\u0259\u015fmi\u015f Mill\u0259tl\u0259r T\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n Ba\u015f M\u0259clisi t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n \u201c\u0130nsan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 haqq\u0131nda b\u0259yannam\u0259\u201dnin q\u0259bul edilm\u0259si.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259ni d\u0259 qeyd etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, XVI\u2013XVIII \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 S\u0259f\u0259vil\u0259rin hakimiyy\u0259ti alt\u0131nda olmu\u015f \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 insanlar\u0131n h\u0259yat s\u0259viyy\u0259si avropal\u0131lar\u0131n h\u0259yat s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259n d\u0259f\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259k idi. S\u0259f\u0259vil\u0259rin m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 sistemi Avropa \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rinin v\u0259 Rusiyan\u0131n m\u00fcvafiq qurumlar\u0131na nisb\u0259t\u0259n daha \u0259dal\u0259tli olmu\u015fdur. \u201c\u015eah Abbas c\u0259nn\u0259tm\u0259kan, t\u0259r\u0259ziy\u0259 vurdu t\u0259kan\u201d deyimi d\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, \u015eah I Abbas S\u0259f\u0259vi m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 sistemini yenid\u0259n qurmu\u015f v\u0259 onun \u0259dal\u0259tli f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259sin\u0259 ciddi fikir vermi\u015fdir. \u015e\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259 s\u0259n\u0259tkarl\u0131q v\u0259 ticar\u0259t inki\u015faf etmi\u015fdi. Hadis\u0259l\u0259r \u00f6z t\u0259bii axar\u0131 il\u0259 gets\u0259ydi, b\u0259lk\u0259, feodalizm sistemi d\u0259 t\u0259dric\u0259n l\u0259\u011fv olunacaqd\u0131. Yeri g\u0259lmi\u015fk\u0259n, S\u0259f\u0259vil\u0259rin son \u015fahlar\u0131 \u0259vv\u0259lki h\u00f6kmdarlar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u0259yin edilm\u0259mi\u015fdil\u0259r. Onlar\u0131n dem\u0259k olar ki, ham\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 xac\u0259l\u0259r \u015furas\u0131 se\u00e7mi\u015fdi. Ola bilsin ki, m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n bir m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259d\u0259 ictimai m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rin demokratikl\u0259\u015fm\u0259si prosesi d\u0259 ba\u015flayacaqd\u0131. Amma tarix «el\u0259 olsayd\u0131, bel\u0259 olard\u0131» fikrini q\u0259bul etmir. \u018fvv\u0259lc\u0259 \u0259fqanlar\u0131n qiyam\u0131, ard\u0131nca Rusiyan\u0131n v\u0259 Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259cav\u00fcz\u00fc, sonda is\u0259 Nadir \u015fah \u018ff\u015far\u0131n, h\u0259min \u015f\u0259rait \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn lab\u00fcd olan diktaturas\u0131 bu z\u0259if perspektivi d\u0259 m\u0259hv etdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir s\u00f6zl\u0259, \u015e\u0259rqin probleml\u0259rinin k\u00f6k\u00fc \u018fmir Teymurla \u0130ld\u0131r\u0131m B\u0259yazid, A\u011fqoyunlu il\u0259 Osmanl\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 il\u0259 S\u0259f\u0259vi aras\u0131ndak\u0131 qar\u015f\u0131durmalarda deyil, erk\u0259n feodalizm d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u0259 xas olan prinsipl\u0259rd\u0259, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259 v\u0259 davran\u0131\u015f t\u0259rzind\u0259, bunlardan ir\u0259li g\u0259l\u0259n ictimai m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259dir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Araz \u015e\u018fHR\u0130L\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ara\u015fd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131, jurnalist<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bel\u0259 bir iddia m\u00f6vcuddur ki, \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 t\u00fcrk xalqlar\u0131n\u0131n bug\u00fcnk\u00fc probleml\u0259rinin \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti \u018fmir Teymurla \u0130ld\u0131r\u0131m B\u0259yazid, A\u011fqoyunlu il\u0259 Osmanl\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 il\u0259 S\u0259f\u0259vi il\u0259<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11156","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-arasdirma"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11156","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=11156"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11156\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11180,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11156\/revisions\/11180"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=11156"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=11156"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=11156"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}