{"id":11221,"date":"2020-07-27T01:57:37","date_gmt":"2020-07-26T21:57:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=11221"},"modified":"2020-07-27T01:57:44","modified_gmt":"2020-07-26T21:57:44","slug":"erm%c9%99ni-m%c9%99s%c9%99l%c9%99si-nec%c9%99-yarandi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=11221","title":{"rendered":"\u201cErm\u0259ni m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si\u201d nec\u0259 yarand\u0131?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

GADTB: Erm\u0259nil\u0259r \u015eimali Az\u0259rbaycan torpaqlar\u0131na x\u00fcsusi m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259, y\u0259ni onlara daimi v\u0259t\u0259n yaratmaq niyy\u0259ti il\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bu \u00e7irkin siyas\u0259tin h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259sind\u0259 Rusiya ordusunda xidm\u0259t ed\u0259n erm\u0259ni zabitl\u0259ri f\u0259al i\u015ftirak edirdil\u0259r. Erm\u0259ni generallar\u0131 \u00f6z m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259rini a\u00e7\u0131q b\u0259yan etm\u0259kd\u0259n \u00e7\u0259kinmirdil\u0259r.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/strong>Bu qanl\u0131 siyas\u0259tin tezlikl\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259sin\u0259 \u015f\u0259xs\u0259n r\u0259hb\u0259rlik ed\u0259n rus polkovniki Lazaryan (Lazarev) \u0130randan \u015eimali Az\u0259rbaycana k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcl\u0259n erm\u0259nil\u0259r\u0259 m\u00fcraci\u0259tl\u0259 deyirdi: \u201c\u2026 Orada (y\u0259ni \u015eimali Az\u0259rbaycanda) siz yeni v\u0259t\u0259n \u0259ld\u0259 ed\u0259c\u0259ksiniz\u2026\u201d. Daim k\u00f6\u00e7\u0259ri h\u0259yat s\u00fcrm\u0259y\u0259 ad\u0259t etmi\u015f erm\u0259nil\u0259r\u0259 t\u0259lqin edilirdi ki, \u201c\u0130ran \u00e7\u00f6r\u0259yi yem\u0259kd\u0259ns\u0259 rus otu yem\u0259k daha yax\u015f\u0131d\u0131r\u201d (bax: \u0130r\u0259van xanl\u0131\u011f\u0131. Elmi redaktor AMEA-n\u0131n m\u00fcxbir \u00fczv\u00fc, prof. Y.Mahmudov. B., 2010, s\u0259h. 23- 24).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tarixin amans\u0131z z\u0259rb\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 m\u0259ruz qalm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 yadelli i\u015f\u011fal\u00e7\u0131lara qar\u015f\u0131 m\u0259rdi-m\u0259rdan\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 aparm\u0131\u015f do\u011fma Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na min bir f\u0259lak\u0259t g\u0259tirilmi\u015f, faci\u0259li hadis\u0259l\u0259r t\u00f6r\u0259dilmi\u015fdir. Qanl\u0131 v\u0259 faci\u0259li tariximizin \u0259n a\u011fr\u0131l\u0131 d\u00f6vr\u00fc m\u0259hz XIX y\u00fczilliyin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rin\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Tarixi \u0259dal\u0259tsizlik n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan torpaqlar\u0131n\u0131n iki yer\u0259 par\u00e7alanmas\u0131n\u0131 realla\u015fd\u0131ran G\u00fcl\u00fcstan v\u0259 T\u00fcrkm\u0259n\u00e7ay m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259ri son n\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck faci\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b oldu. Bir t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u00e7ilik t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259sin\u0259 malik olan Az\u0259rbaycan d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin m\u00fcst\u0259qilliyi \u0259lind\u0259n al\u0131nd\u0131, dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n T\u00fcrkm\u0259n\u00e7ay m\u00fcqavil\u0259sinin 15-ci madd\u0259sin\u0259 uy\u011fun olaraq xaricd\u0259 ya\u015fayan erm\u0259nil\u0259rin Qafqaza, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan torpaqlar\u0131na k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259si i\u015fin\u0259 ba\u015flan\u0131ld\u0131. 1828-1830-cu ill\u0259rd\u0259 \u0130randan 40 min, T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259n is\u0259 84 mind\u0259n \u00e7ox erm\u0259ni Zaqafqaziyaya k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. K\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcl\u0259n erm\u0259nil\u0259r is\u0259 yerli az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131 \u0259halini getdikc\u0259 s\u0131x\u0131\u015fd\u0131rma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Erm\u0259nil\u0259rin k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259si i\u015fi v\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan torpaqlar\u0131nda yerl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si fasil\u0259siz davam etdirilirdi. Rusiya imperatoru I Nikolay (1825-1855) erm\u0259nil\u0259rin k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259sin\u0259 n\u0259inki \u015f\u0259rait yaratd\u0131, h\u0259m d\u0259 onlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u201cerm\u0259ni vilay\u0259ti\u201d t\u0259\u015fkil etdi. Bu, tarix boyu erm\u0259ni siyas\u0259t\u00e7il\u0259rinin \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck arzusu idi. I Nikolay 1828-ci il mart\u0131n 21-d\u0259 \u201cErm\u0259ni vilay\u0259ti\u201dnin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 haqq\u0131nda f\u0259rman verdi. H\u0259min f\u0259rmana g\u00f6r\u0259 \u0130r\u0259van v\u0259 Nax\u00e7\u0131van xanl\u0131qlar\u0131 l\u0259\u011fv edildi, q\u0259dimd\u0259n Az\u0259rbaycan torpaqlar\u0131 olan \u0130r\u0259van v\u0259 Nax\u00e7\u0131van xanl\u0131qlar\u0131 v\u0259 Ordubad dair\u0259si hesab\u0131na \u201cErm\u0259ni vilay\u0259ti\u201d yarad\u0131ld\u0131. \u00dcmummilli lider Heyd\u0259r \u018fliyevin imzalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Prezident f\u0259rman\u0131nda deyildiyi kimi, erm\u0259nil\u0259r \u00f6z havadarlar\u0131n\u0131n himay\u0259si alt\u0131nda \u201cerm\u0259ni vilay\u0259ti\u201d adland\u0131r\u0131lan inzibati b\u00f6lg\u00fcn\u00fcn yarad\u0131lmas\u0131na nail oldular ki, bel\u0259 s\u00fcni \u0259razi b\u00f6lg\u00fcs\u00fc il\u0259, \u0259slind\u0259 az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6z torpaqlar\u0131ndan qovulmas\u0131 v\u0259 m\u0259hv edilm\u0259si siyas\u0259tinin b\u00fcn\u00f6vr\u0259si qoyuldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erm\u0259nil\u0259r\u0259 bel\u0259 himay\u0259darl\u0131q ed\u0259n \u00e7arizm onlardan bir \u0259lveri\u015fli vasit\u0259 v\u0259 dayaq n\u00f6qt\u0259si kimi istifad\u0259 etm\u0259y\u0259, n\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 Qafqaz\u0131n s\u0259rv\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 sahib olma\u011fa v\u0259 erm\u0259nil\u0259rin \u0259li il\u0259 \u015e\u0259rq\u0259 do\u011fru ekspansiya siyas\u0259tini geni\u015fl\u0259ndirm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. \u00d6z\u00fcn\u00fcn co\u011frafi-strateji \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan o zaman Rusiya imperiyas\u0131n\u0131n xarici siyas\u0259t diplomatiyas\u0131nda \u0259sas yer tuturdu. XIX \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 Rusiyan\u0131n xarici siyas\u0259t x\u0259ttinin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131nda v\u0259 formala\u015fmas\u0131nda qat\u0131 \u015fovinist olan I Pyotrun \u201c\u00fc\u00e7 istiqam\u0259t plan\u0131\u201d \u0259sas g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc v\u0259 bu t\u0259cav\u00fczkar plana g\u00f6r\u0259 Rusiyan\u0131n \u015e\u0259rq siyas\u0259tind\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan torpaqlar\u0131n\u0131 zor g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u0259 i\u015f\u011fal etm\u0259k v\u0259 bu zaman erm\u0259nil\u0259rd\u0259n bir vasit\u0259 kimi istifad\u0259 etm\u0259k n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulurdu. Bel\u0259 bir zamanda \u015e\u0259rqin m\u0259zlum xalqlar\u0131n\u0131 \u0259sar\u0259t alt\u0131na almaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn meydan sulayan Avropan\u0131n m\u00fcst\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259\u00e7i d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri \u201cpar\u00e7ala v\u0259 h\u00f6kmranl\u0131q et\u201d taktikas\u0131ndan geni\u015f istifad\u0259 edirdil\u0259r. \u018fslind\u0259 \u015e\u0259rq siyas\u0259ti deyil\u0259n bu siyas\u0259tin banisi say\u0131lan Rusiya imperatoru I Pyotr imperiya d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k i\u015f\u011fal\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q planlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sas proqram\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7 istiqam\u0259t adland\u0131r\u0131lan \u015e\u0259rq siyas\u0259tinin ba\u015fl\u0131ca m\u0259zmunu t\u0259xmin\u0259n bel\u0259 idi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Azov \u2013 Qara d\u0259niz, Bosfor v\u0259 Dardanel bo\u011fazlar\u0131ndan ke\u00e7ib Aral\u0131q d\u0259nizin\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xmaq;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Az\u0259rbaycan \u2013 \u0130ran-Fars k\u00f6rf\u0259zi yolu il\u0259 Hind okean\u0131na (I Pyotrun dili il\u0259 \u0130sti okeana) yol a\u00e7maq;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Orta Asiyan\u0131 i\u015f\u011fal ed\u0259nd\u0259n sonra \u018ffqan\u0131standan ke\u00e7ib Hindistana soxulmaq (bax: M.Muradov. \u00c7ar Rusiyas\u0131n\u0131n Az\u0259rbaycanda i\u015f\u011fal\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q v\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcrm\u0259 siyas\u0259ti. B., 1999, s\u0259h.12).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I Pyotrun xarici siyas\u0259t diplomatiyas\u0131nda Qafqaz\u0131, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131 i\u015f\u011fal etm\u0259k, buran\u0131n s\u0259rv\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 yiy\u0259l\u0259nm\u0259k \u00f6n planda idi. I Pyotr Bak\u0131 nefti il\u0259 ciddi maraqlan\u0131r v\u0259 buran\u0131 \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. I Pyotrun i\u015f\u011fal\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q planlar\u0131n\u0131n realla\u015fmas\u0131nda yerli erm\u0259nil\u0259r satq\u0131nl\u0131q ed\u0259r\u0259k, rus qo\u015funlar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif yollarla ir\u0259lil\u0259m\u0259sin\u0259 b\u0259l\u0259d\u00e7ilik edirdil\u0259r. I Pyotr Bak\u0131n\u0131 i\u015f\u011fal ed\u0259n general Matyu\u015fkin\u0259 \u201cBak\u0131dan a\u011f neft g\u00f6nd\u0259rm\u0259k\u201d s\u0259r\u0259ncam\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015fdi. I Pyotr i\u015f\u011fal edilmi\u015f Az\u0259rbaycan torpaqlar\u0131nda xristiranla\u015fd\u0131rma siyas\u0259ti apar\u0131rd\u0131. Matyu\u015fkin\u0259 yaz\u0131rd\u0131: \u201cGilanda v\u0259 Mazandaranda olan erm\u0259nil\u0259ri v\u0259 ba\u015fqa xristianlar\u0131 orada yerl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u201d. (Bax: bax: M.Muradov. \u00c7ar Rusiyas\u0131n\u0131n Az\u0259rbaycanda i\u015f\u011fal\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q v\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcrm\u0259 siyas\u0259ti. B., 1999, s\u0259h.11).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qeyd etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, XVIII y\u00fczilliyin sonu \u2013 XIX y\u00fczilliyin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 \u015e\u0259rq siyas\u0259ti ist\u0259r Rusiya imperiyas\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 ist\u0259rs\u0259 d\u0259 Avropa d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rinin xarici siyas\u0259t proqram\u0131nda m\u0259rk\u0259zi yerd\u0259 dayan\u0131rd\u0131. Bu strategiyan\u0131 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Avropan\u0131n iri d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri \u00f6z aralar\u0131nda ciddi siyasi gedi\u015fl\u0259r edir, h\u0259rb v\u0259 ya s\u00fclh dan\u0131\u015f\u0131qlar\u0131ndan istifad\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fcy\u00fc \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u015e\u0259rq m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si\u201dnin \u0259n d\u0259h\u015f\u0259tli qolu \u2013 \u201cerm\u0259ni m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si\u201d adlanan m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 tarix s\u0259hn\u0259sind\u0259 aras\u0131k\u0259silm\u0259z faci\u0259l\u0259r m\u0259nb\u0259yin\u0259 \u00e7evildi. Tarixi hadis\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 b\u0259l\u0259d olan h\u0259r k\u0259s\u0259 yax\u015f\u0131 m\u0259lumdur ki, bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 Osmanl\u0131 imperiyas\u0131n\u0131 z\u0259ifl\u0259tm\u0259k v\u0259 son n\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 \u015e\u0259rqin siyasi x\u0259rit\u0259sinin d\u00fcnyan\u0131n iri d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rinin m\u0259nafeyin\u0259 uy\u011fun \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 formala\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259min etm\u0259k m\u0259qs\u0259di il\u0259 yeridil\u0259n siyas\u0259tin m\u00fch\u00fcm t\u0259rkib hiss\u0259sidir. Erm\u0259ni xalq\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6z m\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259rat\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fc t\u0259yin etm\u0259si p\u0259rd\u0259si alt\u0131nda d\u00fcnya siyas\u0259tin\u0259 daxil olan bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 \u0259slind\u0259 xarici kapital il\u0259 s\u0131x ba\u011fl\u0131 olan erm\u0259ni mill\u0259t\u00e7il\u0259rinin m\u0259nafeyin\u0259 uy\u011fun olaraq T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 v\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan torpaqlar\u0131 hesab\u0131na \u201cd\u0259nizd\u0259n d\u0259niz\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck Erm\u0259nistan\u201d imperiyas\u0131 yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 haqq\u0131nda tarixd\u0259 ox\u015far\u0131 olmayan avant\u00fcrist, hiyl\u0259g\u0259r v\u0259 m\u0259krli bir siyas\u0259tdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cErm\u0259ni m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si\u201d Rusiya v\u0259 \u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n ortaya at\u0131lan bir m\u0259krli siyas\u0259tdir ki, onu b\u0259han\u0259 edib orta \u0259srl\u0259rin q\u00fcdr\u0259tli d\u00f6vl\u0259ti olan Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259tini z\u0259ifl\u0259tsinl\u0259r, torpaqlar\u0131n\u0131 \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irsinl\u0259r. V.F.Mayevskinin t\u0259birinc\u0259 des\u0259k, erm\u0259nil\u0259r \u201c\u2026 h\u0259r halda ba\u015fqa d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin T\u00fcrkiy\u0259nin i\u015fl\u0259rin\u0259 qar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn b\u0259han\u0259 olsun dey\u0259 a\u011flas\u0131\u011fmaz, t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcr\u0259g\u0259lm\u0259z anarxiya yaratmaqdan \u00f6tr\u00fc \u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259n g\u0259l\u0259n h\u0259r \u015feyri etmi\u015fl\u0259r\u2026\u201d (Bax: Rusiyan\u0131n Van v\u0259 \u018frzurumdak\u0131 Ba\u015f konsulu Mayevskinin xatir\u0259l\u0259ri. B., 1994, s\u0259h.39).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015e\u0259rq tarixini bil\u0259n h\u0259r k\u0259s\u0259 yax\u015f\u0131 m\u0259lumdur ki, XIX y\u00fczilliyin ortalar\u0131nda ba\u015f ver\u0259n Kr\u0131m m\u00fcharib\u0259sind\u0259 Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin tarixi q\u0259l\u0259b\u0259si h\u0259m \u015e\u0259rqd\u0259 v\u0259 h\u0259m d\u0259 Avropada q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259r nisb\u0259tini T\u00fcrkiy\u0259nin xeyrin\u0259 xeyli d\u0259yi\u015fdi v\u0259 Vyana konqresind\u0259n sonra d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r aras\u0131nda yaranm\u0131\u015f balansa ciddi t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rdi. Bu nisb\u0259t Rusiyan\u0131n xarici siyas\u0259t n\u00fcfuzuna a\u011f\u0131r z\u0259rb\u0259 vurdu v\u0259 h\u0259rbi q\u00fcdr\u0259tini xeyli z\u0259ifl\u0259tdi. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 Rusiyan\u0131n beyn\u0259lxalq n\u00fcfuzu a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc, Avropada rolu z\u0259ifl\u0259di, Qara d\u0259niz v\u0259 bo\u011fazlar m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sind\u0259 yax\u0131na burax\u0131lmad\u0131. Bundan ba\u015fqa Kr\u0131m m\u00fcharib\u0259sind\u0259 ac\u0131 m\u0259\u011flubiyy\u0259t dadan Rusiya Balkanlarda \u00fcst\u00fcn h\u00fcquqlardan m\u0259rhum edildi. Rusiyan\u0131n yeni hakim dair\u0259l\u0259ri bu v\u0259ziyy\u0259tl\u0259 bar\u0131\u015fmaq ist\u0259mir v\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259sinin t\u0259kl\u0259nm\u0259si v\u0259ziyy\u0259tind\u0259n \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f yollar\u0131 axtar\u0131rd\u0131lar. Bunun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yeni xarici siyas\u0259t proqram\u0131 haz\u0131rland\u0131 v\u0259 bu strategiyan\u0131 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Avropa d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri il\u0259 v\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 il\u0259 intensiv dan\u0131\u015f\u0131qlar, beyn\u0259lxalq g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u0259r v\u0259 konfranslar aparma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131lar. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 XIX y\u00fczilliyin 60-70-ci ill\u0259rind\u0259 h\u0259m Rusiya d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin v\u0259 h\u0259m d\u0259 Avropa d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rinin mara\u011f\u0131nda olan \u015e\u0259rq b\u00f6hran\u0131 yarand\u0131, getdikc\u0259 m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259bl\u0259\u015fdi v\u0259 Qordi d\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fcn\u0259 \u00e7evrildi. Avropa \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259ri is\u0259 \u015e\u0259rq m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sind\u0259 v\u0259 \u015e\u0259rq b\u00f6hran\u0131nda daha \u00e7ox Rusiyan\u0131 q\u0131z\u0131\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r v\u0259 onu daha ciddi t\u0259dbirl\u0259r h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irm\u0259y\u0259 t\u0259hrik edirdil\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bel\u0259likl\u0259, m\u00fcharib\u0259y\u0259 ciddi haz\u0131rla\u015fan Rusiya 1877-ci il aprelin 12-d\u0259 (24-d\u0259) T\u00fcrkiy\u0259y\u0259 m\u00fcharib\u0259 elan etdi. Bu m\u00fcharib\u0259 1878-ci il fevral\u0131n 19-da (mart\u0131n 3-d\u0259) San-Stefano s\u00fclh m\u00fcqavil\u0259si il\u0259 ba\u015fa \u00e7atd\u0131. San-Stefano m\u00fcqavil\u0259sinin \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259ri il\u0259 raz\u0131la\u015fmayan Avropa d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri yenid\u0259n bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259ni m\u00fczakir\u0259 etdi v\u0259 \u00f6zl\u0259rinin xeyrin\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fdirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Berlin konqresin\u0259 topla\u015fd\u0131lar. Bismark\u0131n s\u0259drliyi il\u0259 ke\u00e7iril\u0259n bu konqres 1878-ci il iyunun 1-d\u0259n iyulun 1-d\u0259k \u00e7\u0259kdi. San-Stefano m\u00fcqavil\u0259sinin 16-c\u0131 madd\u0259sind\u0259 deyilirdi: \u201cT\u00fcrkiy\u0259 erm\u0259nil\u0259r ya\u015fayan vilay\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 tezlikl\u0259 h\u0259yat \u015f\u0259raitini yax\u015f\u0131la\u015fd\u0131rmaq v\u0259 yerli \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t\u0259 malik islahatlar\u0131 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irm\u0259k \u00f6hd\u0259liyini g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr v\u0259 erm\u0259nil\u0259rin t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyini k\u00fcrd v\u0259 \u00e7\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259rd\u0259n qoruyaca\u011f\u0131na z\u0259man\u0259t verir\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

San-Stefano s\u00fclh m\u00fcqavil\u0259sinin bu 16-c\u0131 madd\u0259si az sonra Berlin konqresinin 61-ci madd\u0259si il\u0259 yenid\u0259n formala\u015fd\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131 v\u0259 \u201cerm\u0259ni m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si\u201dnin h\u0259llind\u0259 erm\u0259nil\u0259ri tam raz\u0131 sala bil\u0259c\u0259k s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259 yekunla\u015fd\u0131. 61-ci madd\u0259d\u0259 deyilirdi: \u201cSultan h\u00f6kum\u0259ti erm\u0259nil\u0259rin ya\u015fad\u0131qlar\u0131 vilay\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 yerli ehtiyaclar\u0131n z\u0259ruri etdiyi islahatlar\u0131 gecikdirm\u0259d\u0259n h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irm\u0259yi v\u0259 onlar\u0131n asayi\u015fini, t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyini k\u00fcrdl\u0259rl\u0259 \u00e7\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259rd\u0259n qoruma\u011f\u0131 \u00f6hd\u0259sin\u0259 g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr. Bu sah\u0259d\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u0259c\u0259k t\u0259dbirl\u0259r b\u00f6y\u00fck d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 bildiril\u0259c\u0259kdir. V\u0259 onlar da t\u0259dbirl\u0259rin h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259sin\u0259 n\u0259zar\u0259t ed\u0259c\u0259kl\u0259r\u201d. (bax: \u0130.Musayev. B\u00f6y\u00fck d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r v\u0259 \u201cerm\u0259ni m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si\u201d, B. 2003, s\u0259h.111). Bel\u0259likl\u0259, beyn\u0259lxalq m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rin diqq\u0259tind\u0259 olan \u201cerm\u0259ni m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si\u201d n\u0259inki erm\u0259nil\u0259ri raz\u0131 sald\u0131, eyni zamanda Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin daxili i\u015fl\u0259rin\u0259 qar\u0131\u015fmaq v\u0259 ona n\u0259zar\u0259t etm\u0259k mexanizminin rolunu a\u00e7\u0131q \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck Avropa d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rinin ixtiyar\u0131na verdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bel\u0259likl\u0259, erm\u0259nil\u0259r ilk d\u0259f\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq s\u0259n\u0259dd\u0259 bel\u0259 xat\u0131rlan\u0131rlar\u2026 M\u0259lum oldu\u011fu kimi, Berlin konqresi San-Stefano m\u00fcqavil\u0259sinin h\u0259min 16-c\u0131 madd\u0259sini l\u0259\u011fv etdi, \u00e7\u00fcnki konqres i\u015ftirak\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olan b\u00f6y\u00fck d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r b\u0259yan etdil\u0259r ki, Anadolunun he\u00e7 bir hiss\u0259sind\u0259 erm\u0259ni \u0259halisi \u00e7oxluq t\u0259\u015fkil etm\u0259diyind\u0259n erm\u0259ni xalq\u0131n\u0131n muxtariyy\u0259ti haqq\u0131nda s\u00f6hb\u0259t bel\u0259 ged\u0259 bilm\u0259z. T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 erm\u0259nil\u0259rinin ke\u00e7mi\u015f patriarx\u0131 Xrimyan\u0131n ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q etdiyi n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259 hey\u0259ti v\u0259t\u0259n\u0259 dem\u0259k olar ki, \u0259libo\u015f qay\u0131td\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bel\u0259likl\u0259, \u201cerm\u0259ni m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si\u201d XIX-XX y\u00fczillikl\u0259r boyu b\u00f6y\u00fck d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin \u0259lind\u0259 bir vasit\u0259 olmu\u015f v\u0259 s\u00f6z\u00fcn \u0259sl m\u0259nas\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259sin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7evrilmi\u015fdir. T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 aliml\u0259ri haql\u0131 olaraq g\u00f6st\u0259rirl\u0259r ki, \u201cerm\u0259ni m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si\u201d \u0259slind\u0259 erm\u0259nil\u0259rin deyil, t\u00fcrk torpaqlar\u0131 \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 m\u0259nafel\u0259ri toqqu\u015fan b\u00f6y\u00fck d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin \u2013 \u00c7ar Rusiyas\u0131 il\u0259 \u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259nin m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si kimi siyasi h\u0259yata at\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Tarixi hadis\u0259l\u0259rin gedi\u015fi g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, b\u00fct\u00fcn XX \u0259sr boyu az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131lar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259sl tarixi f\u0259lak\u0259t\u0259 \u00e7evrilmi\u015f olan \u201cerm\u0259ni m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si\u201d, sonralar is\u0259 uydurma Qaraba\u011f problemi z\u0259ngin s\u0259rv\u0259t\u0259 malik olan Qafqazda \u00f6z n\u00fcfuzunu itirm\u0259k ist\u0259m\u0259y\u0259n Rusiya imperiyas\u0131nda siyasi hadis\u0259l\u0259rin gedi\u015fi il\u0259 bilavasit\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 olmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cErm\u0259ni m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si\u201d Rusiyan\u0131n xarici siyas\u0259tinin g\u00fcnd\u0259liyind\u0259 h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 olmu\u015fdur. \u0130mkan tapd\u0131qca bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259nin h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si, ya da ondan Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259tin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 istifad\u0259 etm\u0259yin yollar\u0131 ara\u015fd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. 1799-cu ild\u0259 Peterburqda \u201cerm\u0259ni m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si\u201d m\u00fczakir\u0259 edil\u0259r\u0259k \u201cisti d\u0259niz\u0259 do\u011fru\u201d siyas\u0259tini h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irm\u0259si vasit\u0259l\u0259rinin tap\u0131lmas\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131 (bax: H.Sad\u0131qov. Erm\u0259ni m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si. B., 2012, s\u0259h.162).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Avropa d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n \u015e\u0259rq m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sinin t\u0259rkib hiss\u0259si kimi yarad\u0131lan \u201cerm\u0259ni m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si\u201d onlar\u0131n \u0259lind\u0259 oyuncaq bir vasit\u0259y\u0259 v\u0259 getdikc\u0259 m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259bl\u0259\u015f\u0259n beyn\u0259lxalq bir problem\u0259 \u00e7evrilmi\u015fdir. V.Qurko-Kryajin B\u00f6y\u00fck Sovet Ensiklopediyas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cErm\u0259ni m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si\u201d m\u0259qal\u0259sind\u0259 erm\u0259ni m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sini \u015e\u0259rq m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sinin bir hiss\u0259si adland\u0131rmaqla, onun h\u0259m zahiri v\u0259 h\u0259m d\u0259 daxili mahiyy\u0259tini bel\u0259 f\u0259rql\u0259ndirir: Zahiri mahiyy\u0259t: b\u00f6y\u00fck d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r T\u00fcrkiy\u0259ni daha asanl\u0131qla istismar etm\u0259kd\u0259n \u00f6tr\u00fc onun m\u0259rk\u0259zd\u0259nqa\u00e7ma q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259rini g\u00fccl\u0259ndirm\u0259y\u0259, bel\u0259likl\u0259, \u00f6lk\u0259ni z\u0259ifl\u0259tm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar. Daxili mahiyy\u0259t: \u00f6z burjuaziyas\u0131n\u0131n r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi alt\u0131nda erm\u0259nil\u0259r milli m\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259rat\u0131n m\u00fcst\u0259qil t\u0259yin edilm\u0259si u\u011frunda m\u00fcbariz\u0259 apar\u0131rd\u0131lar ki, bu amill\u0259rin t\u0259siri alt\u0131nda burjuaziya s\u0259rb\u0259st inki\u015faf ed\u0259 bilsin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Q\u0259rbi Avropa \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259ri v\u0259 Rusiya xarici siyas\u0259t strategiyas\u0131nda \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fcy\u00fc \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irm\u0259k v\u0259 \u00f6zl\u0259rinin i\u015f\u011fal\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q planlar\u0131n\u0131 daha asanl\u0131qla realla\u015fd\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn XIX y\u00fczilliyin sonu \u2013 XX y\u00fczilliyin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 \u201cerm\u0259ni m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si\u201dnd\u0259n istifad\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k ona h\u0259m d\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck \u00fcmidl\u0259rl\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131rd\u0131lar. \u00d6z n\u00f6vb\u0259sind\u0259 Rusiya hakim dair\u0259l\u0259ri Balkanlarda v\u0259 \u015e\u0259rqd\u0259 m\u00f6hk\u0259ml\u0259nm\u0259k v\u0259 \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fcy\u00fc \u0259l\u0259 almaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bu avant\u00fcrist kartdan istifad\u0259 edir v\u0259 h\u0259tta T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 torpaqlar\u0131nda \u201cT\u00fcrkiy\u0259 Erm\u0259nistan\u0131\u201d yaratma\u011f\u0131 v\u0259d edirdil\u0259r. Bu v\u0259dd\u0259n h\u0259v\u0259s\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u0259n erm\u0259nil\u0259r T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 vilay\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259 qanl\u0131 aksiyalar h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Milli z\u0259mind\u0259 ba\u015f ver\u0259n bu d\u0259h\u015f\u0259tli q\u0131r\u011f\u0131nlarda on minl\u0259rl\u0259 t\u00fcrk \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Samsunda, \u0130stanbulda, Vanda dinc t\u00fcrkl\u0259r amans\u0131zcas\u0131na m\u0259hv edilm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015fland\u0131. Bu q\u0131r\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7ir\u0259n erm\u0259nil\u0259r s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 bu i\u015fi g\u00f6rd\u00fcl\u0259r ki, h\u0259min \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 t\u00fcrkl\u0259rin k\u00f6k\u00fc k\u0259silsin v\u0259 t\u00fcrks\u00fcz, T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 torpaqlar\u0131 hesab\u0131na \u201cErm\u0259ni d\u00f6vl\u0259ti\u201d yarats\u0131nlar. Erm\u0259nil\u0259r \u0259slind\u0259 t\u00fcrkl\u0259r\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 \u0259sl soyq\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irdil\u0259r (bax: Rusiyan\u0131n Van v\u0259 \u018frzurumdak\u0131 ba\u015f konsulu Mayevskinin xatir\u0259l\u0259ri. B., 1994). Bel\u0259 bir vaxtda, Rusiya d\u00f6vl\u0259ti erm\u0259nil\u0259r\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259k etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn edil\u0259n xahi\u015fl\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 yalvar\u0131\u015flara bigan\u0259 qalmad\u0131. 1912-ci ild\u0259 erm\u0259ni kils\u0259sinin katalikosu Rusiya h\u00f6kum\u0259tin\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 erm\u0259nil\u0259rini m\u00fcdafi\u0259 etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn xahi\u015fl\u0259 m\u00fcraci\u0259t etdi. Rusiya \u00f6z n\u00f6vb\u0259sind\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 Erm\u0259nistan\u0131nda geni\u015f islahatlar proqram\u0131n\u0131 ir\u0259li s\u00fcrs\u0259 d\u0259 Almaniya buna etiraz etdi. H\u0259tta i\u015f o yer\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131 ki, Antanta d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri 1914-c\u00fc il yanvar\u0131n 26-da erm\u0259ni vilay\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259 islahat ke\u00e7irm\u0259k bar\u0259d\u0259 m\u00fcqavil\u0259 imzalad\u0131. \u018fg\u0259r n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alsaq ki, bu zaman T\u00fcrkiy\u0259nin beyn\u0259lxalq v\u0259 daxili siyasi v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti xeyli m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b idi, onda \u00e7ox \u015fey ayd\u0131nla\u015far. T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 Balkan v\u0259 Trablis m\u00fcharib\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 xeyli itki vermi\u015fdi, \u00fcst\u0259lik yeni d\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259sinin alovlar\u0131 yax\u0131nla\u015fmaqda idi. V\u0259ziyy\u0259tin bel\u0259 a\u011f\u0131r v\u0259 m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b olmas\u0131na baxmayaraq, T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 h\u00f6kum\u0259ti q\u0259ti add\u0131m atd\u0131 v\u0259 islahatlar\u0131n ke\u00e7iril-m\u0259sind\u0259n imtina etdi. T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 h\u00f6kum\u0259tinin q\u0259ti v\u0259 prinsipial m\u00f6vqeyi do\u011fru idi. Ona g\u00f6r\u0259 ki, T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 \u0259razisind\u0259 v\u0259 vilay\u0259tl\u0259rin he\u00e7 birind\u0259 erm\u0259nil\u0259r \u00e7oxluq t\u0259\u015fkil etmirdil\u0259r v\u0259 nec\u0259 ola bil\u0259rdi ki, q\u0259dimd\u0259n t\u00fcrk yurdu v\u0259 t\u00fcrk torpaqlar\u0131 olan bir d\u00f6vl\u0259td\u0259 yeni bir bufer d\u00f6vl\u0259ti olacaq \u201cT\u00fcrkiy\u0259 Erm\u0259nistan\u0131\u201d deyil\u0259n qondarma v\u0259 uydurma bir d\u00f6vl\u0259t yarad\u0131ls\u0131n?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Birinci D\u00fcnya m\u00fcharib\u0259si ba\u015flanan kimi erm\u0259nil\u0259r \u00f6z murdar planlar\u0131n\u0131 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 vilay\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259 qanl\u0131 q\u0131r\u011f\u0131nlar t\u00f6r\u0259tdil\u0259r. Erm\u0259nil\u0259r s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 silahlan\u0131r v\u0259 t\u00fcrk k\u0259ndl\u0259rini amans\u0131zcas\u0131na yand\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131lar. T\u00fcrkiy\u0259nin bel\u0259 a\u011f\u0131r zaman\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259n ordular\u0131 h\u00fccuma ke\u00e7dil\u0259r, yunan qo\u015funlar\u0131 h\u00fccumla bir \u00e7ox t\u00fcrk \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rini \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irdil\u0259r. 1915-ci ilin mart\u0131nda Vanda erm\u0259ni \u00fcsyan\u0131 ba\u015fland\u0131. Erm\u0259nil\u0259r 3 min n\u0259f\u0259rd\u0259n \u00e7ox t\u00fcrk\u00fcn \u00fcst\u00fcn\u0259 benzin t\u00f6k\u0259r\u0259k yand\u0131rd\u0131lar. Van vilay\u0259ti erm\u0259nil\u0259rin \u0259lin\u0259 ke\u00e7di. 1916-c\u0131 ilin aprelin\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r ruslar\u0131n v\u0259 erm\u0259nil\u0259rin birl\u0259\u015fmi\u015f ordusu \u015e\u0259rqi Anadolunun b\u00f6y\u00fck bir hiss\u0259sini \u2013 Trabzonu, \u018frzurumu, Mu\u015fu, Bitlisi, Van\u0131 \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irmi\u015fdil\u0259r. \u0130ngilisl\u0259r Qars\u0131 i\u015f\u011fal etmi\u015f, frans\u0131zlar is\u0259 Adanan\u0131 v\u0259 Kilikiyan\u0131 tutmu\u015fdular. Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259ti 1918-ci il oktyabr\u0131n 30-da Mudros s\u00fclh m\u00fcqavil\u0259sini imzalayaraq Birinci Cahan m\u00fcharib\u0259sind\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131. Ac\u0131 m\u0259\u011flubiyy\u0259t n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259ti \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn faci\u0259li tarixini ya\u015fay\u0131rd\u0131. Mudros m\u00fcqavil\u0259si T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn a\u011f\u0131r \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259r ir\u0259li s\u00fcr\u00fcrd\u00fc. M\u00fcqavil\u0259nin \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 par\u00e7alan\u0131r, q\u0259dim Anadolu torpaqlar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259n \u0259lin\u0259 ke\u00e7irdi. H\u0259tta d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259n donanmas\u0131 \u0130stanbulda l\u00f6vb\u0259r salm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. V\u0259ziyy\u0259tin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u0259 ondan ibar\u0259t idi ki, T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 torpaqlar\u0131 hesab\u0131na \u201cT\u00fcrkiy\u0259 Erm\u0259nistan\u0131\u201d yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulmu\u015fdu. T\u00fcrkiy\u0259nin a\u011f\u0131r v\u0259ziyy\u0259t\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259sind\u0259n istifad\u0259 ed\u0259n d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259n ordular\u0131 bir-birinin ard\u0131nca T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rini v\u0259 t\u00fcrk vilay\u0259tl\u0259rini i\u015f\u011fal edirdil\u0259r. Bel\u0259 a\u011f\u0131r bir v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259 ik\u0259n sultan h\u00f6kum\u0259ti biab\u0131r\u00e7\u0131 Sevr m\u00fcqavil\u0259sini (10 avqust 1920-ci il) imzalad\u0131lar. Sevr m\u00fcqavil\u0259sinin \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259ri T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn olduqca a\u011f\u0131r v\u0259 h\u0259qar\u0259tli idi. Bu m\u00fcqavil\u0259y\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 Sultan T\u00fcrkiy\u0259si \u00f6z ordusunu buraxmal\u0131, h\u0259rbi donanmas\u0131n\u0131 \u0259slind\u0259 l\u0259\u011fv etm\u0259li, Suriya, F\u0259l\u0259stin, \u018fr\u0259bistan yar\u0131madas\u0131, Transiordaniya v\u0259 Mesopotamiyadak\u0131 torpaqlar\u0131ndan m\u0259hrum edilm\u0259li, \u0130zmir \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri Yunan\u0131stana verilm\u0259li idi. M\u00fcqavil\u0259y\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 Erm\u0259nistana m\u00fcst\u0259qillik verilm\u0259li v\u0259 yeni yarad\u0131lacaq Erm\u0259nistan\u0131n \u0259razisi \u018frzurum, Van, Trapezund v\u0259 Bitlis \u0259yal\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r geni\u015fl\u0259ndirilm\u0259li idi. Bu, ayr\u0131ca madd\u0259 kimi q\u0259bul edilmi\u015fdi. Osmanl\u0131 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259si bax bel\u0259 par\u00e7aland\u0131 v\u0259 \u00e7ox a\u011f\u0131r v\u0259ziyy\u0259t\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc. A\u011f\u0131r v\u0259 ac\u0131 taleyini ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 bir d\u00f6vl\u0259t olaraq tarixd\u0259n silinm\u0259k t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259si il\u0259 \u00fcz-\u00fcz\u0259 qald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bel\u0259likl\u0259, avropal\u0131lar\u0131n \u201cx\u0259st\u0259 adam\u201d adland\u0131rd\u0131qlar\u0131 Sultan T\u00fcrkiy\u0259sinin yaralar\u0131 yenid\u0259n q\u00f6vr el\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131. T\u00fcrkiy\u0259nin bel\u0259 a\u011f\u0131r durumunda \u201cYa istiqlal, ya \u00f6l\u00fcm\u201d \u015f\u00fcar\u0131n\u0131 ir\u0259li atan Mustafa Kamal Pa\u015fa ilk bax\u0131\u015fda m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayan bir \u015f\u0259raitd\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn t\u00fcrk xalq\u0131n\u0131 aya\u011fa qald\u0131rd\u0131, d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259n\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcm-dirim sava\u015f\u0131na girdi, milli m\u00fcbariz\u0259d\u0259 milli birliyi t\u0259min ed\u0259n \u0259v\u0259zsiz bir lider, m\u00fcharib\u0259 meydanlar\u0131nda \u0259fsan\u0259vi bir komandan, q\u00fcdr\u0259tli d\u00f6vl\u0259t yaradan b\u00f6y\u00fck siyasi xadim, mill\u0259tin simas\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015fdir\u0259n qorxmaz bir inqilab\u00e7\u0131 oldu. A\u011fl\u0131n v\u0259 elmin r\u0259hb\u0259rliyini, sa\u011flam d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259ni q\u0259bul ed\u0259n Atat\u00fcrk giri\u015fdiyi m\u00fcbariz\u0259nin \u0259vv\u0259lind\u0259n sonuna q\u0259d\u0259r t\u00fcrk mill\u0259tinin y\u00fcks\u0259k keyfiyy\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00fcv\u0259nmi\u015f, qazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u0259r bir q\u0259l\u0259b\u0259nin dahilikl\u0259 mill\u0259tin oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u0259mi\u015fdir. Sanki uca Tanr\u0131 onu par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015f, q\u0259lbi viran olmu\u015f, d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259n tapda\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda inild\u0259y\u0259n t\u00fcrk torpaqlar\u0131n\u0131n, t\u00fcrk yurdunun qurtulu\u015fu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn, bir xilaskar kimi t\u00fcrk mill\u0259tin\u0259 b\u0259x\u015f etdi. T\u00fcrkiy\u0259y\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 haqs\u0131z torpaq iddialar\u0131 Atat\u00fcrk\u00fc \u00e7ox \u00fcz\u00fcrd\u00fc. M\u0259hz bu s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n aslan kimi meydana at\u0131lan dahi \u00f6nd\u0259r Atat\u00fcrk b\u00f6y\u00fck v\u0259 parlaq z\u0259f\u0259rl\u0259r qazanaraq t\u00fcrk torpaqlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259nd\u0259n azad etdi v\u0259 t\u00fcrk xalq\u0131n\u0131n q\u0259lbind\u0259 m\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s bir heyk\u0259l ucaltd\u0131 (bax: U.Qocat\u00fcrk. Atat\u00fcrk. B., 1991).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Atat\u00fcrk\u00fcn r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi il\u0259 t\u00fcrk xalq\u0131n\u0131n milli azadl\u0131q m\u00fcbariz\u0259si, \u00f6l\u00fcm-dirim sava\u015f\u0131 1922-ci il oktyabr\u0131n 11-d\u0259 Antanta d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri il\u0259 imzalanan Mudaniya m\u00fcqavil\u0259si il\u0259 ba\u015fa \u00e7atd\u0131. M\u00fcqavil\u0259y\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 \u018fdirn\u0259 d\u0259 daxil olmaqla \u015e\u0259rqi Trakiya yunanlardan azad edildi, \u0130stanbul v\u0259 bo\u011fazlar T\u00fcrkiy\u0259y\u0259 qaytar\u0131ld\u0131. Bundan sonra T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 bir d\u00f6vl\u0259t olaraq aya\u011fa qalxma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ancaq bel\u0259 bir vaxtda erm\u0259nil\u0259r dinc durmur, b\u00f6y\u00fck d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin q\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na girm\u0259kd\u0259n \u0259l \u00e7\u0259kmirdil\u0259r. Mudaniya m\u00fcqavil\u0259sinin \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259ri erm\u0259nil\u0259rin \u201cT\u00fcrkiy\u0259 Erm\u0259nistan\u0131\u201d yaratmaq \u00fcmidl\u0259rini q\u0131rd\u0131. Lakin erm\u0259ni mill\u0259t\u00e7il\u0259ri \u00f6z t\u0259bli\u011fat\u0131ndan qalm\u0131r, Antanta d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri v\u0259 dig\u0259r b\u00f6y\u00fck d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rl\u0259 yaltaqcas\u0131na dan\u0131\u015f\u0131qlar apar\u0131rd\u0131lar. Bundan sonra erm\u0259nil\u0259r qar\u015f\u0131dak\u0131 Lozanna konfrans\u0131na ciddi haz\u0131rla\u015fma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Ba\u015fl\u0131ca m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259ri n\u0259yin bahas\u0131na olursa-olsun \u201cb\u00f6y\u00fck Erm\u0259nistan\u201d d\u00f6vl\u0259ti yaratmaq, d\u0259nizl\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irm\u0259k idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u0259tta erm\u0259nil\u0259r konfrans i\u015ftirak\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131na \u00f6zl\u0259rinin h\u0259yas\u0131z memorandumunu t\u0259qdim etdil\u0259r. H\u0259min memorandumla \u201cerm\u0259ni m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si\u201dnin h\u0259llinin 3 variant\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015fdil\u0259r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erm\u0259nil\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259razi ayr\u0131lmas\u0131;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erm\u0259nistan \u0259razil\u0259rinin ona \u015e\u0259rqi Anadolu torpaqlar\u0131n\u0131 birl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259k yolu il\u0259 geni\u015fl\u0259ndiril\u0259r\u0259k d\u0259niz\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259min etm\u0259k;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu \u0259razil\u0259r\u0259 Sevr m\u00fcqavil\u0259si \u0259sas\u0131nda Suriya, sonra is\u0259 Ankara m\u00fcqavil\u0259sin\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 Kilikiyas\u0131na verilmi\u015f hiss\u0259l\u0259ri birl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259k.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u0259hay\u0259t, Lozanna konfrans\u0131 1922-ci il noyabr\u0131n 20-d\u0259 topland\u0131 v\u0259 aylarla \u00f6z i\u015fini davam etdirdi. \u00c7\u0259tin v\u0259 m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b \u015f\u0259raitd\u0259 apar\u0131lan dan\u0131\u015f\u0131qlardan sonra n\u0259hay\u0259t, 1923-c\u00fc il iyulun 24-d\u0259 m\u00fcqavil\u0259 imzaland\u0131. Lozanna m\u00fcqavil\u0259sin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 yeni T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin istiqlaliyy\u0259ti b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnya t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u0259sdiq edildi, T\u00fcrkiy\u0259nin milli s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259ri m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirildi, sosial-iqtisadi, siyasi v\u0259 diplomatiya sah\u0259sind\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli v\u0259 tarixi q\u0259rarlar q\u0259bul edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lozanna konfrans\u0131 tarix salnam\u0259sin\u0259 t\u00fcrk xalq\u0131n\u0131n q\u0259hr\u0259manl\u0131q m\u00fcbariz\u0259sinin m\u0259ntiqi n\u0259tic\u0259si kimi daxil oldu v\u0259 Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin tarixind\u0259 Atat\u00fcrk\u00fcn r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi v\u0259 ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 misli g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u0259mi\u015f bir siyasi z\u0259f\u0259r oldu. T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t istiqlaliyy\u0259ti qazand\u0131, \u00f6lk\u0259 daxilind\u0259 \u0259cn\u0259bil\u0259rin h\u00f6kmranl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn \u0259saslar\u0131 m\u0259hv edildi, yaban\u00e7\u0131 buxovlar s\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. \u018fn m\u00fch\u00fcm\u00fc o idi ki, erm\u0259nil\u0259r\u0259 aid he\u00e7 bir madd\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131, erm\u0259ni da\u015fnaklar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fcmidl\u0259ri d\u0259fn edildi. Ancaq konfrans\u0131n 37-44-c\u00fc madd\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 dini azl\u0131qlara aid m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n fikirl\u0259r var idi ki, T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 \u0259razisind\u0259 bir dini azl\u0131q kimi onu erm\u0259nil\u0259r\u0259 d\u0259 aid etm\u0259k olard\u0131. Lakin sonralar erm\u0259nil\u0259r T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259 milli azl\u0131q kimi tan\u0131nmalar\u0131ndan imtina etdil\u0259r, onlar adi T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f\u0131 kimi ya\u015fama\u011fa \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck verdil\u0259r. Bu bar\u0259d\u0259 erm\u0259ni da\u015fnak lideri O.Ka\u00e7aznuni yaz\u0131rd\u0131: \u201cArt\u0131q T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 Erm\u0259nistan\u0131 yoxdur. Avropan\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri bizim m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259ni d\u0259fn etdil\u0259r\u201d. Daha sonra o, \u201cDa\u015fnaks\u00fctyun\u201d partiyas\u0131n\u0131n r\u0259hb\u0259ri kimi partiyan\u0131n f\u0259aliyy\u0259tin\u0259 yekun vuraraq \u201cDa\u015fnaks\u00fctyun\u201da art\u0131q he\u00e7 n\u0259 qalm\u0131r, partiya \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn q\u0259rar\u0131 il\u0259 \u015f\u00fcurlu v\u0259 q\u0259tiyy\u0259tli sur\u0259td\u0259 \u00f6z m\u00f6vcudlu\u011funa son qoymal\u0131d\u0131r\u201d q\u0259rar\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015fdi (bax: O.Ka\u00e7aznuni (Erm\u0259nistan\u0131n ilk Ba\u015fbakan\u0131). Da\u015fnak partisinin yapaca\u011f\u0131 bir \u015fey yok. \u0130stanbul, 2006). Lakin da\u015fnaklar \u00f6z liderl\u0259rinin m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259tin\u0259 \u0259m\u0259l etm\u0259dil\u0259r, onlar\u0131n cinay\u0259tkar f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti v\u0259 qanl\u0131 \u0259m\u0259ll\u0259ri o vaxtdan bu g\u00fcn\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r davam etm\u0259kd\u0259dir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bel\u0259likl\u0259, \u201cErm\u0259ni m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si\u201dnin yaranma tarixi, avant\u00fcrist f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti, qanl\u0131 \u0259m\u0259ll\u0259ri v\u0259 cinay\u0259tkar h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tl\u0259rinin tarix\u00e7\u0259si bel\u0259 olmu\u015fdur. Son olaraq qeyd etm\u0259k ist\u0259yirik ki, tarixd\u0259 yaranm\u0131\u015f \u201cerm\u0259ni m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si\u201d uydurulmu\u015f bir mif, \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fck a\u011fac\u0131 xat\u0131rladan bir m\u00fcq\u0259vva, he\u00e7 bir sosial \u0259sas\u0131 v\u0259 bazas\u0131 olmayan yalan\u00e7\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259d\u0259n ba\u015fqa bir \u015fey deyildir. Lakin bel\u0259 bir \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fck \u201cerm\u0259ni m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si\u201dnin uydurulmas\u0131 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 \u00f6z i\u015f\u011fal\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q planlar\u0131n\u0131 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn laz\u0131m imi\u015f. Kim bilir, \u201cerm\u0259ni m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si\u201d olmasayd\u0131 bel\u0259 Avropan\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri onun kimi n\u0259s\u0259 uyduracaqd\u0131 v\u0259 n\u0259h\u0259ng Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin ixtiyar\u0131nda olan torpaqlar\u0131 onun \u0259lind\u0259n almaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn daha hans\u0131 k\u0259\u015ff ed\u0259c\u0259kdil\u0259r? Lakin tarix ondan ibr\u0259t d\u0259rsi g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u0259y\u0259nl\u0259ri c\u0259zaland\u0131r\u0131r. Erm\u0259ni da\u015fnaklar\u0131 v\u0259 t\u0259bli\u011fat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 d\u0259fn edilmi\u015f \u201cerm\u0259ni m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si\u201dni iyirminci y\u00fczilliyin 80-ci ill\u0259rinin ortalar\u0131nda ba\u015fqa bir adla \u2013 \u201cQaraba\u011f problemi\u201d ad\u0131 il\u0259 yenid\u0259n meydana atd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQaraba\u011f problemi\u201dnin ortaya at\u0131lmas\u0131nda imperiya m\u0259rk\u0259zinin d\u0259 x\u00fcsusi maraq dair\u0259si olmu\u015fdur. SSR\u0130 r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n q\u0131z\u0131\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lan \u201cQaraba\u011f problemi\u201d on minl\u0259rl\u0259 g\u00fcnahs\u0131z adamlar\u0131n k\u00fctl\u0259vi \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 m\u0259hvin\u0259, y\u00fcz minl\u0259rl\u0259 insan\u0131n m\u0259cburi qa\u00e7q\u0131na, k\u00f6\u00e7k\u00fcn\u0259 v\u0259 did\u0259rgin\u0259 \u00e7evrilm\u0259sin\u0259, minl\u0259rl\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259r v\u0259 k\u0259ndin m\u0259hvin\u0259, milyardlarla maddi ziyanlara, insan z\u0259kas\u0131na s\u0131\u011fmayan v\u0259 t\u0259f\u0259kk\u00fcr\u0259 g\u0259tiril\u0259si m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayan a\u011f\u0131r m\u0259n\u0259vi sars\u0131nt\u0131lara s\u0259b\u0259b olmu\u015fdur. \u018fvv\u0259l \u201c\u015e\u0259rq m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si\u201dni, sonra \u201cerm\u0259ni m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si\u201dni, daha sonra is\u0259 \u201cQaraba\u011f problemi\u201dni ortaya atanlar bu g\u00fcn tarix qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda cavab verm\u0259lidirl\u0259r, b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnya d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri tarixi h\u0259qiq\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259n v\u0259 canl\u0131 tarixin \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259n ibr\u0259t d\u0259rsi almal\u0131d\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bel\u0259likl\u0259, tarixi ara\u015fd\u0131rmalar v\u0259 t\u0259dqiqatlar n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 bir obyektiv h\u0259qiq\u0259t meydana \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r ki, Rusiya v\u0259 xarici d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin k\u00f6m\u0259yi olmasayd\u0131, erm\u0259nil\u0259r he\u00e7 vaxt bug\u00fcnk\u00fc s\u00fcni d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rini \u0259ld\u0259 ed\u0259 v\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan torpaqlar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015f\u011fal ed\u0259 bilm\u0259zdil\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0Nuru M\u018fMM\u018fDOV, Professor<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

GADTB: Erm\u0259nil\u0259r \u015eimali Az\u0259rbaycan torpaqlar\u0131na x\u00fcsusi m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259, y\u0259ni onlara daimi v\u0259t\u0259n yaratmaq niyy\u0259ti il\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bu \u00e7irkin siyas\u0259tin h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259sind\u0259 Rusiya ordusunda xidm\u0259t ed\u0259n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":11222,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11221","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arasdirma"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11221","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=11221"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11221\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11223,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11221\/revisions\/11223"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/11222"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=11221"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=11221"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=11221"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}