{"id":1178,"date":"2020-02-11T00:51:30","date_gmt":"2020-02-10T20:51:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=1178"},"modified":"2020-02-11T20:33:52","modified_gmt":"2020-02-11T16:33:52","slug":"qadinlar-kisil%c9%99r%c9%99-nisb%c9%99t%c9%99n-daha-yet%c9%99n%c9%99klidirl%c9%99r","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=1178","title":{"rendered":"Qad\u0131nlar ki\u015fil\u0259r\u0259 nisb\u0259t\u0259n daha yet\u0259n\u0259klidirl\u0259r"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Q\u0259dim bir t\u00fcrk atalar s\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 deyilir: «O\u011ful anan\u0131n o\u011fludur». Bu atalar s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc Mahmud Ka\u015f\u011farl\u0131 «Divani l\u00fc\u011f\u0259ti T\u00fcrk» \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 qeyd\u0259 al\u0131b. M\u00fcasir elm bu t\u00fcrk deyimini s\u00fcbut etm\u0259kd\u0259dir. Diqq\u0259tiniz\u0259 qad\u0131n v\u0259 ki\u015fil\u0259rd\u0259 olan xromosomlar\u0131n yeni insanda nec\u0259 \u0259ks olunmas\u0131n\u0131 \u0259ks etdir\u0259n bir yaz\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131r\u0131q.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

«U\u015faq ana b\u0259tnind\u0259yk\u0259n t\u0259lim g\u00f6r\u00fcr v\u0259 h\u0259r \u015feyi d\u0259rk etm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131r. Anan\u0131n taxd\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u0259z\u0259k \u0259\u015fyalar\u0131n\u0131, dava-dala\u015flar\u0131n\u0131, s\u0131x\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131, h\u0259tta yem\u0259k yey\u0259rk\u0259n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u0259zzi hiss edir». Bunu t\u00fcrkiy\u0259li Camalnur Sarqut yaz\u0131b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bilik, m\u0259lumat genl\u0259ri, anadan ke\u00e7ir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130nsanlarda t\u0259xmin\u0259n 40.000 genin 24.000 \u015f\u00fcurlu inki\u015faf\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u0259suliyy\u0259t da\u015f\u0131y\u0131r. \u0130nformasiya genl\u0259rinin X xromosomunda s\u0131x oldu\u011funu m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n ed\u0259n elm adamlar\u0131, insanlar bu genl\u0259rd\u0259n birini ki\u015fil\u0259ri meydana g\u0259tir\u0259n Y xromosomunda tapmam\u0131\u015flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ulm Universitetinin alimi Horst Hameister, ki\u015fil\u0259rin z\u0259ka s\u0259viyy\u0259sinin bu s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n qad\u0131nlardan daha a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011funu v\u0259 zehni narahatl\u0131qlara daha \u00e7ox meylli olduqlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u0259yib.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ki\u015fil\u0259rd\u0259 yaln\u0131z bir X xromosomunun oldu\u011funu dey\u0259n Hameister, bu xromosomdak\u0131 z\u0259ka genl\u0259rinin birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259si yax\u015f\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u0259qdird\u0259 ki\u015fil\u0259rin a\u011f\u0131ll\u0131 olma ehtimal\u0131n\u0131n az oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u0259di.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qad\u0131nlarda iki X xromosomunun oldu\u011funu dey\u0259n Hameister, ikinci X xromosomunda \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131q oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u0259di.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QADINlar\u0131n o\u011flan u\u015faqlar\u0131n\u0131 q\u0259z\u0259bl\u0259ndirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn s\u00f6yl\u0259diyi «U\u015fa\u011f\u0131m z\u0259kaca m\u0259n\u0259 \u00e7\u0259kib» s\u00f6z\u00fc elmi sur\u0259td\u0259 s\u00fcbut edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ulm Universitetind\u0259 edil\u0259n bir ara\u015fd\u0131rmada, b\u00fct\u00fcn z\u0259ka genl\u0259ri qad\u0131nlar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u0259n X xromosomundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u041d\u0430<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u0130G\u018fR FAKTORLARA T\u018fS\u0130R\u0130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z\u0259kan\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131nda m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t, t\u0259hsil v\u0259 t\u0259hsil imkanlar\u0131 kimi ekoloji amill\u0259rin m\u00fch\u00fcm rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildir\u0259n Hameister, bu amill\u0259rin \u0259srl\u0259r boyu ki\u015fil\u0259rin mara\u011f\u0131nda oldu\u011funu v\u0259 qad\u0131nlar\u0131n i\u015f h\u0259yat\u0131nda is\u0259 az rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 diqq\u0259t\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hameister qad\u0131nlar\u0131n universitetl\u0259rd\u0259n ki\u015fil\u0259r\u0259 nisb\u0259t\u0259n daha y\u00fcks\u0259k qiym\u0259tl\u0259r ald\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u0259di, lakin magistr d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259l\u0259rini davam etdir\u0259n v\u0259 akademik karyera quran qad\u0131nlar\u0131n say\u0131 \u00e7ox azd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cinsi xromosomlar\u0131n insan z\u0259kas\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259si m\u00fcbahis\u0259 yarad\u0131r!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7\u0131x\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Harvard Universitetinin rektoru Lawrence Summers, qad\u0131nlar\u0131n elmi ara\u015fd\u0131rmalara ki\u015fil\u0259rd\u0259n daha az meylli oldu\u011funu ir\u0259li s\u00fcr\u0259r\u0259k, b\u00f6y\u00fck bir f\u0131rt\u0131nan\u0131 qopard\u0131. Bundan sonra insanda X xromosomunun ard\u0131c\u0131ll\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u0259ll olundu. Xromosomlar haqq\u0131nda yeni tap\u0131nt\u0131lar n\u0259sill\u0259r aras\u0131nda pertseptual f\u0259rql\u0259rin yaranmas\u0131nda genl\u0259rin rolu il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 vacib a\u00e7\u0131qlamalar\u0131 da \u0259hat\u0259 edir. Genetik f\u0259rql\u0259r ilk bax\u0131\u015fdan qad\u0131nlar\u0131n xeyrin\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259sin\u0259 baxmayaraq, X xromosomunun genetik rekombinasiyas\u0131 zaman\u0131 meydana g\u0259l\u0259n permutations, ki\u015fil\u0259rin super z\u0259kan\u0131n inki\u015faf etdirm\u0259 ehtimal\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u041d\u0430<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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Emosionall\u0131q v\u0259 siyas\u0259t tez-tez cinsl\u0259r aras\u0131nda z\u0259ka v\u0259 qavray\u0131\u015f f\u0259rql\u0259rind\u0259ki m\u00fczakir\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 m\u00fcdaxil\u0259 ets\u0259 d\u0259, bir \u015fey d\u0259qiqdir: 300 milyon il \u0259vv\u0259l ilk m\u0259m\u0259lil\u0259rimizl\u0259 yollar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fczd\u0259n X v\u0259 Y xromosomlar\u0131 f\u0259rqli genetik vahidl\u0259r olaraq m\u00f6vcud olmu\u015fdur. Y xromosomu sperma istehsal\u0131na v\u0259 bir s\u0131ra ox\u015far ki\u015filik x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 n\u0259zar\u0259t etm\u0259k kimi m\u0259hdud bir funksiyaya malikdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gen t\u0259rkibi daha z\u0259ngin olan X xromosomu, b\u0259lk\u0259 d\u0259 23 xromosom aras\u0131nda \u0259n \u00e7ox t\u0259dqiq edil\u0259ndir. T\u0259rkibind\u0259ki genl\u0259rd\u0259 meydana g\u0259l\u0259n mutasiyalar, ki\u015fil\u0259ri 300-d\u0259n \u00e7ox genetik x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259r\u0259 meyllidir. Bunlara r\u0259ng korlu\u011fu, \u0259z\u0259l\u0259 distrofiyas\u0131 v\u0259 200-d\u0259n \u00e7ox beyin poz\u011funlu\u011fu daxildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130nsanlar aras\u0131ndak\u0131 cinsi f\u0259rql\u0259r cinsiyy\u0259t xromosomlar\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259yin edir. Qad\u0131n h\u0259r iki valideynd\u0259n bir X xromosomunu miras ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 halda, ki\u015fi anas\u0131ndan bir X xromosomu v\u0259 atas\u0131ndan bir Y xromosomu g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u0259r\u0259k do\u011fulur. X xromosomundak\u0131 1098 gend\u0259n yaln\u0131z 54-d\u0259 Y xromosomunun funksional qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 var. Bu balanss\u0131zl\u0131q s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131lar Y xromosomunu genetik olaraq «silikl\u0259\u015fmi\u015f» olaraq xarakteriz\u0259 edirl\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu ki\u00e7il\u0259n xromosomun, genetik s\u00fcrprizl\u0259rl\u0259 ayaqla\u015fmas\u0131 daha \u00e7\u0259tindir. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, bir qad\u0131nda X \u0259laq\u0259li bir gen mutasiya edildikd\u0259, ikinci X xromosomundan ehtiyat bir gen il\u0259 \u0259lav\u0259 edil\u0259 bil\u0259r. Bir ki\u015fi \u0259laq\u0259li bir gen mutasiyas\u0131 meydana g\u0259ldikd\u0259, Y xromosomu he\u00e7 bir \u015fey ed\u0259 bilm\u0259z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Beynimiz X xromosomu il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259li disfunksiyalara daha h\u0259ssasd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Almaniyan\u0131n Ulm Universiteti insan genetikas\u0131 \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259mi\u015fdir. Horst Hameister v\u0259 komandas\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn beyin x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259rinin 21 faizinin X xromosomu il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259li gen mutasiyalar\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259li oldu\u011funu g\u00f6st\u0259rdi. Hameisterin fikrinc\u0259, mutasiyalar z\u0259kaya z\u0259r\u0259r ver\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259yi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bu genl\u0259rin d\u0259 k\u0259\u015ffiyyat\u0131n formala\u015fmas\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259si olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Avstraliyan\u0131n Newcastle Universitetinin tibbi genetika professoru Gillian Turner, X xromosomunu z\u0259kan\u0131 meydana g\u0259tir\u0259n genl\u0259rin topland\u0131\u011f\u0131 hovuz olaraq g\u00f6r\u00fcr: «\u018fg\u0259r bir genin populyasiyaya s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ist\u0259yirsinizs\u0259, onu X xromosomuna qoymal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z. Tarixd\u0259 \u0259n s\u00fcr\u0259tli inki\u015faf ed\u0259n v\u0259 yay\u0131lan insan \u00f6z\u0259lliyi, el\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcd\u00fcr.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

X xromosomunda bir n\u0259sild\u0259n dig\u0259rin\u0259 n\u0259slin \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259sin\u0259 imkan ver\u0259n f\u00f6vq\u0259lad\u0259 bir sistem var. Atan\u0131n X xromosomu il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259li genl\u0259rin ham\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 q\u0131z\u0131na ke\u00e7ir, o\u011ful X \u0259laq\u0259li genl\u0259ri anas\u0131ndan al\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hameisterin s\u00f6zl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, bu sistem ki\u015fil\u0259ri X xromosomu il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259li bir s\u0131ra x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259r\u0259 daha h\u0259ssas edir; h\u0259m d\u0259 b\u0259zi mutasiyalar vasit\u0259sil\u0259 z\u0259ka spektrinin zirv\u0259sin\u0259 \u00e7atma\u011fa imkan verir: \u201cQad\u0131nlar \u00fcmumi k\u0259\u015ffiyyat testl\u0259rind\u0259 ki\u015fil\u0259rd\u0259n daha u\u011furlu olurlar. Bununla birlikd\u0259, IQ 135 v\u0259 daha y\u00fcks\u0259k olan ki\u015fil\u0259rin say\u0131 qad\u0131nlar\u0131n say\u0131ndan daha \u00e7oxdur. T\u0259bii ki, \u0259qli geriliyi olan ki\u015fil\u0259r d\u0259 var.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

X xromosomunun genetik z\u0259nginliyi v\u0259 \u0130Q-d\u0259ki rolu bar\u0259d\u0259 m\u00fczakir\u0259l\u0259r h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 davam edir. Z\u0259ka el\u0259 x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tdir ki, t\u0259k bir gen\u0259 qo\u015fulmur. Ancaq son vaxtlara q\u0259d\u0259r hormonlar v\u0259 \u0259traf m\u00fchit amill\u0259rinin genl\u0259r aras\u0131ndak\u0131 z\u0259ka f\u0259rql\u0259rini t\u0259yin ed\u0259c\u0259yi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc. Yeni tap\u0131nt\u0131lar fonunda genl\u0259rin bu m\u00f6vzuda daha t\u0259sirli bir rol oynaya bil\u0259c\u0259yi ayd\u0131nla\u015fd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Aliml\u0259rin s\u00f6zl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, ki\u015fil\u0259rin Y xromosomu qad\u0131nlar\u0131n X xromosomunun ki\u00e7ik bir hiss\u0259sidir. Bu xromosom (Y) t\u0259kam\u00fcl prosesind\u0259 genl\u0259rin yaln\u0131z 10% -d\u0259 qal\u0131b. Bununla yana\u015f\u0131, onlar\u0131n s\u00f6zl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, qad\u0131nlar ki\u015fil\u0259rd\u0259n f\u0259rqli olaraq d\u00f6ll\u0259nm\u0259 olmadan \u00e7oxala bil\u0259rl\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rusiya Elml\u0259r Akademiyas\u0131n\u0131n N.\u0130.Vavilov ad\u0131na \u00dcmumi Genetika \u0130nstitutunun apar\u0131c\u0131 elmi \u0259m\u0259kda\u015f\u0131, Texas\u0131n (AB\u015e) \u0410&\u041c Universitetinin professoru Konstantin Krutovskinin izahat\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259, bu, bu qad\u0131nlar\u0131n tam bir xromosom d\u0259stin\u0259 malik olmas\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar olaraq m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u041d\u0435\u0442<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

«Bu, ki\u015fil\u0259rin u\u015faq d\u00fcnyaya g\u0259tirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn reproduktiv strukturlar\u0131n\u0131n olmamas\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r» — dey\u0259 genetik bildirib.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

«Odur ki, \u0259g\u0259r ki\u015fil\u0259r hans\u0131sa s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n yoxa \u00e7\u0131xsalar, qad\u0131nlar hipotetik olaraq partonogenetik art\u0131ma ke\u00e7\u0259 bil\u0259rl\u0259r. Bu zaman qad\u0131nlar haploid gametl\u0259rin formala\u015fmas\u0131 zaman\u0131 meyoz b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u0259 ke\u00e7m\u0259mi\u015f yumurta h\u00fcceyr\u0259sind\u0259n istifad\u0259 ed\u0259c\u0259k. Bu c\u00fcr yumurta h\u00fcceyr\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 yaln\u0131z anan\u0131n d\u0259qiq sur\u0259ti yarana bil\u0259r: ana yaln\u0131z q\u0131z u\u015faqlar\u0131 do\u011fa bil\u0259r» — Krutovski \u0259lav\u0259 edib.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do\u011frudur, genetikl\u0259rin bu b\u0259yanat\u0131 klerikallar\u0131n etiraz\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olub. Ba\u015fda xristianl\u0131q v\u0259 islam olmaqla, dinl\u0259r ilk insan\u0131n ki\u015fi (Ad\u0259m) oldu\u011funu v\u0259 ilk qad\u0131n\u0131n (H\u0259vva) ki\u015finin qab\u0131r\u011fas\u0131ndan yarand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia edirl\u0259r. Genetikl\u0259rin d\u00fcnyan\u0131n di\u015fi \u0259sasl\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 erk\u0259yin d\u0259 di\u015fid\u0259n yarand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 isbat ed\u0259n bu a\u00e7\u0131qlamas\u0131, dindarlar\u0131n min ill\u0259rl\u0259 b\u0259\u015f\u0259riyy\u0259tin yaranmas\u0131na dair inanclar\u0131n\u0131 alt-\u00fcst edir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fedai.az Ara\u015fd\u0131rma Qrupu<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Q\u0259dim bir t\u00fcrk atalar s\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 deyilir: «O\u011ful anan\u0131n o\u011fludur». Bu atalar s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc Mahmud Ka\u015f\u011farl\u0131 «Divani l\u00fc\u011f\u0259ti T\u00fcrk» \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 qeyd\u0259 al\u0131b. M\u00fcasir elm bu t\u00fcrk<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1179,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1178","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arasdirma"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1178","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1178"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1178\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1180,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1178\/revisions\/1180"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1179"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1178"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1178"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1178"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}