{"id":13623,"date":"2020-08-23T03:00:05","date_gmt":"2020-08-22T23:00:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=13623"},"modified":"2020-08-23T03:12:01","modified_gmt":"2020-08-22T23:12:01","slug":"tarix-boyu-turk-qadinlari-katun-xatun-xanim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=13623","title":{"rendered":"Tarix boyu T\u00fcrk Qad\u0131nlar\u0131: «KATUN-XATUN-XANIM»"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Aybike Sertta\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

14 madd\u0259d\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259ti idar\u0259 ed\u0259n, bu g\u00fcn \u00f6z evl\u0259rin\u0259<\/strong> h\u0259bs etm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan t\u00fcrk qad\u0131nlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130slamdan \u0259vv\u0259lki T\u00fcrkl\u0259r haqq\u0131nda m\u0259lumat e.\u0259. 4000-4500 ill\u0259r\u0259d\u0259k gedib \u00e7at\u0131r. Bu \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259d\u0259 ilk n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259 t\u00fcrk dili t\u0259hlil edilm\u0259lidir. T\u00fcrk dilind\u0259 gender ayr\u0131se\u00e7kiliyi yoxdur. \u00c7\u00fcnki T\u00fcrk m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tind\u0259 d\u0259 gender ayr\u0131se\u00e7kiliyi yoxdur. \u0130lk \u015famanlar\u0131n qad\u0131n oldu\u011funa inan\u0131l\u0131r v\u0259 buna g\u00f6r\u0259 qad\u0131n \u015famanlar \u015faman icmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259n g\u00fccl\u00fc m\u0259n\u0259vi liderl\u0259ri say\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u0259m d\u0259 Tengri s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn cinsiyy\u0259ti yoxdur. T\u00fcrk ail\u0259l\u0259ri patriarxal deyildi. T\u00fcrk dill\u0259rind\u0259 ana t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n «day\u0131», «tagay», «kufduk» v\u0259 «xala» qohumluq bildir\u0259n adlar ana dilind\u0259 tap\u0131lsa da, ata t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n qohumluq bildir\u0259n adlar sonrak\u0131 d\u00f6vrl\u0259r\u0259 aiddir. Bu m\u0259lumatlardan ba\u015fqa, Xaqan\u0131n d\u00f6vl\u0259t idar\u0259sind\u0259ki q\u0259rar\u0131 Xatun raz\u0131la\u015fmad\u0131qca etibarl\u0131 say\u0131lmazd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tarixi m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 t\u00fcrkl\u0259rin \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t verdikl\u0259ri h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 «Ana haqq\u0131» olaraq q\u0259bul etdikl\u0259ri v\u0259 Tanr\u0131 Haqq\u0131 il\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259r tutuldu\u011funu g\u00f6st\u0259rir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. T\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259ki qad\u0131nlar\u0131n v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn Orta Asiya T\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259 (\u0130skitl\u0259r, Hunlar, G\u00f6kt\u00fcrkl\u0259r, Uy\u011furlar) qad\u0131nlar \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli h\u00fcquq v\u0259 s\u0259lahiyy\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 sahib idil\u0259r. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, skifl\u0259rd\u0259 h\u0259r qad\u0131n\u0131n \u0130skit ki\u015fil\u0259ri kimi d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00e7\u00fc v\u0259 \u0259sg\u0259r kimi yeti\u015fdirilm\u0259si \u0259n\u0259n\u0259si var idi. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 skif k\u00f6\u00e7\u0259ri qad\u0131nlar\u0131 h\u0259r m\u00fcharib\u0259d\u0259 ki\u015fil\u0259ri il\u0259 birg\u0259 vuru\u015furdular.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259 t\u00fcrk qad\u0131nlar\u0131 bu c\u00fcr f\u0259aliyy\u0259tl\u0259ri b\u00f6y\u00fck l\u0259yaq\u0259tl\u0259 v\u0259 c\u0259sar\u0259tl\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irirdil\u0259r. \u018fslind\u0259, bu c\u00fcr f\u0259aliyy\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 o q\u0259d\u0259r b\u00f6y\u00fck g\u00fccl\u0259rl\u0259 h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t etmi\u015fdil\u0259r ki, \u00c7in il\u0259 B\u00f6y\u00fck Hun \u0130mperiyas\u0131 ad\u0131ndan ilk s\u00fclh m\u00fcqavil\u0259sini Metenin xatunu imzalam\u0131\u015fd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Qad\u0131ns\u0131z i\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u0259zdi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hunlar d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259n b\u0259ri ki\u015fil\u0259rl\u0259 qad\u0131nlar aras\u0131nda ayr\u0131se\u00e7kilik olmam\u0131\u015f v\u0259 qad\u0131nlar ki\u015fil\u0259ri tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn qad\u0131nlar olmadan he\u00e7 bir i\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u0259mi\u015fdir. \u018fslind\u0259 Xan\u0131n \u0259mrl\u0259ri yaln\u0131z «Xaqan \u0259mr etdi» ifad\u0259si il\u0259 ba\u015flasa, etibarl\u0131 say\u0131lm\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Xarici d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin s\u0259firl\u0259ri t\u0259kc\u0259 sultan\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131rd\u0131lar. El\u00e7il\u0259rin q\u0259bulu zaman\u0131 xatunun da xanla birlikd\u0259 olmal\u0131 idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u0259z\u0259n xatunlar el\u00e7il\u0259ri \u00f6zl\u0259ri q\u0259bul edirdil\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, Avropa Hun d\u00f6vl\u0259tin\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259n s\u0259firl\u0259ri Atillan\u0131n h\u0259yat yolda\u015f\u0131 Ar\u0131q-xan q\u0259bul etmi\u015fdi v\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t i\u015fl\u0259ri m\u00fczakir\u0259 edilmi\u015fdi. Q\u0259bul m\u0259rasiml\u0259rind\u0259, ziyaf\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 xatun xaqan\u0131n solunda otururdu. Siyasi v\u0259 inzibati m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 qulaq as\u0131rd\u0131 v\u0259 h\u0259tta \u00f6z fikrini bildirirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti G\u00f6kalp «Q\u0259dim q\u0259bil\u0259l\u0259r aras\u0131nda he\u00e7 bir q\u0259bil\u0259, T\u00fcrkl\u0259r q\u0259d\u0259r qad\u0131nlara haqq v\u0259 h\u00fcquq verm\u0259di» kimi izah etmi\u015fdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. T\u00fcrk mifologiyas\u0131nda qad\u0131n<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrk mifologiyas\u0131nda qad\u0131nlar \u00e7ox y\u00fcks\u0259k bir m\u00f6vqed\u0259 t\u0259svir olunurlar. Yarad\u0131l\u0131\u015f dastan\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 qad\u0131nlar, kainat\u0131n yaranmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olan ilham m\u0259nb\u0259yi kimi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fcl\u0259r. T\u00fcrk dastanlar\u0131nda qad\u0131n ilahi varl\u0131qd\u0131r. Onu be\u015f duy\u011fu il\u0259 \u00e7atmaq, toxunmaq, iyl\u0259m\u0259k v\u0259 qavramaq m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yarad\u0131l\u0131\u015f dastan\u0131nda \u00dclgen\u0259 (Tanr\u0131ya) fikir v\u0259 ilham ver\u0259n, insanlar\u0131 v\u0259 d\u00fcnyan\u0131 yaradan Ak Ana adl\u0131 bir qad\u0131nd\u0131r. O\u011fuz Ka\u011fan\u0131n ilk h\u0259yat yolda\u015f\u0131, g\u00f6yd\u0259n en\u0259n mavi i\u015f\u0131qdan, ikinci arvad is\u0259 m\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s bir a\u011facdan do\u011fulan bir f\u00f6vq\u0259lt\u0259bii varl\u0131qd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrk mifologiyas\u0131ndak\u0131 b\u0259zi ilah\u0259l\u0259r bunlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ak Ana<\/strong>: \u00dclgen\u0259 sonsuz sulardan yaratma\u011f\u0131 \u0259mr ed\u0259n ilah\u0259dir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Umay Ana<\/strong>: U\u015faqlar\u0131 v\u0259 heyvanlar\u0131 qoruyan tanr\u0131\u00e7ad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ay\u0131s\u0131t<\/strong>: G\u00f6z\u0259llik tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. U\u015faqlara ruh verir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00fcbey Xatun<\/strong>: Do\u011fu\u015f ilah\u0259si.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Asena:<\/strong> R\u0259hb\u0259r, apar\u0131c\u0131 tanr\u0131\u00e7a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6\u011fgen: <\/strong>D\u00f6vl\u0259ti qoruyan v\u0259 \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fcy\u00fc t\u0259min ed\u0259n tanr\u0131\u00e7a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk v\u0259 Uy\u011furlarda qad\u0131nlar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f6kt\u00fcrkl\u0259rd\u0259 v\u0259 uy\u011furlarda xan\u0131n h\u0259yat yolda\u015f\u0131 \u0259ri il\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t i\u015fl\u0259rind\u0259 s\u00f6z sahibi olurdu. Sifari\u015fl\u0259r yaln\u0131z Ka\u011fan ad\u0131ndan deyil, Ka\u011fan v\u0259 Xatun ad\u0131ndan da imzalan\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Orxun kitab\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t i\u015fl\u0259rini bil\u0259n Katunlar\u0131n ad\u0131 \u00e7\u0259kilir. Xan\u0131n arvad\u0131 olan Xatun, Ka\u011fan kimi ad\u0259t \u00fczr\u0259 bir taxtda oturur v\u0259 Xanla birlikd\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259ni idar\u0259 edirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Orxon kitab\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 bir «Xaqan v\u0259 Xatunun buyru\u011fu il\u0259» ba\u015flayan ifad\u0259l\u0259r var. Bu s\u00f6zl\u0259r \u0130slamdan \u00f6nc\u0259ki T\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259ki idar\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 qad\u0131nlar\u0131n bir s\u00f6z sahibi oldu\u011funu g\u00f6st\u0259rir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kutluk D\u00f6vl\u0259tinin h\u00f6kmdarlar\u0131 Bilge Kagan v\u0259 Kultigin ad\u0131na qurulan abid\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 xatunun xalqdan f\u0259rqli oldu\u011fu bel\u0259 bildirilir. \u201cYuxar\u0131dak\u0131 T\u00fcrk Tanr\u0131s\u0131, T\u00fcrkl\u0259rin xo\u015fb\u0259xt \u00f6lk\u0259sini qurdu. «Atam \u0130lteri\u015f Ka\u011fan v\u0259 anam \u0130lbilge Xatunu (Tanr\u0131), xalq i\u015find\u0259n \u00e7\u0259kib yuxar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131xarm\u0131\u015f». Bu ifad\u0259l\u0259r Orta Asiya t\u00fcrkl\u0259rind\u0259 qad\u0131n\u0131n siyasi v\u0259 toplum bax\u0131m\u0131ndan v\u0259ziyy\u0259tini g\u00f6st\u0259rir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

5. D\u00f6vl\u0259t \u0130dar\u0259\u00e7iliyind\u0259 v\u0259 Qo\u015funlar\u0131n Ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olan Qad\u0131nlar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u0259z\u0259n d\u00f6vl\u0259t siyas\u0259tini formala\u015fd\u0131ranlar qad\u0131nlar da olub. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, Sabarlar\u0131n (Sibir) ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 Balak Xan \u00f6ld\u00fckd\u0259, arvad\u0131 Boar\u0131k Xatun onun yerin\u0259 ke\u00e7di. Boar\u0131k Xatun 100.000 n\u0259f\u0259rlik Sabar ordusuna r\u0259hb\u0259rlik etdi v\u0259 Bizans imperatoru I Yustinian\u0131n dizl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u0259tirdiyi bilinir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ba\u015fqa bir misal II G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk Ka\u011fanlar\u0131ndan biri olan Bilge Ka\u011fan v\u0259fat etdikd\u0259, taxta \u00e7\u0131xan o\u011flu d\u00f6vl\u0259ti yax\u015f\u0131 idar\u0259 ed\u0259 bilm\u0259y\u0259nd\u0259, Tonyukukun q\u0131z\u0131 olan anas\u0131 Po-Fu h\u00f6kum\u0259t i\u015fl\u0259rin\u0259 m\u00fcdaxil\u0259 etm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. \u0130bn Fadlan\u0131n \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259ki t\u00fcrk qad\u0131nlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130slamdan \u0259vv\u0259lki T\u00fcrk qad\u0131nlar\u0131na veril\u0259n d\u0259y\u0259r\u0259 dair dig\u0259r n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259r d\u0259 var. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, h\u0259l\u0259 \u0130slam\u0131 q\u0259bul etm\u0259mi\u015f \u0130til (Volqa) Bulqarlar\u0131na s\u0259yah\u0259t ed\u0259n \u0130bn Fadlan, \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 qad\u0131nlar\u0131n T\u00fcrk c\u0259miyy\u0259tind\u0259ki yeri v\u0259 rolunu t\u0259\u0259cc\u00fcbl\u00fc bir \u015f\u0259kild\u0259, heyr\u0259tini gizl\u0259d\u0259 bilm\u0259diyi bir t\u0259rzd\u0259 qeyd edir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadlan, Xatunun h\u00f6kmdar\u0131n yan\u0131nda oturdu\u011funu, bunun T\u00fcrkl\u0259rin ad\u0259tin\u0259 \u00e7evrildiyini, Xatunun bir x\u0259l\u0259t geyindiyi zaman xatuna aid qad\u0131nlar\u0131n onun \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f pul t\u00f6kd\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fc v\u0259 T\u00fcrk qad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n he\u00e7 vaxt ki\u015fil\u0259rd\u0259n qa\u00e7mad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7. Dastanlardak\u0131 qad\u0131nlar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u0259d\u0259 Qorqud hekay\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n biri olan, «D\u0259li Dumrul hekay\u0259si»nd\u0259 Dumrul \u00f6z can\u0131n\u0131na \u0259v\u0259z tapma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fark\u0259n bunu \u00f6z qad\u0131n\u0131ndan tapd\u0131 v\u0259 onun xan\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7\u0259kinm\u0259d\u0259n «can\u0131n\u0131 ver\u0259c\u0259yini» s\u00f6yl\u0259di.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bundan \u0259lav\u0259, t\u00fcrk m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tind\u0259ki epik q\u0259hr\u0259manlar atlara yax\u015f\u0131 min\u0259n, yax\u015f\u0131 q\u0131l\u0131nclardan istifad\u0259 edib, yax\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 aparan qad\u0131nlarla evl\u0259nm\u0259k ist\u0259yirl\u0259r. \u018fslind\u0259 D\u0259d\u0259 Qorqudun hekay\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n biri olan Bams\u0131 Beyr\u0259kd\u0259ki «Banu \u00c7i\u00e7\u0259k» hekay\u0259si d\u0259 bunun \u0259n yax\u015f\u0131 n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n biridir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dig\u0259r bir n\u00fcmun\u0259 Selcan xatun. Selcan xatun, d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259nl\u0259rin gec\u0259 \u0259rin\u0259 basq\u0131n etm\u0259sind\u0259n qorxur. \u018frini x\u0259b\u0259rdar edir, m\u00fcharib\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131r. D\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f zaman\u0131 \u0259rinin at\u0131 yaralan\u0131r. D\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u0259 haz\u0131r \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 g\u00f6zl\u0259y\u0259n Selcan xatun at\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259nl\u0259rin \u00fcst\u00fcn\u0259 s\u00fcr\u00fcr v\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259nl\u0259ri q\u0131l\u0131ncdan ke\u00e7irm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yen\u0259 «Manas» dastan\u0131nda, Manas\u0131 z\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259y\u0259r\u0259k, atd\u0131qlar\u0131 \u00e7uxurdan xilas etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259nl\u0259 vuru\u015fan h\u0259yat yolda\u015f\u0131 Kanikey xatun v\u0259 o\u011flu Uruzu \u0259sirlikd\u0259n qurtarmaq ist\u0259y\u0259n q\u0259hr\u0259man Qazan b\u0259yin h\u0259yat yolda\u015f\u0131 Burla Hatun qad\u0131n q\u0259hr\u0259manlar\u0131ndan b\u0259zil\u0259ridir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8. T\u00fcrk qad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n Bizans d\u00f6vl\u0259tin\u0259 t\u0259siri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ba\u015fqa bir X\u0259z\u0259r \u015fahzad\u0259si \u00c7i\u00e7ekion, Bizans saray\u0131na g\u0259lin kimi getdi v\u0259 geyindiyi paltar sarayda v\u0259 \u0259traf\u0131nda d\u0259b hal\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131. Ancaq daha \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tlisi \u0130mperator II Yustinian v\u0259 V Kostantinos X\u0259z\u0259r \u015fahzad\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 evl\u0259ndil\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

X\u0259z\u0259r \u015fahzad\u0259sind\u0259n do\u011fulmu\u015f Konstantinin o\u011flu tarixd\u0259 Leon X\u0259z\u0259r l\u0259q\u0259bi il\u0259 tan\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131 \u201d. O, BH\u0259m d\u0259 X\u0259z\u0259r xaqanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n n\u0259v\u0259si idi. Bizans imperatorlar\u0131 bu evlilikl\u0259rl\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar b\u0259zi m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 x\u0259z\u0259rl\u0259rin d\u0259st\u0259yini alma\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrd\u00fcl\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sonradan X\u0259z\u0259r Leonun h\u0259yat yolda\u015f\u0131 \u0130ren, Auqusta v\u0259 ya bir imperator naibi kimi deyil, yegan\u0259 v\u0259 s\u0259lahiyy\u0259tli bir «Basileus» q\u0259bul v\u0259 elan edildi. Bu hadis\u0259 X\u0259z\u0259r T\u00fcrk qad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n Bizans d\u00f6vl\u0259tin\u0259 siyasi t\u0259sirini g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259k bax\u0131m\u0131ndan \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tlidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9. F\u0259rqli co\u011frafiyalarda ya\u015fayan qad\u0131nlar\u0131n v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7inlil\u0259rd\u0259 qad\u0131nlar insan say\u0131lm\u0131rd\u0131; \u00c7ox vaxt q\u0131zlara ad verilmir, «bir, iki, \u00fc\u00e7» deyirdil\u0259r. B\u00fct\u00fcn h\u0259yat\u0131 boyu bir insan\u0131n t\u0259siri v\u0259 s\u0259lahiyy\u0259tind\u0259 olmal\u0131 idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259d\u0259 XI \u0259sr\u0259d\u0259k \u0259rl\u0259r arvadlar\u0131n\u0131 sata bil\u0259rdil\u0259r. Xristianlar, qad\u0131na \u015feytan kimi bax\u0131rd\u0131lar. Yen\u0259 \u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259d\u0259, qad\u0131n «\u00e7irkli varl\u0131q» say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn M\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s Kitaba toxuna bilm\u0259zdi. Yaln\u0131z Henri d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 (1509-1547) qad\u0131nlar M\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s Kitab\u0131 oxumaq h\u00fcququna sahib oldular.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ngilis yepiskopu Dour, 1888-ci ild\u0259 Westminster kils\u0259sind\u0259 v\u0259\u0259z ed\u0259rk\u0259n s\u00f6yl\u0259diyi s\u00f6zl\u0259r: Y\u00fcz il \u0259vv\u0259l\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r qad\u0131nlar\u0131n ki\u015finin masas\u0131na oturmaq h\u00fcququ yox idi v\u0259 onun soru\u015fulmadan dan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyildi. \u018fri ba\u015f\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck bir zopa asard\u0131 v\u0259 arvad\u0131 \u0259mri yerin\u0259 yetirm\u0259dikd\u0259 bundan istifad\u0259 ed\u0259rdi. O\u011flanlar, analar\u0131na evd\u0259ki bir qulluq\u00e7u kimi baxard\u0131lar.»<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Q\u0259dim Romal\u0131lar evliliyi q\u0259bul etmirdil\u0259r, \u00e7\u00fcnki onlar qad\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn pisliyin anas\u0131 hesab edirdil\u0259r. \u018fg\u0259r qad\u0131n bir q\u0131z do\u011fubsa v\u0259 ya \u0259lil u\u015faq do\u011fubsa, \u0259rinin onu \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u0259k h\u00fcququ vard\u0131. \u018fri \u00f6ld\u00fckd\u0259, onlara miras qalmazd\u0131. Bir qad\u0131n\u0131n ev i\u015fl\u0259rin\u0259 laqeyd yana\u015fmas\u0131 bo\u015fanma s\u0259b\u0259bi hesab olunurdu. M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 getm\u0259k v\u0259 ifad\u0259 verm\u0259k qad\u0131na qada\u011fan edilmi\u015fdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130randa qan\u0131 pozmamaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yax\u0131n qohumlarla evlilik m\u0259qs\u0259d\u0259uy\u011fun hesab edilirdi. Bu s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n d\u0259 analar\u0131 v\u0259 bac\u0131lar\u0131 il\u0259 evl\u0259n\u0259nl\u0259r ortaya \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015fd\u0131 (X\u00fcsusil\u0259 Mazdeizm populyar olduqda).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cahiliyy\u0259 \u0259r\u0259bl\u0259rinin q\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131 diri-diri basd\u0131rmas\u0131 bir h\u0259qiq\u0259tdir. Q\u0131z sahibi olmaq \u015f\u0259r\u0259fsizlik say\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hind anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131nda evl\u0259nm\u0259yin \u0259sas m\u0259qs\u0259di atan\u0131n varisi ola bil\u0259c\u0259k bir \u00f6vlad sahibi olmaq v\u0259 atan\u0131n g\u00fcnahlar\u0131n\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015flamaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ail\u0259 dinini davam etdirm\u0259kdir. O\u011flan ail\u0259nin xo\u015fb\u0259xtliyi, q\u0131z is\u0259 f\u0259lak\u0259t hesab olunur. Bir ki\u015fi sonsuz olsayd\u0131, h\u0259yat yolda\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fqas\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259y\u0259 girm\u0259sin\u0259 icaz\u0259 ver\u0259rdi \u201d. Dul qad\u0131nlar yenid\u0259n evl\u0259n\u0259 bilm\u0259zdil\u0259r. \u00d6l\u0259n \u0259rinin axir\u0259td\u0259ki sevgiliy\u0259 ehtiyac\u0131 oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u0259r\u0259k qad\u0131nlar yand\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. \u00d6l\u0259n \u0259rinin \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 yand\u0131r\u0131lan qad\u0131n sadiq v\u0259 h\u00f6rm\u0259tli bir z\u00f6vqc\u0259 say\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10. Abbasil\u0259r d\u00f6vl\u0259tind\u0259ki t\u00fcrk qad\u0131nlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrk qad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n tarixd\u0259n g\u0259tirdiyi bu geni\u015f s\u0259lahiyy\u0259t, \u00e7ox \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli bir yer v\u0259 status, \u0130slama ke\u00e7id d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 onu \u0259lam\u0259tdar bir v\u0259ziyy\u0259t\u0259 g\u0259tirir. \u0130slam-\u0259r\u0259b d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rinin ad\u0259t etm\u0259diyi b\u0259zi hadis\u0259l\u0259r oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu maraql\u0131 hadis\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n biri d\u0259 b\u0259zi t\u00fcrk qad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259r\u0259b-islam d\u00f6vl\u0259ti olan Abbasi d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin idar\u0259\u00e7iliyind\u0259 s\u00f6z sahibi olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Abbasil\u0259r d\u00f6vl\u0259tind\u0259ki t\u00fcrk qad\u0131nlar\u0131ndan biri v\u0259 birincisi Meracil xatun idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meracil xatun il\u0259 birlikd\u0259, Abbasil\u0259r saray\u0131ndak\u0131 t\u00fcrk qad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n f\u0259aliyy\u0259tl\u0259ri ba\u015flad\u0131. Meracil xatundan sonra xat\u0131rlanacaq dig\u0259r bir qad\u0131n Maride xatundur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dig\u0259r bir misal, C\u0259f\u0259r \u0259l-M\u00fckt\u0259d Billah\u0131n anas\u0131 \u015eaqab Xatunun 25 il d\u00f6vl\u0259ti idar\u0259 etm\u0259sidi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu qad\u0131nlar\u0131n inan\u0131lmaz bir s\u0259rv\u0259ti var idi. Onlar v\u0259zirl\u0259rin t\u0259yin olunmas\u0131ndan m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n qanunlar\u0131n q\u00fcvv\u0259y\u0259 minm\u0259sin\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r t\u0259sirli ola bilirdil\u0259r. Bunlar\u0131 ed\u0259 bilm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bir siyasi z\u0259ka v\u0259 t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259 t\u0259l\u0259b olundu\u011fundan, asanl\u0131qla bu qad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00f6nc\u0259d\u0259n bu x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 sahib oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u0259m\u0259k olar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130slam\u0131n q\u0259bulu v\u0259 onun T\u00fcrk c\u0259miyy\u0259tinin h\u0259yat\u0131na t\u0259siri ara\u015fd\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131qda, t\u0259kc\u0259 t\u00fcrkl\u0259rin dini inanclar\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259di, c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259ki siyasi v\u0259 sosial d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r d\u0259 ortaya \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131. \u0130slamdan sonra t\u00fcrk xalqlar\u0131 ad\u0259t v\u0259 \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rini qoruma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fark\u0259n \u0259r\u0259b, fars v\u0259 sonrak\u0131 d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259 Bizans m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tinin t\u0259sirin\u0259 m\u0259ruz qald\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

11. B\u00f6y\u00fck S\u0259lcuqlu d\u00f6vl\u0259tind\u0259ki qad\u0131nlar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lk m\u00fcs\u0259lman T\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rinin s\u00fclal\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 m\u0259nsub qad\u0131nlar, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 siyasi v\u0259 inzibati h\u0259yatda a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131 qorudular v\u0259 zaman-zaman ehtiyaclar\u0131n\u0131 yerin\u0259 yetirdil\u0259r. S\u0259lcuqlu qad\u0131nlar\u0131n bir hiss\u0259si sarayda deyil, m\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti v\u0259 ya daimi ba\u015fqa bir \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259 saraylarda qald\u0131lar. Sultanla birlikd\u0259 ya\u015fasa da, xatunun ixtiyar\u0131nda ki\u00e7ik bir inzibati v\u0259 h\u0259rbi bir t\u0259\u015fkilat, x\u00fcsusi bir x\u0259zin\u0259, x\u00fcsusi v\u0259zir v\u0259 dig\u0259r s\u0259lahiyy\u0259tlil\u0259r vard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Laz\u0131m g\u0259l\u0259nd\u0259 yerl\u0259rini t\u0259rk edib sultan\u0131n k\u00f6m\u0259yin\u0259 ged\u0259 bil\u0259rdil\u0259r. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, Tu\u011frul b\u0259y \u00f6gey qarda\u015f\u0131 \u0130brahim Yinal t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n H\u0259m\u0259dan \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 m\u00fchasir\u0259y\u0259 al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman Tu\u011frul b\u0259yin h\u0259yat yolda\u015f\u0131 Altuncan xatunun \u0259mrind\u0259ki O\u011fuzlarla Ba\u011fdadda olan h\u0259yat yolda\u015f\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6m\u0259yin\u0259 getdiyi m\u0259lumdur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Terken kimi tan\u0131nan bu xatunlar\u0131n \u00f6z yataqlar\u0131, divan t\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131, \u0259sg\u0259rl\u0259ri v\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli g\u0259lirl\u0259ri olan x\u0259zin\u0259l\u0259ri var idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130slam d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259ki \u0130slam c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259ri v\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259ki qad\u0131nlar ictimai h\u0259yatda \u00f6z haqlar\u0131n\u0131 qorudular v\u0259 davam etdirdil\u0259r. Ana ail\u0259d\u0259 n\u00fcfuzludur v\u0259 fikirl\u0259ri n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ancaq Anadoluya g\u0259ldikd\u0259n sonra d\u00f6vl\u0259t sistemind\u0259 b\u0259zi d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r edildi. B\u00f6y\u00fck S\u0259lcuqlularda oldu\u011fu kimi, b\u00f6y\u00fck torpaq par\u00e7alar\u0131 iqta kimi verilm\u0259di, inzibati i\u015fl\u0259rd\u0259 qad\u0131nlar\u0131n rolu minimuma endirildi, q\u0259bil\u0259l\u0259r bu torpaqlarda i\u015fxan olaraq par\u00e7alanma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131 v\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin r\u0259smi dili fars dili oldu (Nizam\u00fclm\u00fclk\u00fcn \u0259m\u0259yi \u00f6z b\u0259hr\u0259sini verdi-red.<\/em><\/strong>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

12. Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mperiyas\u0131nda qad\u0131n<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qurulu\u015f d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 sultanlar\u0131n h\u0259yat yolda\u015flar\u0131 c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259n ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f saraylarda ya\u015fam\u0131rd\u0131lar. H\u0259yat yolda\u015flar\u0131 kimi, onlar da ictimai-siyasi h\u0259yatda i\u015ftirak edirdil\u0259r. Sultan\u0131n h\u0259yat yolda\u015flar\u0131 yad ki\u015fil\u0259rl\u0259 qa\u00e7-k\u00f6\u00e7 olmadan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fm\u0259k azadl\u0131\u011f\u0131na sahib idil\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, Orhan b\u0259yin h\u0259yat yolda\u015f\u0131 Nil\u00fcfer xatun \u015eimali Afrika s\u0259yyah\u0131 \u0130bn Battutaya m\u00fcalic\u0259 v\u0259 t\u0259rifl\u0259r vermi\u015fdi. M\u00fcs\u0259lman Nilufer xatun, Bursa \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 bir imar\u0259t, m\u0259scid v\u0259 bir \u00e7ay \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 k\u00f6rp\u00fc in\u015fa etmi\u015fdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sultan I Murad\u0131n q\u0131z\u0131 M\u0259l\u0259k xatun v\u0259 ya S\u0259lcuq xatun erk\u0259n Osmanl\u0131 siyas\u0259tind\u0259 i\u015ftirak etmi\u015fdil\u0259r. Qanuni d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 v\u0259 ondan sonrak\u0131 d\u00f6vrd\u0259 Hurrem Sultan v\u0259 ya Mihrimah sultan, Esma sultanlar\u0131n t\u0259siri \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259siz ki, d\u00f6vl\u0259td\u0259 g\u00fccl\u00fc olub.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131 saray\u0131nda qad\u0131nlar\u0131n n\u00fcfuz u\u011frunda m\u00fcbariz\u0259y\u0259 girm\u0259si h\u0259tta tarixi bir h\u0259qiq\u0259tdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

13. Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mperiyas\u0131nda Qad\u0131n T\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qurulu\u015f d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u0259n vacib t\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131ndan biri d\u0259 m\u0259skunla\u015fma f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti il\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olan qad\u0131nlar\u0131n daxil oldu\u011fu Bac\u0131yan-\u0131 Rum t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131 idi. Bu m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259 \u018fxil\u0259r kimi m\u00fcxt\u0259lif lojalar a\u00e7d\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qanuni d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u0259 aid Hakani qeydl\u0259rind\u0259, Hinge Kitab\u0131n\u0131n 718-ci hiss\u0259sind\u0259ki 63, 74, 32, 81 n\u00f6mr\u0259li s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259rd\u0259 \u201cK\u0131z Bac\u0131\u201d, «Sakari xatun\u201d, \u201cHac\u0131 Fatma Zaviyesi eri\u201d kimi zaviye \u015feyxl\u0259rind\u0259n n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259r verilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bac\u0131yan-\u0131 Rum t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131ndak\u0131 qad\u0131nlara, \u018fxilikd\u0259 oldu\u011fu kimi ki\u015fil\u0259r\u0259 «\u0259lin\u0259-belin\u0259-dilin\u0259 sahib ol» kimi t\u00f6vsiy\u0259 verilmi\u015fdi. Bac\u0131yan-\u0131 Rum t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131ndak\u0131 qad\u0131nlara da «a\u015f\u0131na-i\u015fin\u0259-e\u015fin\u0259 sahib ol» n\u0259sih\u0259ti verilirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

14. Bu g\u00fcnk\u00fc T\u00fcrk c\u0259miyy\u0259tind\u0259 qad\u0131nlar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Min ill\u0259r davam ed\u0259n mac\u0259ran\u0131n son n\u00f6qt\u0259si …<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8 Mart Beyn\u0259lxalq Qad\u0131nlar G\u00fcn\u00fcnd\u0259, S\u0259yyar Ara\u015fd\u0131rma \u015eirk\u0259tinin apard\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015fd\u0131rmaya g\u00f6r\u0259:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qad\u0131nlar\u0131n y\u00fczd\u0259 75-i, «H\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131zdan m\u0259mnuns\u0131n\u0131z» sual\u0131na «yox» cavab\u0131n\u0131 ver\u0259rk\u0259n, y\u00fczd\u0259 42-i h\u0259yat yolda\u015f\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n cinsi \u0259laq\u0259 ist\u0259m\u0259diyi halda buna m\u0259cbur edilir. Evl\u0259n\u0259n qad\u0131nlar\u0131n yaln\u0131z 36 faizi ist\u0259diyi \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259 v\u0259 ist\u0259kl\u0259 evl\u0259nir …<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Son s\u00f6z:<\/strong> T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259 qad\u0131n olmaq, \u015fidd\u0259tin h\u0259r c\u00fcr\u00fcn\u0259 m\u0259ruz qalaraq d\u00fcnya statistikalar\u0131na ilk s\u0131ralar\u0131 almaq da olar, ana sif\u0259tiyl\u0259 ta\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015f Torpaq kimi b\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tli olmaq da. Qad\u0131n olmaq, ham\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fuldu\u011fu zaman h\u0259r k\u0259sin s\u0259ssiz qalmas\u0131 v\u0259 yuva qurma m\u0259suliyy\u0259tini da\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 da biridir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259 qad\u0131n olmaq, b\u0259rab\u0259rlikd\u0259n b\u0259hs edinc\u0259 «\u00e7irkin feminist» dey\u0259 t\u0259hqir olunmaq, \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc ifad\u0259 ed\u0259nd\u0259 «y\u00fcng\u00fcl \u0259xlaql\u0131»l\u0131qda su\u00e7lanmakd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259 qad\u0131n, \u0259c\u0259misi oldu\u011fumuz bir s\u00f6z. \u018fks\u0259riyy\u0259tin qad\u0131n b\u0259d\u0259nind\u0259n utanmas\u0131 bir yana, qad\u0131n dem\u0259kd\u0259n utan\u0131r b\u0259zil\u0259ri, dilimizd\u0259 «bayan\u201c \u0259n n\u0259zak\u0259tli bir s\u00f6zd\u00fcr. B\u0259lk\u0259 daha s\u0259mimisi el\u0259 «bac\u0131» k\u0259lm\u0259sidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al\u0131nt\u0131: Selim Sar\u0131soy<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Aybike Sertta\u015f 14 madd\u0259d\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259ti idar\u0259 ed\u0259n, bu g\u00fcn \u00f6z evl\u0259rin\u0259 h\u0259bs etm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan t\u00fcrk qad\u0131nlar\u0131 \u0130slamdan \u0259vv\u0259lki T\u00fcrkl\u0259r haqq\u0131nda m\u0259lumat e.\u0259. 4000-4500 ill\u0259r\u0259d\u0259k<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13623","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tarix"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13623","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=13623"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13623\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13630,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13623\/revisions\/13630"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=13623"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=13623"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=13623"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}