{"id":14102,"date":"2020-08-28T04:15:49","date_gmt":"2020-08-28T00:15:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=14102"},"modified":"2020-08-28T20:00:35","modified_gmt":"2020-08-28T16:00:35","slug":"geosiyas%c9%99t-ziddiyy%c9%99tl%c9%99r-v%c9%99-x%c9%99yan%c9%99tl%c9%99r","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=14102","title":{"rendered":"GEOS\u0130YAS\u018fT: Z\u0130DD\u0130YY\u018fTL\u018fR V\u018f X\u018fYAN\u018fTL\u018fR"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

I H\u0130SS\u018f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u0130K\u0130NQL\u018fR AZ\u018fRBAYCANDA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

AZ\u018fRBAYCANDA H\u018fYATLARINI \u0130T\u0130RM\u0130\u015e K\u0130YEV KNYAZLARI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Araz \u015e\u0259hrilinin \u201cS\u0259f\u0259vil\u0259r: paralell\u0259r, ehtimallar, h\u0259qiq\u0259tl\u0259r…\u201d \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259ki faktlar \u0259sas\u0131nda<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rusiya\u2013\u0130ran m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n dan\u0131\u015fark\u0259n yada I Pyotrun X\u0259z\u0259ryan\u0131 vilay\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, G\u00fcl\u00fcstan v\u0259 T\u00fcrkm\u0259n\u00e7ay m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259ri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Halbuki bu iki m\u0259kan aras\u0131nda m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rin tarixi \u0259n az\u0131 e.\u0259. VII \u0259srd\u0259n \u2013 skifl\u0259rin Midiyaya y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015fl\u0259ri d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259n ba\u015flay\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IX\u2013XIII \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 indiki Rusiya \u0259razisind\u0259 g\u00fccl\u00fc m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f d\u00f6vl\u0259t yox idi. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 \u015eimal (Rusiya) il\u0259 C\u0259nub (\u0130ran) aras\u0131nda geosiyasi m\u00fcbariz\u0259 s\u0259ngimi\u015fdi. Lakin s\u0259rh\u0259d b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015fl\u0259r v\u0259 basq\u0131nlar davam edirdi. B\u0259zi hallarda bu h\u00fccumlar\u0131 adi qar\u0259t\u00e7ilik niyy\u0259tl\u0259ri deyil, \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n daxilind\u0259ki ziddiyy\u0259tl\u0259r do\u011fururdu.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sovet tarix\u00e7isi L.Qumilyov yaz\u0131r: \u201cX\u0259z\u0259r d\u0259nizinin c\u0259nub sahill\u0259rind\u0259 ya\u015fayan deyl\u0259mil\u0259r 842-ci ild\u0259 \u0130slam dinini onun \u015fi\u0259 formas\u0131nda q\u0259bul etdil\u0259r. 867-ci ild\u0259 onlar \u018fl\u0259vil\u0259rin bayra\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda Abbasil\u0259r\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 \u00fcsyan qald\u0131rd\u0131lar. 872-ci ild\u0259 Seyid H\u0259s\u0259nin ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q etdiyi deyl\u0259mil\u0259r Qurqan vilay\u0259tini, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 Q\u0259zvin v\u0259 Rey \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rini \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irib xilaf\u0259t \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn real t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7evrildil\u0259r\u201d. Ehtimala g\u00f6r\u0259, 872\u2013880-ci ill\u0259r aras\u0131nda X\u0259z\u0259r xaqan\u0131n\u0131n vassallar\u0131 olan Skandinaviya vikinql\u0259ri Deyl\u0259min sahill\u0259rin\u0259 h\u00fccum edib q\u0259tl v\u0259 qar\u0259t\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131lar. \u0130bn \u0130sf\u0259ndiyar bu bar\u0259d\u0259 q\u0131sa bir m\u0259lumat verir: \u201cSeyid H\u0259s\u0259n onlar\u0131n ham\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 q\u0131l\u0131ncdan ke\u00e7irdi\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ha\u015fiy\u0259.<\/strong> 725-ci ild\u0259n 1066-c\u0131 il\u0259d\u0259k Avrasiya m\u0259kan\u0131nda h\u0259m d\u0259niz ticar\u0259ti il\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olmu\u015f, h\u0259m d\u0259 sahilyan\u0131 ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 h\u0259rbi y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015fl\u0259r t\u0259\u015fkil etmi\u015f skandinaviyal\u0131lar \u00f6zl\u0259rini vikinq adland\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131lar. \u018fr\u0259bl\u0259r v\u0259 dig\u0259r m\u00fcasirl\u0259ri vikinql\u0259rin fiziki g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc, boylar\u0131n\u0131n ucal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, b\u0259d\u0259nl\u0259rinin m\u00f6hk\u0259mliyini, silahlar\u0131n\u0131n keyfiyy\u0259tini, d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f zaman\u0131 qorxmaz v\u0259 amans\u0131z olduqlar\u0131n\u0131 x\u00fcsusi qeyd etmi\u015fl\u0259r. Onlar h\u00fccuma ke\u00e7\u0259nd\u0259 inadla d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr, m\u00fcdafi\u0259 olunanda is\u0259 sonad\u0259k vuru\u015fur, sava\u015f meydan\u0131ndan qa\u00e7m\u0131rd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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862-ci ild\u0259 danimarkal\u0131 konunq (knyaz) Hr\u00f6rek (rus tarix\u015f\u00fcnasl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Ryurik) \u015f\u0259rqi slavyanlar\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 tabe etdi. 879-cu ild\u0259 o, \u00f6ld\u00fc v\u0259 hakimiyy\u0259t ba\u015f\u0131na o\u011flu \u0130nqvar (rus tarix\u015f\u00fcnasl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u0130qor), \u0259slind\u0259 is\u0259, \u0130nqvar\u0131n regenti Helqi (rus tarix\u015f\u00fcnasl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Oleq) ke\u00e7di. Q\u0259dim rus salnam\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, Helqi 912-ci ild\u0259, \u0130nqvar is\u0259 945-ci ild\u0259 h\u0259lak olmu\u015fdur. Bel\u0259 bir r\u0259vay\u0259t var ki, Helqini z\u0259h\u0259rli ilan \u00e7al\u0131b \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f, \u0130nqvar is\u0259 drevlyanlar (slavyan tayfas\u0131) t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n q\u0259tl\u0259 yetirilmi\u015fdir. Amma maraql\u0131d\u0131r ki, h\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7 knyaz\u0131n \u2013 h\u0259m Hr\u00f6rekin (879-cu il), h\u0259m Helqinin (912-ci il), h\u0259m d\u0259 \u0130nqvar\u0131n (945-ci il) \u00f6l\u00fcm tarixl\u0259ri vikinql\u0259rin Az\u0259rbaycana u\u011fursuz y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015fl\u0259rinin tarixl\u0259ri (872\u2013880-ci, 913-c\u00fc v\u0259 944-c\u00fc ill\u0259r) il\u0259 \u00fcst-\u00fcst\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kiyev Rus d\u00f6vl\u0259tini qurmu\u015f vikinql\u0259r 862-ci ild\u0259n 965-ci il\u0259d\u0259k x\u0259z\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131 olmu\u015flar. H\u0259min ild\u0259 \u0130nqvar\u0131n o\u011flu Svietoslav (rus tarix\u015f\u00fcnasl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Svyatoslav) X\u0259z\u0259ristana h\u00fccum etmi\u015f, q\u0259fil z\u0259rb\u0259d\u0259n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259 bilm\u0259y\u0259n X\u0259z\u0259r xaqanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcquta u\u011fram\u0131\u015fd\u0131.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seyid H\u0259s\u0259nin vikinql\u0259r \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 z\u0259f\u0259rind\u0259n sonra \u018fl\u0259vil\u0259rl\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259ni Abbasi x\u0259lif\u0259sinin formal vassal\u0131 olan Xorasan \u0259miri \u0130smay\u0131l Samani davam etdirdi. L.Qumilyov: \u201c900-c\u00fc ild\u0259 ba\u015f vermi\u015f d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fd\u0259 o, \u015fi\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 qalib g\u0259ldi (Seyid H\u0259s\u0259n sava\u015f meydan\u0131nda h\u0259lak oldu). \u015ei\u0259 d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259ri X\u0259z\u0259r sahill\u0259rind\u0259ki da\u011fl\u0131q \u0259razil\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7\u0259kildil\u0259r, lakin silahl\u0131 m\u00fcbariz\u0259ni dayand\u0131rmad\u0131lar. Samanil\u0259r onlara h\u0259lledici z\u0259rb\u0259ni vurub m\u00fcharib\u0259nin taleyini bird\u0259f\u0259lik h\u0259ll ed\u0259 bilmirdil\u0259r. \u00c7\u00fcnki Samani d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin g\u0259mil\u0259ri yox idi. Deyl\u0259mi t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259si is\u0259 h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 sovu\u015fmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131. M\u0259hz bel\u0259 bir zamanda X\u0259z\u0259r d\u0259nizind\u0259 yenid\u0259n vikinql\u0259rin g\u0259mil\u0259ri g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc. 909\u2013910-cu ill\u0259rd\u0259 deyl\u0259mil\u0259rl\u0259 vikinql\u0259r aras\u0131nda n\u00f6vb\u0259ti toqqu\u015fmalar ba\u015f verdi\u201d. \u0130bn \u0130sf\u0259ndiyar qeyd edir ki, \u201cdeyl\u0259mil\u0259r gec\u0259 sahil\u0259 g\u0259lib g\u0259mil\u0259ri yand\u0131rd\u0131lar, quruda olan vikinql\u0259ri q\u0259tl\u0259 yetirdil\u0259r. Xilas olub geri \u00e7\u0259kil\u0259nl\u0259ri is\u0259 yolda \u015eirvan\u015fah\u0131n adamlar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fcl\u0259r. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, onlardan bir n\u0259f\u0259r d\u0259 sa\u011f qalmad\u0131\u201d. Skandinaviyal\u0131lar m\u0259\u011flub olsalar da, m\u00fcharib\u0259nin \u0259sas m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259si h\u0259l\u0259 qabaqda idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

913-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Seyid Utru\u015f adl\u0131 \u0259mirin r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi alt\u0131nda birl\u0259\u015fmi\u015f \u015fi\u0259 d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259ri x\u0259lif\u0259nin m\u00fctt\u0259fiql\u0259rinin v\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259fdarlar\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259rbi q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259rini h\u0259m Deyl\u0259min, h\u0259m d\u0259 T\u0259b\u0259ristan\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n vurub \u00e7\u0131xard\u0131lar. Deyl\u0259mi h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131 yenid\u0259n g\u00fccl\u0259nm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131. El\u0259 h\u0259min ild\u0259 vikinql\u0259rin X\u0259z\u0259ryan\u0131 \u0259razil\u0259r\u0259 \u0259n irimiqyasl\u0131 h\u00fccumu h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irildi. Bu art\u0131q t\u0259sad\u00fcf\u0259, adi qar\u0259t\u00e7ilik y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u0259 b\u0259nz\u0259mirdi. H\u0259r birind\u0259 t\u0259xmin\u0259n 100 d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00e7\u00fc olan 500 \u201cdrakar\u201d (vikinql\u0259rin d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f g\u0259misi) Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n indiki L\u0259nk\u0259ran v\u0259 Astara rayonlar\u0131n\u0131n sahill\u0259rin\u0259 yax\u0131nla\u015fd\u0131. Sar\u0131 adas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zl\u0259rinin \u0259sas bazalar\u0131ndan birin\u0259 \u00e7evir\u0259n skandinaviyal\u0131lar sahilyan\u0131 ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 h\u00fccum etdil\u0259r. Sahil\u0259 yax\u0131n k\u0259ndl\u0259r yand\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131, sahild\u0259n bir q\u0259d\u0259r aral\u0131da yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 s\u00fcvari vikinql\u0259rin basq\u0131nlar\u0131 ba\u015fland\u0131. Lakin ald\u0131qlar\u0131 ilk z\u0259rb\u0259d\u0259n sonra \u00f6zl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259n m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar v\u0259t\u0259nl\u0259rinin v\u0259 ail\u0259l\u0259rinin m\u00fcdafi\u0259sin\u0259 qalxd\u0131lar. Skandinaviyal\u0131lardan daha d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fk\u0259n olan deyl\u0259mil\u0259r d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259n\u0259 \u015fidd\u0259tli m\u00fcqavim\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rib onun sahilboyu m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 m\u00f6hk\u0259ml\u0259nm\u0259sin\u0259 imkan verm\u0259dil\u0259r. Bir ne\u00e7\u0259 ay davam etmi\u015f m\u00fcharib\u0259d\u0259 15 min n\u0259f\u0259r\u0259 yax\u0131n vikinq \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. M\u0259\u011flub olub geri qay\u0131dan skandinaviyal\u0131lar \u015eirvan sahill\u0259rind\u0259ki ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f m\u0259nt\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 h\u0259ml\u0259 edib ki\u015fil\u0259ri q\u0259tl\u0259 yetirdil\u0259r, qad\u0131nlar\u0131 v\u0259 u\u015faqlar\u0131 is\u0259 \u0259sir ald\u0131lar. Bu hadis\u0259 xaqan\u0131n m\u00fcs\u0259lman t\u00fcrkl\u0259rd\u0259n ibar\u0259t olan qvardiyas\u0131n\u0131 h\u00f6vs\u0259l\u0259d\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xard\u0131. G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr, vikinql\u0259rin ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015fd\u0259n \u0259vv\u0259l X\u0259z\u0259r xaqan\u0131na s\u00f6z veribmi\u015f ki, onlar Deyl\u0259md\u0259n \u015fimalda ya\u015fayan m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlara z\u0259r\u0259r vurmayacaqlar. T\u00fcrk qvardiya\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 Bak\u0131da v\u0259 \u015eirvanda \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar\u0131n qisas\u0131n\u0131 almaq \u015f\u00fcar\u0131 alt\u0131nda vikinql\u0259rl\u0259 sava\u015fa girdil\u0259r. M\u00fcs\u0259lman t\u00fcrkl\u0259rin v\u0259 onlara qo\u015fulmu\u015f yerli xristianlar\u0131n say\u0131 15\u201320 min n\u0259f\u0259r, vikinql\u0259rin say\u0131 is\u0259 35 min n\u0259f\u0259r olsa da, t\u00fcrkl\u0259r d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259ni darmada\u011f\u0131n etdil\u0259r. 30 min skandinaviyal\u0131 da bu sava\u015fda h\u0259lak oldu. D\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f meydan\u0131ndan sa\u011f \u00e7\u0131xa bilmi\u015f 5 min vikinqi is\u0259 \u0130til (Volqa) \u00e7ay\u0131n\u0131n sahill\u0259rind\u0259 bulqar t\u00fcrkl\u0259ri v\u0259 burtaslar q\u0259tl\u0259 yetirdil\u0259r. X\u0259z\u0259r m\u0259nb\u0259sinin m\u0259lumat\u0131na \u0259sas\u0259n, 913-c\u00fc il y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f\u00fc zaman\u0131 vikinql\u0259rin r\u0259hb\u0259ri Helg\u00fc d\u0259 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. H\u0259min il skandinaviyal\u0131lar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259sl f\u0259lak\u0259t ili oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vikinql\u0259rl\u0259 deyl\u0259mil\u0259r aras\u0131nda m\u00fcharib\u0259l\u0259rin s\u0259b\u0259bin\u0259 g\u0259linc\u0259, L.Qumilyov yaz\u0131r: \u201c872-ci ild\u0259 Q\u0259zvin v\u0259 Rey \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rinin deyl\u0259mil\u0259rin \u0259lin\u0259 ke\u00e7m\u0259si x\u0259z\u0259r y\u0259hudil\u0259rini (iudaizm dinini q\u0259bul etmi\u015f x\u0259z\u0259r t\u00fcrkl\u0259rini) \u0259lveri\u015fli karvan yolundan m\u0259hrum etdiyin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 X\u0259z\u0259ristan\u0131n y\u0259hudi \u00e7ar\u0131 (iudaizmi q\u0259bul etmi\u015f t\u00fcrk b\u0259yi) m\u0259cbur idi ki, \u015fi\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 m\u00fcharib\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flas\u0131n\u201d. Lakin m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 buras\u0131ndad\u0131r ki, L.Qumilyovun f\u0259rziyy\u0259si yaln\u0131z 872\u2013880-ci ill\u0259r aras\u0131nda ba\u015f vermi\u015f m\u00fcharib\u0259nin m\u0259qs\u0259dini izah ed\u0259 bil\u0259r. \u00c7\u00fcnki Samani ordusu s\u00f6z\u00fcged\u0259n \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259ri h\u0259l\u0259 900-c\u00fc ild\u0259 geri alm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 bel\u0259likl\u0259, b\u00f6lg\u0259d\u0259 872-ci ild\u0259n \u0259vv\u0259lki \u015f\u0259rait b\u0259rq\u0259rar edilmi\u015fdi. Bu is\u0259 o dem\u0259kdir ki, 913-c\u00fc il m\u00fcharib\u0259sinin, b\u00f6y\u00fck ehtimalla, ba\u015fqa bir motivi olmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Natiq R\u0259himovun \u201c\u0130slam tarixi\u201d \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rilir ki, \u201cAbbasil\u0259r v\u0259 Samanil\u0259r Deyl\u0259md\u0259n Az\u0259rbaycana, buradan is\u0259 Da\u011f\u0131stana ke\u00e7\u0259r\u0259k \u015fimala istiqam\u0259tl\u0259n\u0259n ticar\u0259t yolunun z\u0259ifl\u0259yib iflic v\u0259ziyy\u0259tin\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259sind\u0259 v\u0259 \u0259ksin\u0259, Xar\u0259zmd\u0259n X\u0259z\u0259r d\u0259nizinin \u015f\u0259rq sahill\u0259rin\u0259, oradan is\u0259 d\u0259niz vasit\u0259si il\u0259 \u015fimala do\u011fru uzanan mar\u015frutun inki\u015faf etdirilm\u0259sind\u0259 maraql\u0131 idil\u0259r\u201d. Ayd\u0131nd\u0131r ki, Abbasi x\u0259lif\u0259si v\u0259 Samanil\u0259r deyl\u0259mil\u0259rin g\u0259lir m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rini k\u0259sm\u0259k ist\u0259yirdil\u0259r. H\u0259r bir ordu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn vacib olan iki m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 vard\u0131r: ideologiya v\u0259 pul. \u018fg\u0259r deyl\u0259mi<\/strong> \u0259mirl\u0259ri \u00f6z d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259rin\u0259 maa\u015f ver\u0259 bilm\u0259s\u0259ydil\u0259r, onlar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u00f6r\u0259dil\u0259c\u0259k qar\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 dig\u0259r cinay\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6z yummal\u0131 olacaqd\u0131lar. Maa\u015f \u00f6d\u0259m\u0259m\u0259kl\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, soy\u011fun\u00e7ulu\u011fa da icaz\u0259 verm\u0259s\u0259ydil\u0259r h\u0259rb\u00e7il\u0259rin \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259tini d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fm\u0259k stimulundan m\u0259hrum ed\u0259c\u0259kdil\u0259r. \u018fmirl\u0259r talan\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011fa m\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti bir hal kimi d\u0259 yana\u015fa bilm\u0259zdil\u0259r. \u00c7\u00fcnki onlar anlamal\u0131 idil\u0259r ki, qar\u0259tl\u0259 dolanan \u0259sg\u0259r \u0259vv\u0259l-ax\u0131r quldura, soy\u011fun\u00e7uluqla m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olan ordu is\u0259 gec-tez quldur d\u0259st\u0259sin\u0259 d\u00f6n\u0259r\u0259k \u0259halinin n\u0259z\u0259rind\u0259 h\u00f6rm\u0259tini v\u0259 legitimliyini itirir. Quldur d\u0259st\u0259si il\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 aparmaq is\u0259 orduya qar\u015f\u0131 d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fm\u0259kd\u0259n daha asand\u0131r. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, Abbasil\u0259r v\u0259 Samanil\u0259r y\u00fcks\u0259k motivasiyal\u0131 deyl\u0259mi d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259rini adi quldurlara \u00e7evirm\u0259k ist\u0259yirdil\u0259r. Lakin deyl\u0259mi \u0259mirl\u0259ri quldurba\u015f\u0131 olmaq fikrind\u0259 deyildil\u0259r. Onlar\u0131n plan v\u0259 niyy\u0259tl\u0259ri daha m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b idi.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tarix\u00e7i F\u0259rda \u018fs\u0259dovun fikrinc\u0259, \u201cx\u0259z\u0259rl\u0259rin q\u00fcdr\u0259tli vaxtlar\u0131nda, ticar\u0259t yollar\u0131na n\u0259zar\u0259t ed\u0259 bildikl\u0259ri zamanlarda h\u0259r iki mar\u015frut onlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn eyni d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli olmu\u015fdur. IX \u0259srin sonu, X \u0259srin birinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda is\u0259, ticar\u0259t yollar\u0131na n\u0259zar\u0259t z\u0259ifl\u0259mi\u015fdi. X\u00fcsusi il\u0259 Xar\u0259zmd\u0259n ke\u00e7\u0259n ikinci mar\u015frut x\u0259z\u0259rl\u0259rin \u0259lind\u0259n getm\u0259k \u00fczr\u0259 idi\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qeyd olunanlar\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alaraq bu q\u0259na\u0259t\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259 bil\u0259rik ki, deyl\u0259mil\u0259r onlara g\u0259lir g\u0259tir\u0259n birinci ticar\u0259t yolunu he\u00e7 bir halda ba\u011flamazd\u0131lar. Dem\u0259li, m\u0259ntiql\u0259, 913-c\u00fc il m\u00fcharib\u0259si x\u0259z\u0259rl\u0259r\u0259 d\u0259 laz\u0131m deyildi. Bel\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr ki, X\u0259z\u0259r \u00e7ar\u0131n\u0131n Deyl\u0259m \u015fi\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 sava\u015fa ba\u015flamaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn, \u0259slind\u0259, ayd\u0131n bir b\u0259han\u0259si olmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. B\u0259s h\u0259min y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn \u0259sl s\u0259b\u0259bi n\u0259 idi? Bu sual\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn cavab\u0131 b\u0259hsimizin sonundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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B\u0259rd\u0259y\u0259 h\u00fccum<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

944-c\u00fc ild\u0259 vikinql\u0259rin Az\u0259rbaycana n\u00f6vb\u0259ti y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ba\u015f verdi. H\u0259min vaxt Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131 Deyl\u0259md\u0259n olan Salaril\u0259r s\u00fclal\u0259si idar\u0259 edirdi. Bu s\u00fclal\u0259nin dig\u0259r ad\u0131 K\u0259ng\u0259ril\u0259r idi. Ehtimala g\u00f6r\u0259, konunq \u0130nqvar\u0131n ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q etdiyi, t\u0259xmin\u0259n 3\u20134 min vikinq g\u0259mil\u0259rl\u0259 X\u0259z\u0259r d\u0259nizind\u0259n K\u00fcr \u00e7ay\u0131na ke\u00e7ib \u00f6lk\u0259nin i\u00e7\u0259ril\u0259rin\u0259 do\u011fru \u00fczd\u00fc. Onlar\u0131n h\u0259d\u0259fi B\u0259rd\u0259 idi. \u015e\u0259h\u0259r 300 n\u0259f\u0259ri deyl\u0259mi olan 600 h\u0259rb\u00e7i t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n qorunurdu. D\u00fc\u015fm\u0259nin yax\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 bar\u0259d\u0259 x\u0259b\u0259r al\u0131nan kimi qarnizonun d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259ri v\u0259 5 min k\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc \u201c\u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f qonaqlar\u0131\u201d qar\u015f\u0131lama\u011fa \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131. Amma qeyri-nizami d\u0259st\u0259l\u0259r vikinql\u0259rin ilk h\u0259ml\u0259si qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda duru\u015f g\u0259tirm\u0259yib qa\u00e7d\u0131lar. Yaln\u0131z deyl\u0259mi d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259ri sonad\u0259k vuru\u015fub h\u0259lak oldular. Vikinql\u0259r B\u0259rd\u0259ni tutduqdan sonra \u015f\u0259h\u0259r camaat\u0131na bel\u0259 bir q\u0259rib\u0259 m\u00fcraci\u0259t etdil\u0259r: \u201cSizinl\u0259 bizim aram\u0131zda he\u00e7 bir dini problem yoxdur. Bizim borcumuz sizi yax\u015f\u0131 idar\u0259 etm\u0259k, sizin borcunuz is\u0259 ita\u0259tkar olmaqd\u0131r\u201d. \u0130lk vaxtlarda vikinql\u0259r sakinl\u0259ri incitmirdil\u0259r. Amma Salari qo\u015funlar\u0131 il\u0259 m\u00fcnt\u0259z\u0259m d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fl\u0259r ba\u015flad\u0131qda b\u0259rd\u0259lil\u0259r k\u00fc\u00e7\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 t\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fc\u015f\u00fcb \u201cAllahu akbar\u201d q\u0131\u015fq\u0131raraq vikinql\u0259r\u0259 da\u015f atma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Skandinaviyal\u0131lar b\u0259rd\u0259lil\u0259r\u0259 n\u00f6vb\u0259ti d\u0259f\u0259 m\u00fcraci\u0259t etdil\u0259r: \u201c\u00d6z\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn v\u0259 biziml\u0259 hakimiyy\u0259tiniz aras\u0131nda m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 qar\u0131\u015fmay\u0131n!\u201d. Amma m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar bu x\u0259b\u0259rdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da qulaqard\u0131na vurdular. Bel\u0259 olduqda vikinql\u0259r onlara ail\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 birlikd\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri t\u0259rk etm\u0259l\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn vaxt verdil\u0259r. D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc g\u00fcn \u015fimall\u0131lar B\u0259rd\u0259d\u0259 qalm\u0131\u015f dinc \u0259halinin \u00e7ox hiss\u0259sini q\u0259tl\u0259 yetirib evl\u0259ri ya\u011fmalad\u0131lar. \u015e\u0259h\u0259r t\u0259xmin\u0259n alt\u0131 ay v\u0259 ya bir il onlar\u0131n \u0259lind\u0259 qald\u0131. Deyl\u0259mi h\u00f6kmdar\u0131 M\u0259rzban ibn Muh\u0259mm\u0259d b\u00f6y\u00fck qo\u015funla g\u0259lib vikinql\u0259ri m\u00fchasir\u0259y\u0259 ald\u0131. Xeyli d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00e7\u00fc itirdikd\u0259n sonra skandinaviyal\u0131lar gec\u0259l\u0259rin birind\u0259 B\u0259rd\u0259d\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xaraq salamat qalm\u0131\u015f g\u0259mil\u0259rin\u0259 minib g\u00f6zd\u0259n itdil\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

— S\u00f6z\u00fcged\u0259n d\u00f6vr\u00fcn hadis\u0259l\u0259rini t\u0259svir ed\u0259n Skandinaviya saqalar\u0131nda deyilir ki, konunq \u0130nqvar (\u0130qor) Serklanda (\u0130slam \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259) y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f etmi\u015f v\u0259 orada h\u0259lak olmu\u015fdur;<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

— X\u0259z\u0259r m\u0259nb\u0259sinin m\u0259lumat\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259, \u201cvikinql\u0259rin Helg\u00fc adl\u0131 \u00e7ar\u0131 (konungu) 940-c\u0131 v\u0259 ya 941-ci ild\u0259 X\u0259z\u0259r xaqan\u0131n\u0131n \u0259mri il\u0259 Bizans \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f etmi\u015f, lakin Konstantinopol (indiki \u0130stanbul) \u0259traf\u0131nda a\u011f\u0131r m\u0259\u011flubiyy\u0259t\u0259 u\u011frad\u0131qdan sonra \u0130rana yola d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f v\u0259 orada \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr. Onunla birlikd\u0259 d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259ri d\u0259 q\u0259tl\u0259 yetirilmi\u015fl\u0259r\u201d;<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

— Ibn Misk\u0259veyh yaz\u0131r ki, \u201cd\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fl\u0259rin birind\u0259 deyl\u0259mil\u0259r yalandan geri \u00e7\u0259kil\u0259r\u0259k d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259ni pusquya salm\u0131\u015f, orada vikinql\u0259rin ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 onun 700 adam\u0131n\u0131 m\u0259hv etmi\u015fdil\u0259r\u201d;<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

— Q\u0259dim rus salnam\u0259sin\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n, Kiyev Rusunun vikinq (rus tarix\u015f\u00fcnasl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda varyaq) konunqu \u0130nqvar\u0131n (knyaz \u0130qorun) 941-ci ild\u0259 Konstantinopola y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f\u00fc u\u011fursuz olmu\u015fdur. Konunq \u0130nqvar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm tarixi is\u0259 rus m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, 945-ci ildir.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bel\u0259likl\u0259, ayd\u0131n olur ki, x\u0259z\u0259rl\u0259rin Helg\u00fc, ruslar\u0131n is\u0259 \u0130qor adland\u0131rd\u0131qlar\u0131 \u015f\u0259xs Kiyev Rusunun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc vikinq konunqu \u0130nqvard\u0131r v\u0259 o, 944-c\u00fc v\u0259 ya 945-ci ild\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycanda h\u0259lak olmu\u015fdur. G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr, m\u00fchasir\u0259ni yard\u0131qdan sonra K\u00fcr \u00e7ay\u0131 il\u0259 h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t ed\u0259n vikinql\u0259r hans\u0131sa s\u0259b\u0259b\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 sahil\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 orada deyl\u0259mil\u0259rin, yaxud dig\u0259r d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259rin h\u00fccumuna m\u0259ruz qal\u0131b q\u0259tl\u0259 yetirilmi\u015fdil\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ha\u015fiy\u0259. X\u0259z\u0259r m\u00fc\u0259llifinin vikinql\u0259rin r\u0259hb\u0259rini Helg\u00fc adland\u0131rmas\u0131 ziddiyy\u0259tli g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u0259m\u0259lidir. B\u0259zi tarix\u00e7il\u0259r hesab edirl\u0259r ki, q\u0259dim skandinav dilind\u0259 \u201cm\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s\u201d anlam\u0131n\u0131 ifad\u0259 ed\u0259n \u201chelqi\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc, \u0259slind\u0259, konunq \u0130nqvar\u0131n l\u0259q\u0259bi v\u0259 ya titulu olmu\u015fdur. H\u0259min s\u00f6z bir ne\u00e7\u0259 dig\u0259r konunqun da ad\u0131n\u0131n \u0259vv\u0259lind\u0259 v\u0259 ya sonunda vard\u0131r. Z\u0259nnimizc\u0259, monqol dilind\u0259 \u201cc\u0259ngav\u0259r\u201d m\u0259nas\u0131n\u0131 ver\u0259n, \u0259r\u0259b dilind\u0259 is\u0259 motivasiya v\u0259 davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 bildir\u0259n \u201cxuluq\u201d s\u00f6zl\u0259ri il\u0259 q\u0259dim skandinav dilind\u0259ki \u201chelqi\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn m\u0259n\u015f\u0259yi eynidir. \u018fr\u0259b dilind\u0259ki \u201cxuluq\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn c\u0259mi Az\u0259rbaycan dilind\u0259 d\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259n\u0259n \u201c\u0259xlaq\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fcd\u00fcr. Yeri g\u0259lmi\u015fk\u0259n, e.\u0259. 95-85-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 h\u00f6kmdarl\u0131q etmi\u015f hun \u015fanyuyunun (xaqan\u0131n\u0131n) ad\u0131 Huluqu, \u00c7ingiz xan\u0131n n\u0259v\u0259sinin \u2013 Elxanil\u0259r d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin qurucusunun ad\u0131 is\u0259 X\u00fcleg\u00fc idi. Amma ola bilsin ki, bunlar t\u0259sad\u00fcfi b\u0259nz\u0259rlikl\u0259rdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

944-c\u00fc il y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn dig\u0259r maraql\u0131 c\u0259h\u0259ti odur ki, h\u0259min y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f \u0259r\u0259f\u0259sind\u0259 Salaril\u0259r Abbasi x\u0259lif\u0259sinin f\u0259al sur\u0259td\u0259 d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259diyi H\u0259mdanil\u0259r d\u00f6vl\u0259ti il\u0259 \u015fidd\u0259tli m\u00fcbariz\u0259 apar\u0131rd\u0131lar. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, vikinql\u0259rin bu y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f\u00fc d\u0259, \u0259slind\u0259, \u018fr\u0259b xilaf\u0259tinin d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259nl\u0259rin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u0259lmi\u015fdi. Yeri g\u0259lmi\u015fk\u0259n, H\u0259mdanil\u0259r d\u0259 deyl\u0259mil\u0259r kimi \u015fi\u0259 idil\u0259r. Amma bu onlar\u0131n s\u00fcnni Abbasil\u0259rl\u0259 birl\u0259\u015fib \u015fi\u0259 deyl\u0259mil\u0259rl\u0259 sava\u015fmalar\u0131na mane olmurdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ha\u015fiy\u0259. XIV \u0259srin m\u00fc\u0259llifi ibn X\u0259ldun B\u0259rd\u0259y\u0259 y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f etmi\u015f vikinql\u0259r haqq\u0131nda yaz\u0131r: \u201cOnlar, y\u0259ni ruslar Az\u0259rbaycanla s\u0259rh\u0259dd\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n torpaqlarda ya\u015fayan t\u00fcrk xalq\u0131d\u0131r\u201d. Bizans m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, \u201cruslar skif xalqlar\u0131ndan biridir\u201d. Ibn F\u0259dlan\u0131n q\u0259dim ruslar bar\u0259sind\u0259 yazd\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131 oxuduqda is\u0259 onlar\u0131n tipik skandinaviyal\u0131 olduqlar\u0131 q\u0259na\u0259tin\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259 bil\u0259rik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qeyd etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, IX\u2013X \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 \u201crus\u201d etnonimi indiki ruslar\u0131n \u0259cdadlar\u0131na deyil, skandinaviyal\u0131lar\u0131n bir hiss\u0259sin\u0259 aid idi. Bug\u00fcn d\u0259 finn v\u0259 eston dill\u0259rind\u0259 \u0130sve\u00e7 m\u00fcvafiq olaraq \u201cRuotsi\u201d v\u0259 \u201cRootsi\u201d, \u0130sve\u00e7 dili is\u0259 \u201cruotsin kieli\u201d v\u0259 \u201cRootsi keel\u201d adlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

945-ci ild\u0259 deyl\u0259mil\u0259rin dig\u0259r s\u00fclal\u0259si olan Buveyhil\u0259r Ba\u011fdad\u0131 \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irib Abbasi x\u0259lif\u0259sini \u00f6zl\u0259rind\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131 v\u0259ziyy\u0259t\u0259 sald\u0131lar. H\u0259min ild\u0259n X\u0259z\u0259r xaqanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcquta u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 965-ci il\u0259d\u0259k vikinql\u0259r Az\u0259rbaycana y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f etm\u0259dil\u0259r. L.Qumilyov bunu bel\u0259 izah edir: \u201cAbbasi x\u0259lif\u0259si deyl\u0259mil\u0259rin n\u0259zar\u0259ti alt\u0131nda oldu\u011funa g\u00f6r\u0259 X\u0259z\u0259r xaqan\u0131ndan yeni y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015fl\u0259rin t\u0259\u015fkil olunmas\u0131n\u0131 xahi\u015f ed\u0259 bilmirdi\u201d.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Birm\u0259nal\u0131 \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 iddia em\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259sas\u0131m\u0131z olmasa da, g\u00f6st\u0259ril\u0259nl\u0259ri n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alaraq bel\u0259 bir f\u0259rziyy\u0259 ir\u0259li s\u00fcr\u0259 bil\u0259rik ki, vikinql\u0259rin 913-c\u00fc v\u0259 944-c\u00fc il y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015fl\u0259ri Abbasi x\u0259lif\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 X\u0259z\u0259r \u00e7arlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda gizli raz\u0131la\u015fmalar\u0131n n\u0259tic\u0259si idi. B\u0259lk\u0259 d\u0259 Abbasil\u0259r v\u0259 Samanil\u0259r b\u00f6y\u00fck r\u00fc\u015fv\u0259t m\u00fcqabilind\u0259 x\u0259z\u0259r \u0259yanlar\u0131n\u0131 X\u0259z\u0259r d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin \u00f6z maraqlar\u0131na zidd olan bir add\u0131m atma\u011fa \u2013 vikinq donanmas\u0131n\u0131 Deyl\u0259m\u0259, sonra is\u0259 Salaril\u0259rin \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259rm\u0259y\u0259 raz\u0131 salm\u0131\u015fd\u0131lar. Amma bu hadis\u0259l\u0259r Abbasil\u0259rin \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131na son x\u0259yan\u0259tl\u0259ri deyildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ha\u015fiy\u0259. 945-ci ild\u0259n 1055-ci il\u0259d\u0259k xilaf\u0259ti deyl\u0259mil\u0259rin Buveyh xan\u0259dan\u0131 idar\u0259 etmi\u015fdir. Lakin deyl\u0259mil\u0259r Abbasil\u0259r s\u00fclal\u0259sini formal olaraq tan\u0131y\u0131b onu xilaf\u0259t k\u00fcrs\u00fcs\u00fcnd\u0259n salmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131lar. B\u0259zi m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, Ba\u011fdad \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 ilk A\u015fura m\u0259rasiml\u0259ri m\u0259hz Buveyhil\u0259rin zaman\u0131nda ke\u00e7irilmi\u015fdir. \u00dcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259 is\u0259 deyl\u0259mil\u0259r m\u00fcxt\u0259lif m\u0259zh\u0259bl\u0259r\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r d\u00f6z\u00fcml\u00fc m\u00fcnasib\u0259t n\u00fcmayi\u015f etdirs\u0259l\u0259r d\u0259, \u0130slam dininin \u015ei\u0259 qanad\u0131n\u0131n Keysaniyy\u0259 m\u0259zh\u0259binin bir qolu olan x\u00fcrr\u0259mil\u0259rl\u0259 inadl\u0131 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 aparm\u0131\u015fd\u0131lar. \u018fbu \u018fli Misk\u0259veyh yaz\u0131r: \u201c\u018fli ibn Buveyh x\u00fcrr\u0259mil\u0259rin \u0259lind\u0259 olan K\u0259r\u0259c \u015f\u0259h\u0259rinin \u0259traf\u0131ndak\u0131 qalalar\u0131 933-c\u00fc ild\u0259 f\u0259th etdi. 970\u2013971-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 is\u0259 deyl\u0259mil\u0259r \u0130ran k\u00f6rf\u0259zinin sular\u0131nda v\u0259 adalarda x\u00fcrr\u0259mil\u0259rl\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 apar\u0131b onlara qalib g\u0259ldil\u0259r\u201d. Qeyd etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, K\u0259r\u0259c \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri Tehran \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259n 20 km q\u0259rbd\u0259, \u018flburz da\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u0259t\u0259kl\u0259rind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015fir, \u0259halisi \u0259sas\u0259n az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131lardan ibar\u0259tdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P.S<\/strong>. Deyl\u0259mil\u0259rin etnik m\u0259n\u015f\u0259yin\u0259 g\u0259linc\u0259, s\u00f6zs\u00fcz ki, onlar bug\u00fcn X\u0259z\u0259r d\u0259nizinin c\u0259nub sahill\u0259rind\u0259 ya\u015fayan h\u0259m irandilli, h\u0259m d\u0259 t\u00fcrkdilli insanlar\u0131n \u0259cdadlar\u0131d\u0131r. Z\u0259nnimizc\u0259, deyl\u0259mil\u0259rin ham\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 birm\u0259nal\u0131 olaraq irandilli v\u0259 ya t\u00fcrkdilli elan etm\u0259k d\u00fczg\u00fcn deyil. G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr, deyl\u0259mi ittifaq\u0131nda h\u0259m irandilli (m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, Buveyhil\u0259r), h\u0259m d\u0259 t\u00fcrkdilli q\u0259bil\u0259l\u0259r i\u015ftirak etmi\u015fl\u0259r. Bel\u0259 ki, deyl\u0259mil\u0259rin \u0259n m\u0259\u015fhur s\u00fclal\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n birinin ad\u0131 K\u0259ng\u0259ri v\u0259 ya Salari idi. H\u0259r iki ad q\u0259dim t\u00fcrk tayfalar\u0131na \u2013 k\u0259ng\u0259rl\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 salarlara aiddir. X \u0259srd\u0259 salarlar Deyl\u0259m\u0259 yax\u0131n \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015flar. Salar tayfas\u0131n\u0131n iki \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck qolunun biri a\u011fman, dig\u0259ri is\u0259 qaraman adlan\u0131rd\u0131.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ha\u015fiy\u0259.<\/strong> Yunan tarix\u00e7isi Deakon yaz\u0131r: \u201cBizans imperatoru \u0130ohann I Tzimiskes konunq \u0130nqvar\u0131n o\u011flu konunq Svietoslava m\u0259ktubunda ona xat\u0131rlatm\u0131\u015fd\u0131 ki, \u0130nqvar Bizansla u\u011fursuz m\u00fcharib\u0259d\u0259n sonra hans\u0131sa germanlar\u0131n \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f etmi\u015f, lakin yen\u0259 d\u0259 m\u0259\u011flub olaraq \u0259sir d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc. Onun ayaqlar\u0131n\u0131 tar\u0131m dart\u0131lm\u0131\u015f iki a\u011faca ba\u011flay\u0131b, sonra a\u011faclar\u0131 buraxaraq konunqu iki yer\u0259 par\u00e7alam\u0131\u015fd\u0131lar (c\u0259rc\u0259n\u0259k etmi\u015fdil\u0259r)\u201d. \u0130mperatorun haqq\u0131nda m\u0259lumat verdiyi h\u0259min germanlar\u0131n hans\u0131 xalq oldu\u011fu indiy\u0259d\u0259k m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilm\u0259mi\u015fdir. Ehtimala g\u00f6r\u0259, yunan tarix\u00e7il\u0259ri onlara tan\u0131\u015f olmayan \u201cdrevlyan\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc s\u0259hv\u0259n \u201cgerman\u201d kimi anlam\u0131\u015fd\u0131lar. Amma drevlyan v\u0259 german adlar\u0131 bir-birin\u0259 b\u0259nz\u0259m\u0259diyi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bu fikir inand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcr. Z\u0259nnimizc\u0259, m\u0259ktubda ad\u0131 \u00e7\u0259kil\u0259n \u201cgerman\u201d xalq\u0131 konunq \u0130nqvara qalib g\u0259lmi\u015f deyl\u0259mi \u0259miri M\u0259rzban ibn Muh\u0259mm\u0259din m\u0259nsub oldu\u011fu salar tayfas\u0131n\u0131n qaraman boyudur. Salar tayfas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck qolu qaraman n\u0259sli oldu\u011funa g\u00f6r\u0259 bu iki ad \u00e7ox vaxt eyni m\u0259fhumu ifad\u0259 etmi\u015f, salar deyil\u0259nd\u0259 qaraman, qaraman deyil\u0259nd\u0259 salar ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr. Salquri (1148\u20131282) v\u0259 Qaraman (1250\u20131487) d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri bu tayfa t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n qurulmu\u015fdur. Anadoluda t\u00fcrk dilin\u0259 r\u0259smi d\u00f6vl\u0259t dili statusu ilk d\u0259f\u0259 Qaraman b\u0259yliyind\u0259 verilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parfiya (Arsaq) imperiyas\u0131n\u0131n sonuncu h\u00f6kmdar\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131 Salar \u018frdaban (214\u2013224) olmu\u015fdur. Salur Qazan \u201cKitabi D\u0259d\u0259 Qorqud\u201d eposunun \u0259sas q\u0259hr\u0259manlar\u0131ndan biridir. Orta \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 qo\u015fun ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na, s\u0259rk\u0259rd\u0259y\u0259 d\u0259 b\u0259z\u0259n salar deyilirdi. Bug\u00fcn salarlar \u0259sas\u0259n T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259, T\u00fcrkm\u0259nistanda v\u0259 \u00c7ind\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131rlar. Onlar \u00c7in\u0259 T\u00fcrkm\u0259nistandan k\u00f6\u00e7m\u00fc\u015fl\u0259r. \u00c7in salarlar\u0131 bu \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 ba\u015f vermi\u015f b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u00fcs\u0259lman \u00fcsyanlar\u0131nda f\u0259al i\u015ftirak etmi\u015fl\u0259r. 1958-ci ild\u0259 saylar\u0131 100 min n\u0259f\u0259rd\u0259n \u00e7ox olmayan salarlar \u00c7in d\u00f6v\u0259tin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 \u00fcsyan qald\u0131r\u0131b kommunistl\u0259r\u0259 \u015fidd\u0259tli m\u00fcqavim\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015fdil\u0259r. Onlar\u0131n r\u0259hb\u0259ri Han Yimu \u00f6z d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259rin\u0259 deyirmi\u015f: \u201cBu g\u00fcn Xunhua, sabah Lanzhou, birisi g\u00fcn Pekin\u201d. Salar \u00fcsyan\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 inan\u0131rd\u0131lar ki, \u00c7ini \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn\u0259 f\u0259th ed\u0259c\u0259kl\u0259r. Amma bu ki\u00e7ik t\u00fcrk tayfas\u0131n\u0131n f\u0259dakarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na baxmayaraq b\u00f6y\u00fck \u00c7in ordusu \u00fcsyan\u0131 amans\u0131zl\u0131qla yat\u0131r\u0131r. Han Yimunu \u0259sir al\u0131b Pekin\u0259 apar\u0131rlar. O, yolboyu seyr etdikl\u0259rind\u0259n  heyr\u0259t\u0259 g\u0259lib bildirir: \u201cBu \u00e7inlil\u0259rin say\u0131 bizim yaklar\u0131n (cam\u0131\u015flar\u0131n) say\u0131ndan d\u0259f\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 \u00e7oxdur\u201d. Han Yimu \u00c7inin n\u0259h\u0259ng v\u0259 g\u00fcc\u00fc bir d\u00f6vl\u0259t olu\u011funu indi anlam\u0131\u015fd\u0131.           <\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qeyd etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, \u0130mam H\u00fcseynl\u0259 birlikd\u0259 K\u0259rb\u0259lada \u015f\u0259hid olmu\u015f \u018fsl\u0259m ibn \u018fmr m\u0259hz t\u00fcrkdilli deyl\u0259mil\u0259rd\u0259n olmu\u015fdur. Ona \u018fsl\u0259m ibn \u018fmr T\u00fcrki d\u0259 deyirmi\u015fl\u0259r. \u018fvv\u0259l \u0130mam H\u0259s\u0259n\u0259, sonra is\u0259 \u0130mam H\u00fcseyn\u0259 xidm\u0259t etmi\u015f \u018fsl\u0259m \u00e7ox mahir ox atan, niz\u0259 v\u0259 q\u0131l\u0131nc vuran olmaqla yana\u015f\u0131, h\u0259m d\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259k \u0259d\u0259b\u0259 v\u0259 \u0259xlaqa malik bir \u015f\u0259xs idi. T\u00fcrkdilli oldu\u011fu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259r\u0259b dilind\u0259 l\u0259hc\u0259 il\u0259 dan\u0131\u015f\u0131rm\u0131\u015f. K\u0259rb\u0259la g\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259nin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7\u0131x\u0131b onlar\u0131 \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259 t\u00fcrk dilind\u0259 h\u0259d\u0259l\u0259mi\u015f, sonra is\u0259 \u0259r\u0259b dilind\u0259 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 r\u0259c\u0259zi oxuyaraq d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u0259 girib \u015f\u0259hid olmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Niz\u0259 z\u0259rb\u0259l\u0259rimd\u0259n d\u0259ryalar co\u015far,<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Atd\u0131\u011f\u0131m oxlardan g\u00f6yl\u0259r qaralar,<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Q\u0131l\u0131nc\u0131m \u0259limd\u0259 parlayan kimi,<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kibrli pax\u0131l\u0131n (\u015feytan\u0131n) q\u0259lbi yar\u0131lar.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eeyx Abbas Qumi yaz\u0131r ki, \u201c\u0130mam H\u00fcseyn \u018fsl\u0259m ibn \u018fmr T\u00fcrkinin c\u0259naz\u0259sin\u0259 yax\u0131nla\u015f\u0131b onun yan\u0131nda \u0259yl\u0259\u015fdi. Sonra is\u0259 \u0259yilib \u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc \u015f\u0259hidin \u00fcz\u00fcn\u0259 dayad\u0131 v\u0259 bununla da igid t\u00fcrk (v\u0259 ya deyl\u0259mi) d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcn\u0259 m\u0259h\u0259bb\u0259tini bildirdi. Halbuki O, (\u0130mam H\u00fcseyn) \u00f6z silahda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n he\u00e7 birin\u0259 bel\u0259 ehtiram g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259mi\u015fdi\u201d.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0130stifad\u0259 olunmu\u015f \u0259d\u0259biyyat:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

— \u0418\u0431\u043d \u041c\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0445. \u00ab\u041a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u00bb. http:\/\/www.vostlit.info\/Texts\/rus13\/Ibn_Miskawaich\/frametext1.htm<\/p>\n\n\n\n

— \u041b\u0435\u0432 \u0413\u0443\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0432. \u00ab\u041e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0425\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438\u00bb. \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430\u20132008.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

— \u041b\u0435\u0432 \u0413\u0443\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0432. \u00ab\u0422\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0435\u0434\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u041a\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0438 \u0432 X \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0435 \u0438 \u041f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043b\u0435\u0442\u00bb. \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430\u20131988.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

— \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0434 \u0438\u0431\u043d \u0410\u0431\u0434 \u0430\u043b\u044c-\u041a\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043c \u0430\u0448-\u0428\u0430\u0445\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438. \u00ab\u041a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0430 \u043e \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u0445\u00bb. \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430\u20131999.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

— F\u0259rda \u018fs\u0259dov. \u201cX\u0259z\u0259rl\u0259r v\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan\u201d. Bak\u0131\u20132018.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

— Natiq R\u0259himov. \u201c\u0130slam tarixi\u201d. 2005.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

— S\u0259id N\u0259fisi. \u201cBab\u0259k\u201d. Bak\u0131\u20131990.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Araz \u015e\u018fHR\u0130L\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ara\u015fd\u0131rma\u00e7\u0131, yazar<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

I H\u0130SS\u018f V\u0130K\u0130NQL\u018fR AZ\u018fRBAYCANDA AZ\u018fRBAYCANDA H\u018fYATLARINI \u0130T\u0130RM\u0130\u015e K\u0130YEV KNYAZLARI Araz \u015e\u0259hrilinin \u201cS\u0259f\u0259vil\u0259r: paralell\u0259r, ehtimallar, h\u0259qiq\u0259tl\u0259r…\u201d \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259ki faktlar \u0259sas\u0131nda Rusiya\u2013\u0130ran m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n dan\u0131\u015fark\u0259n yada I Pyotrun<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":14109,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14102","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arasdirma"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14102","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=14102"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14102\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14146,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14102\/revisions\/14146"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/14109"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=14102"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=14102"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=14102"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}