{"id":22813,"date":"2020-12-08T02:46:31","date_gmt":"2020-12-07T22:46:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=22813"},"modified":"2020-12-08T02:46:33","modified_gmt":"2020-12-07T22:46:33","slug":"saklarin-bir-qolu-olan-midiya-turkl%c9%99ri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=22813","title":{"rendered":"Saklar\u0131n bir qolu olan Midiya t\u00fcrkl\u0259ri"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

«Midiyal\u0131lar Saklar i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259n eram\u0131zdan \u0259vv\u0259l 4500-c\u00fc ild\u0259 ayr\u0131l\u0131b bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259razisind\u0259 Mata (Mada) adland\u0131r\u0131lan liderl\u0259rinin r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi alt\u0131nda bir prinsipial olaraq tarix s\u0259hn\u0259sin\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131lar.<\/strong>

Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc H\u0259m\u0259dan\u0131 paytaxt elan ed\u0259r\u0259k, eram\u0131zdan \u0259vv\u0259l 2500-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Dahakun (Herodotda Deok, \u0259slind\u0259 is\u0259 \u0130ti ok — red.) ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 Midiya \u0130mperiyas\u0131 adl\u0131 bir imperiya qurdular v\u0259 uzun zaman geni\u015f bir co\u011frafiyada bir \u00e7ox q\u0259bil\u0259ni idar\u0259 etdil\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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M\u0259rhum Midiya pad\u015fah\u0131 Astiyaq\u0131n (m\u0259qal\u0259d\u0259 Efrasyap, Alp Er Tunqa kimi \u015f\u0259rh edilir, amma bu ad Herodotda Astiak, y\u0259ni indiki deyimd\u0259 Yast\u0131 ok anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r v\u0259 bu, Alp \u018fr Tunqa deyil, Alp \u018fr Tunqa \u015eimaldan g\u0259l\u0259n Parta, Bartatuna adland\u0131r\u0131lan, atas\u0131 Made adlanan saklar\u0131n ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 idi. Bu yanl\u0131\u015f\u0131 tarix\u0259 Firdovsinin uydurmalar\u0131 s\u0131ray\u0131b-red.) q\u0131z n\u0259v\u0259si, babas\u0131n\u0131 devir\u0259n\u0259d\u0259k, eram\u0131zdan \u0259vv\u0259l 522 v\u0259 ya 520-ci il\u0259d\u0259k davam etdi v\u0259 Fars \u0130mperatorlu\u011fun II \u018fh\u0259m\u0259nid D\u00f6vl\u0259tini quranad\u0259k ya\u015fad\u0131. I Kir Kambisin atas\u0131 fars oldu\u011fu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Fars \u0130mperiyas\u0131 adland\u0131.

X\u00fcsus\u0259n, Babil tarix\u00e7isi Berosus (e.\u0259. 300 -c\u00fc il) v\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn q\u0259dim tarix\u00e7il\u0259r, x\u00fcsus\u0259n 19-cu \u0259srd\u0259 Persepolis v\u0259 Assuriya yaz\u0131lar\u0131, E. Norris, Fr. Lenormant, ser H.C. Rawlinson, J. Oppert, I. Taylor, N.L. Westergaard, F. de Saulcy v\u0259 M. S. Zaborowski kimi Q\u0259rb dil\u00e7il\u0259ri, tarix\u00e7il\u0259ri v\u0259 antropoloqlar Midiyan\u0131n dil, din v\u0259 irq bax\u0131m\u0131ndan Turani (Sak, Tatar, T\u00fcrk) oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131qlam\u0131\u015fd\u0131lar.

Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f dominant bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f olaraq 1935-1940-c\u0131 ill\u0259r\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r davam etdi.

Ancaq b\u0259zi Q\u0259rb pastor tarix\u00e7il\u0259ri v\u0259 erm\u0259ni tarix\u00e7il\u0259ri, VI \u0259srd\u0259 bir ke\u015fi\u015fin Midiyan\u0131 \u0130ran adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia ed\u0259r\u0259k Midiyal\u0131lar\u0131n iranl\u0131 olduqlar\u0131n\u0131 iddia etdil\u0259r. X\u00fcsusil\u0259, 1950-ci ild\u0259n etibar\u0259n, sonralar devrilmi\u015f \u0130ran \u015fah\u0131 M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d Rza P\u0259hl\u0259vi 17 q\u0259rb \u015f\u0259rq\u015f\u00fcnas\u0131n\u0131 toplayaraq bu co\u011frafiyadak\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn q\u0259dim q\u00f6vml\u0259ri \u0130ranl\u0131ya \u00e7evir\u0259n bir kitab yazd\u0131rd\u0131. Bu tarixd\u0259n sonra \u0130ranl\u0131lar\u0131n Midiya iddias\u0131 geni\u015f yay\u0131ld\u0131. T\u0259\u0259ss\u00fcf ki, t\u00fcrk tarix\u00e7il\u0259ri bu yalan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc t\u0259krarlad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Ancaq qeyri m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259ri k\u0259nara at\u0131b tarixin atas\u0131 say\u0131lan Herodotun \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rin\u0259 baxmaq kifay\u0259tdir, \u00e7\u00fcnki Midiya haqq\u0131nda \u00e7ox dan\u0131\u015f\u0131b v\u0259 Midiyal\u0131lar\u0131n qan v\u0259 irq olaraq farslardan ayr\u0131 oldu\u011funu vur\u011fulay\u0131b. Midiyal\u0131lar\u0131, Herodota s\u00f6yk\u0259n\u0259r\u0259k, Ari elan ed\u0259n Q\u0259rb tarix\u00e7il\u0259rinin biab\u0131r\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da g\u00f6r\u0259c\u0259kl\u0259r.

\u00c7\u00fcnki Herodotun Tarixini m\u00fcasir Q\u0259rb dill\u0259rin\u0259 t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 ed\u0259n insanlar\u0131n b\u0259zil\u0259ri, Midiyal\u0131lar\u0131n Med ad\u0131yla xat\u0131rlanmadan \u00f6nc\u0259, g\u00fcya Arioi (Arii) adland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6z\u00fc Aryan ed\u0259r\u0259k Herodotun da Midiyal\u0131lara pers dediyi anlam\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131xaranlara qar\u015f\u0131 fakt qoyub Arioinin ryan olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dem\u0259l\u0259rini g\u00f6r\u0259c\u0259kdil\u0259r.

\u018fslind\u0259 Firdovsi kimi orta \u0259sr \u0130ran tarix\u00e7il\u0259ri Medleri Med deyil, Kayan v\u0259 \u201cKay\u00e2n\u00ee\u201d adland\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131lar. Firdovsinin «\u015eahnam\u0259»sind\u0259 Keykavus v\u0259 Keykubad adlar\u0131 il\u0259 t\u0259svir etdiyi Med v\u0259 ya Kayani pad\u015fahlar\u0131n\u0131n bu adlar\u0131, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fckl\u0259ri kimi, fars deyildir. P\u0259hlevi, t\u0259l\u0259ff\u00fcz\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 t\u0259l\u0259ff\u00fcz edil\u0259n bu adlar Midiyal\u0131 dilind\u0259 v\u0259 ya t\u00fcrk k\u00f6k\u0259nli adlard\u0131r.

Firdovsi v\u0259 dig\u0259r orta \u0259sr \u0130ran tarix\u00e7il\u0259ri Kayanil\u0259r haqq\u0131nda dan\u0131\u015fsalar da, Pi\u015ftad krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 deyil\u0259n s\u0131rf \u0259fsan\u0259vi pad\u015fahlar z\u0259ncirinin davam\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259kl\u0259 gizli \u0130ran\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 vur\u011fulamaq ist\u0259mi\u015fdil\u0259r.

Son \u018fh\u0259m\u0259nil\u0259r v\u0259 Sasanil\u0259r d\u0259 Medes Kayani adlan\u0131rd\u0131lar. \u00c7\u00fcnki «Kay» s\u00f6z\u00fc, \u0130ranl\u0131lara g\u00f6r\u0259 Kayanil\u0259rin, Q\u0259dim Yunanlar v\u0259 Q\u0259rblil\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 is\u0259 Midiya Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcnvan\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131; «b\u0259y» v\u0259 ya «c\u0259nab» anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r. \u0130ran \u0259silli pad\u015fahlar Kay \u00fcnvan\u0131yla v\u0259 ad\u0131yla an\u0131lmam\u0131\u015flar. T\u00fcrkl\u0259r is\u0259 tarix boyu bu tituldan istifad\u0259 etmi\u015fl\u0259r. M\u0259lum oldu\u011fu kimi, Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n boyu \u201cKay\u0131, \u0259slind\u0259 bu ad \u201cKay\u0131\u201d yox, \u201cKay\u201d olmal\u0131d\u0131r.

Dig\u0259r m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259r Midiyal\u0131lar\u0131n \u0130ranl\u0131 ola bilm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259yini g\u00f6st\u0259rir. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, T\u00f6vrat. T\u00f6vrat\u0131n Yarad\u0131l\u0131\u015f kitab\u0131nda Hz. Nuhun \u00fc\u00e7 o\u011fluna b\u0259\u015f\u0259riyy\u0259tin m\u0259n\u015f\u0259yi haqq\u0131nda deyildikd\u0259, Med v\u0259 dig\u0259r T\u00fcrk soylular\u0131n\u0131n adlar\u0131 ke\u00e7\u0259rk\u0259n, n\u0259 Fars, n\u0259 d\u0259 \u0130ran\u0131n ad\u0131 xat\u0131rlanm\u0131r.
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\u00c7\u00fcnki T\u00f6vrat\u0131n bu b\u00f6lg\u0259d\u0259 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kitab\u0131nda iranl\u0131lar yox idi. B\u0259zi q\u0259rblil\u0259rin fikrinc\u0259, kitab e.\u0259. 1500-ci ill\u0259r\u0259 aiddir. Midiyal\u0131lar haqq\u0131nda q\u0259dim m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 izah edil\u0259n dini v\u0259 milli ad\u0259t v\u0259 \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259r d\u0259 Midiyal\u0131lar\u0131n T\u00fcrk zad\u0259ganlar\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6st\u0259rir; onlardan biri d\u0259 Kard Qan Qarda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d adl\u0131 m\u0259rasimdir.

Midiya sivilizasiyas\u0131 Assuriya, Babil, Yunan v\u0259 Romal\u0131lara \u00e7ox t\u0259sir edib.

Prof. Dr. Mehmet Bayrakdar
«MEDLER v\u0259 T\u00dcRKL\u018fR:» kitab\u0131ndan bir f\u0259sil<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

******<\/strong>

Yunanlara v\u0259 Romal\u0131lara Midiyal\u0131lar\u0131n t\u0259siri<\/strong>

Yunanlar\u0131n \u0259n son Midiyan\u0131 e.\u0259. 9-cu \u0259srd\u0259n etibar\u0259n \u00e7ox yax\u015f\u0131 tan\u0131y\u0131rd\u0131lar. Qeyd etdiyimiz kimi, q\u0259dim yunan tarix\u00e7il\u0259ri v\u0259 filosoflar\u0131 Z\u0259rd\u00fc\u015ft v\u0259 z\u0259rd\u00fc\u015ftiliy\u0259, buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 Midiya sivilizasiyas\u0131na \u00e7ox maraq g\u00f6st\u0259rirdil\u0259r. M.\u00d6. 7-ci \u0259srd\u0259n etibar\u0259n Yunan\u0131standa Yunanlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda Medismos ad\u0131 (Medismos) adl\u0131 bir h\u0259r\u0259kat meydana g\u0259ldi. B\u0259zi \u015fayi\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, m\u0259\u015fhur Heraklit I Daran\u0131n hakimiyy\u0259ti d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 Persiyaya d\u0259v\u0259t olunmu\u015fdu. Yunan\u0131standa Med modas\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 Med t\u0259sirini \u0259xz ed\u0259n bu c\u0259r\u0259yan Midiyal\u0131lar\u0131n siyasi n\u00fcfuzunu itirm\u0259sind\u0259n sonra da eyni adla davam etdi. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Makedoniyal\u0131 \u0130sk\u0259nd\u0259r h\u0259tta e.\u0259. 330-cu ild\u0259 \u0130ran\u0131 i\u015f\u011fal etdikd\u0259n v\u0259 \u018fh\u0259m\u0259nil\u0259r hakimiyy\u0259tin\u0259 son qoyduqdan sonra da Midiya v\u0259 Pers t\u0259sirin\u0259 m\u0259ruz qal\u0131rd\u0131lar. Sonrak\u0131 d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259 medizm anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n davam etm\u0259si, Midiya xalqlar\u0131n\u0131n dig\u0259r xalqlar kimi yunanlar aras\u0131nda n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli roa malik oldu\u011funu g\u00f6st\u0259rir. \u018fslind\u0259 Midiya yunanlar\u0131n \u0259d\u0259bi janrlar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00f6vzusu idi, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, Afinal\u0131 \u015fair Theopompus, \u015feirl\u0259rind\u0259 «Uzaq m\u0259saf\u0259d\u0259 olan yerl\u0259r» adl\u0131 \u015feirind\u0259, «Med Torpaqlar\u0131» v\u0259 komediya tipli bir \u0259s\u0259rin ad\u0131 is\u0259 «Med» idi. (919)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Z\u0259rd\u00fc\u015ft Yunanl\u0131lar v\u0259 Romal\u0131lar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n bir filosof, astronom v\u0259 astroloq olaraq q\u0259bul edilirdi. Z\u0259rd\u00fc\u015ftd\u0259n \u0259lav\u0259, z\u0259rd\u00fc\u015ftiliyi t\u0259msil ed\u0259n v\u0259 «Magi» (Maqlar) adland\u0131ran ruhanil\u0259rin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259si il\u0259 maraqlan\u0131rd\u0131lar. (920)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130zmirli Hermippe (e.\u0259. III \u0259sr) Z\u0259rd\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcn kitablar\u0131n\u0131 yunan dilin\u0259 t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 etmi\u015fdi. (921) Giri\u015fd\u0259 ad\u0131 \u00e7\u0259kil\u0259n Avestan\u0131n \u015eiz n\u00fcsx\u0259sinin Yunan dilin\u0259 t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 olundu\u011fu bar\u0259d\u0259 d\u0259 \u015fayi\u0259l\u0259r var. M\u0259\u015fhur yeni Platon\u00e7u filosof Proklusun Z\u0259rd\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcn q\u0259bul edilmi\u015f \u015feirl\u0259rind\u0259n 70 misran\u0131 Yunan dilin\u0259 t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 etdiyi deyilir. Bu g\u00fcn\u0259 g\u0259lib \u00e7atmayan bu t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259l\u0259r b\u0259zi Avesta m\u0259tnl\u0259rinin v\u0259 ya Yeni Z\u0259rd\u00fc\u015ftl\u00fcy\u00fcn dig\u0259r m\u0259tnl\u0259rinin t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259si ola bil\u0259r. Yunanlar\u0131n mara\u011f\u0131 z\u0259rd\u00fc\u015ftilikl\u0259 m\u0259hdudla\u015fm\u0131rd\u0131. Midiyal\u0131lar\u0131n ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 elmi t\u0259f\u0259kk\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc d\u0259 \u00f6yr\u0259nirdil\u0259r. Midiyal\u0131lar\u0131n yunanlara t\u0259siri Romal\u0131lar\u0131n \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259n ke\u00e7di. (922)

Bu t\u0259sir\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olan b\u0259zi hadis\u0259l\u0259r olmu\u015fdur. Onlardan biri, \u0259vv\u0259ld\u0259 qeyd etdiyimiz kimi Herodotun yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259, Midiyan\u0131n Afinaya h\u00fccumu ola bil\u0259rdi. Eynil\u0259 \u018fh\u0259m\u0259nil\u0259r I Daran\u0131n hakimiyy\u0259ti d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 Anadolu v\u0259 Yunan\u0131stan\u0131n sahil b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rini i\u015f\u011fal etdil\u0259r. Dig\u0259r bir hadis\u0259 Midiya imperiyas\u0131n\u0131n farslar\u0131n \u0259lin\u0259 ke\u00e7m\u0259sidir (e.\u0259.552 v\u0259 ya 550).

B\u0259zi Maqlar\u0131n Yunan\u0131stana v\u0259 \u0130taliyaya e.\u0259. 300-c\u00fc il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r k\u00f6\u00e7 etm\u0259l\u0259ri idi. N\u0259hay\u0259t, B\u00f6y\u00fck \u0130sk\u0259nd\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n e.\u0259. 331-ci ild\u0259 \u0130ran\u0131n i\u015f\u011fal\u0131, Yunanlar\u0131n Midiya-\u0130ran m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259ti v\u0259 sivilizasiyas\u0131 il\u0259 tan\u0131\u015f olmaq v\u0259 t\u0259sirl\u0259nm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bir vasit\u0259 say\u0131la bil\u0259rdi.

Dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n, b\u0259zi yunanlar\u0131n Finikiyadan k\u00f6\u00e7 etm\u0259si, Asiya t\u0259sirinin Avropa v\u0259 Yunan\u0131stana g\u0259tirilm\u0259sind\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck rol oynam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. \u015eumer (K\u0259ng\u0259r), Midiya, Babil, Hind, Misir sivilizasiyalar\u0131 v\u0259 fikirl\u0259rind\u0259n \u00e7ox \u015feyl\u0259r g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcb. B\u00f6y\u00fck \u0130sk\u0259nd\u0259r e.\u0259. IV \u0259srin sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru Hindistana etdiyi ekspedisiyalar zaman\u0131 bir \u00e7ox f\u0259ls\u0259fi, dini v\u0259 elmi fikir Yunan\u0131stana k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, ya\u015fl\u0131 Pliniy, Hindistan v\u0259 Fars\u0131n Aristonun zooloji m\u00f6vzuda ba\u015fqa m\u0259lumat m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259ri d\u0259 vard\u0131. Onun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bel\u0259 m\u0259nb\u0259, \u0130sg\u0259nd\u0259rin \u0259mriyl\u0259 m\u0259lumat m\u0259lumat toplama\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 Aristona \u00f6t\u00fcrm\u0259yi \u0259mr etmi\u015f di. (923) Aristotel zoologiyas\u0131n\u0131n dig\u0259r m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259ri d\u0259 var idi; onlardan biri d\u0259 B\u00f6y\u00fck \u0130sg\u0259nd\u0259r d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259n xeyli \u0259vv\u0259l yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Ktesinin «Persika»s\u0131 v\u0259 «\u0130ndika» \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259riydi. (924)

M\u0259lumdur ki, Aristo Babil-Midiya astronomiya \u0259n\u0259n\u0259sind\u0259n d\u0259 x\u0259b\u0259rdar idi; Aristonun qohumu hesab olunan v\u0259 \u0130sk\u0259nd\u0259r il\u0259 birlikd\u0259 \u015f\u0259rq ekspedisiyas\u0131na qat\u0131lan tarix\u00e7i Callisthenes (e.\u0259. 360-328), \u0130sg\u0259nd\u0259rin Babili almas\u0131ndan 1903 il \u00f6nc\u0259, y\u0259ni e.\u0259. 2200-c\u00fc ild\u0259, Babilistanl\u0131lar\u0131n qeyd etdikl\u0259ri v\u0259 toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259l\u0259ri ehtiva ed\u0259n s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259ri Aristoya g\u00f6nd\u0259rdi. (925)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Midiyal\u0131lar\u0131n bu m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259l\u0259rin t\u0259rtibind\u0259n \u00e7ox q\u0131sa bir m\u00fcdd\u0259t \u0259vv\u0259l Babilistan\u0131 226 il \u00f6z \u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 saxlad\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 Midiyal\u0131lar\u0131n astronomiyada inki\u015faf etmi\u015f olduqlar\u0131n\u0131 xat\u0131rlatsaq, \u0259n az\u0131 Aristoya g\u00f6nd\u0259ril\u0259n m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259rinin b\u0259zil\u0259ri Midiya xalq\u0131na aid ola bil\u0259c\u0259yini dey\u0259 bil\u0259rik.

\u015e\u00fcbh\u0259siz ki, yunanlar Midiyal\u0131lar, farslar v\u0259 hindlil\u0259rd\u0259n B\u00f6y\u00fck \u0130sk\u0259nd\u0259rd\u0259n xeyli \u0259vv\u0259l x\u0259b\u0259rdar idil\u0259r. Buna misal olaraq \u201cSpartada ilk d\u0259f\u0259 a\u00e7\u0131lan Gimnosofistl\u0259r m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259ridir. Gimnosofistl\u0259r, yunanlar\u0131n Hindu \u00e7\u0131lpaq ruhanil\u0259rin\u0259 v\u0259 filosoflara verdiyi adlard\u0131r. (926) H\u0259tta \u00e7\u0131lpaql\u0131\u011f\u0131n hindular vasit\u0259sil\u0259 yunanlara ke\u00e7diyini s\u00f6yl\u0259y\u0259nl\u0259r d\u0259 var. Yunanlar, e.\u0259. 776-c\u0131 ild\u0259 t\u0259rtib etdikl\u0259ri ilk n\u00fcmun\u0259 Olympiya idman oyunlar\u0131n\u0131n ke\u00e7irildiyi m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259r\u0259 \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259»Gymnasium» ad\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015fdil\u0259r. Midiyal\u0131lar\u0131n \u0259sas dini, yuxar\u0131da qeyd edildiyi kimi, \u015famanizm idi. Bu g\u00fcn\u00fcn bir \u00e7ox q\u0259rb aliml\u0259ri, «Midiyal\u0131lar\u0131n v\u0259 Saklar\u0131n t\u0259siri il\u0259 yarad\u0131lan Yunan \u015eamanizmind\u0259n b\u0259hs ed\u0259rl\u0259r. Yunan \u015famanistl\u0259rind\u0259n biri olaraq, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, m\u0259\u015fhur filosof Parmenides g\u00f6st\u0259rilir. (927)

Z\u0259rd\u00fc\u015ftl\u00fck v\u0259 ya z\u0259rd\u00fc\u015ftilikd\u0259n \u0259n \u00e7ox t\u0259sirl\u0259n\u0259n yunanlar aras\u0131nda Pythagoras (Fisaqor e.\u0259. 560-480-ci ill\u0259r) vard\u0131. (928) Bir \u00e7ox Yunan v\u0259 Bizans d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259sin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, fisaqor\u00e7ular Fisaqorun Babil\u0259 getdiyini v\u0259 Z\u0259rd\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcn \u015fagirdi oldu\u011funa inan\u0131rd\u0131lar. (929) B\u0259zi \u015fayi\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, Fisaqordak\u0131 Saka t\u0259sirini ifad\u0259 etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Aristonun «\u015eimali Apollo» adlan\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u0259nilir. (930) M\u0259lum oldu\u011fu kimi, q\u0259dim yunanlar Balkanlar\u0131 v\u0259 C\u0259nubi Rusiya Saklar\u0131n\u0131 \u201cHiperb\u00f6r\u00fc\u201d adland\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131lar. Fisaqora ruh v\u0259 ruhun \u00f6lm\u0259zliyi haqq\u0131nda z\u0259rd\u00fc\u015ftilik t\u0259limind\u0259n t\u0259sirl\u0259ndi. \u00c7\u00fcnki bir t\u00fcrk metafizik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259si olaraq, ruhun \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fcy\u00fc Midiyal\u0131larda v\u0259 Saklarda \u00e7ox \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli bir yer\u0259 sahibdir. T\u00fcrkl\u0259r atalar\u0131n\u0131n ruhlar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011f v\u0259 m\u00fcbar\u0259k oldu\u011funa inan\u0131rd\u0131lar. Pisaqorun saylara dair fikirl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, ad\u0131n\u0131 da\u015f\u0131yan m\u0259\u015fhur Pifaqor teoreminin \u0259slinin Babilli v\u0259 Midiyal\u0131lar il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 olmas\u0131na dair iddialar da var. (931) Yunan m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, z\u0259rd\u00fc\u015ftilikd\u0259n t\u0259sirl\u0259n\u0259n filosoflar aras\u0131nda Sokrat (e.\u0259. 470-399) da vard\u0131r. Platona aid «Axiochos» adl\u0131 \u0259s\u0259rd\u0259 bir mo\u011fun (Gobryas) Sokrat\u0131 yeti\u015fdirdiyi bar\u0259d\u0259 bilgi var. (932) Diogen Laeritusun m\u0259\u015fhur \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 Gobryas\u0131 Z\u0259rd\u00fc\u015ft ruhanil\u0259rinin Maqlar sinfi olaraq g\u00f6st\u0259rilir. (933) Gobryas s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn Maqlar v\u0259 ya Mo\u011fan \/ Mu\u011fan\u0131n sinonimi olan bu s\u00f6z\u00fc yanl\u0131\u015f olaraq, Farsca Guebres (Goebras) deyimi bu s\u00f6z\u00fcn t\u0259hrifidir.

Z\u0259rd\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcn v\u0259 Maqlar\u0131n t\u0259siri il\u0259 yeti\u015f\u0259n ba\u015fqa bir Yunan filosofu m\u0259\u015fhur Platondur. Platon b\u0259zi \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259 Z\u0259rd\u00fc\u015ftd\u0259n b\u0259hs etmi\u015fdir. M.\u00d6. 390-c\u0131 ild\u0259 Alcibiades adl\u0131 \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 Z\u0259rd\u00fc\u015ftd\u0259n v\u0259 onun t\u0259limi haqq\u0131nda q\u0131saca m\u0259lumat vermi\u015fdi. (934) \u00d6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn sonuna q\u0259d\u0259r Maqlar\u0131n Yax\u015f\u0131l\u0131q — Pislik anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131 v\u0259 «Qanunlar» adl\u0131 \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259ki ziddiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri haqq\u0131nda fikirl\u0259ri heyr\u0259t do\u011furur (935).

Aristoya g\u0259ldikd\u0259 is\u0259, m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259r onun Z\u0259rd\u00fc\u015ft\u0259 v\u0259 z\u0259rd\u00fc\u015ftilikl\u0259 maraqland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u0259yirl\u0259r. Aristo, h\u0259tta z\u0259rd\u00fc\u015ftilik haqq\u0131nda \u201cMagicus\u201d adl\u0131 bir kitab da yazm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. (936) «F\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259 \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259» adl\u0131 \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 Aristo, Platon kimi, Z\u0259rd\u00fc\u015ftl\u00fcy\u00fcn Xeyir v\u0259 \u015e\u0259r haqq\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n t\u0259sirl\u0259ndi. (937) Aristotel, h\u0259tta \u0259n m\u0259\u015fhur «Metafizika» \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 Maqlardan b\u0259hs ed\u0259r. (938) Yuxar\u0131da g\u00f6st\u0259ril\u0259n m\u00f6vzularda, Platonun \u015fagirdi Knidus v\u0259 Eudoksus, Plutarx v\u0259 Hekataeusun da z\u0259rd\u00fc\u015ftilik t\u0259siri alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 q\u0259bul edilib. (939)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Midiyal\u0131lar\u0131n v\u0259 Z\u0259rd\u00fc\u015ft d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259sinin Yunanl\u0131lara d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fcy\u00fcnd\u0259n daha d\u0259rin bir t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015fdir. Bir n\u00fcmun\u0259 olaraq Aristoteld\u0259n Rodoslu Eudeme q\u0259d\u0259r bir \u00e7ox Yunan bilginin \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 durdu\u011fu Aion (\u018fb\u0259di Zaman, Dehr) anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 al\u0131na bil\u0259r. Benveniste, Gnoli v\u0259 ba\u015fqalar\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 bu qavray\u0131\u015f\u0131n b\u0259rq\u0259rar olmas\u0131nda Zurvanizm v\u0259 Maqlar\u0131n t\u0259siri olmu\u015fdur. (940)

H\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259n, e.\u0259. 6-ci y\u00fcz illikd\u0259 b\u0259zi Maqlar, \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259 Yunan\u0131stana, oradan da \u0130taliyaya getmi\u015fdil\u0259r. Bunun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn z\u0259rd\u00fc\u015ftilik v\u0259 Mitrayizm x\u00fcsusil\u0259 Roma v\u0259 \u0259traf \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 maraq oyatm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. J. H. Moulton v\u0259 A. J. Karnoya g\u00f6r\u0259, «xidm\u0259tkar» v\u0259 «yard\u0131m\u00e7\u0131» m\u0259nas\u0131n\u0131 ver\u0259n Qot dilind\u0259 «Magus», q\u0259dim Ayri\u015f dilind\u0259ki «mu\u011f», Midiyal\u0131lar\u0131n Maq ad\u0131ndan g\u0259lir. (941)

Yunanlar, Lidiyal\u0131lar v\u0259 Frigl\u0259r, Midiyal\u0131lardan v\u0259 Saklardan, n\u0259inki intellekt sah\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259, h\u0259tta texnologiya sah\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 d\u0259 \u00e7ox \u015fey \u0259xz etmi\u015fdil\u0259r. Ox, toppuz v\u0259 niz\u0259 kimi d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f al\u0259tl\u0259rinin ixtiras\u0131 bunlardan biridir. Yuxar\u0131da G.Rawlinsona \u0259saslanan m\u0259lumatlardan da g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fc kimi Lidiyal\u0131lar v\u0259 Yunanlar Midiyal\u0131lardan g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f v\u0259 q\u0131z\u0131l sikk\u0259l\u0259r d\u00fcz\u0259ltm\u0259yi v\u0259 z\u0259rb etm\u0259yi d\u0259 \u00f6yr\u0259nmi\u015fl\u0259r. Midiyal\u0131lar\u0131n Yunanlara v\u0259 oradan Q\u0259rb\u0259 t\u0259siri kimi bir tibb elmi ekvivalenti olaraq q\u0259rb dill\u0259rind\u0259 istifad\u0259 olunan \u201cMedicine\u201d, \u201cMedizin\u201d, Medicin\u201d v\u0259 onlardan t\u00f6r\u0259mi\u015f \u201cMedical\u201d kimi s\u00f6zl\u0259rin onlar\u0131n ad\u0131ndanal\u0131nma ehtimal\u0131 da var. Q\u0259rb aliml\u0259ri bu s\u00f6zl\u0259rin m\u0259n\u015f\u0259yi v\u0259 etimologiyas\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif fikirl\u0259r ir\u0259li s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015fl\u0259r. (942) Onlara \u00fcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259 lat\u0131nca Medicina s\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259n v\u0259 ya yunanca «Medomai» s\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259n g\u0259ldikl\u0259ri deyilir …

Bu h\u0259qiq\u0259t ola bil\u0259r; lakin, Lat\u0131n v\u0259 Yunan s\u00f6zl\u0259rinin bu dill\u0259r\u0259 aid olub-olmamas\u0131 v\u0259 hans\u0131 k\u00f6k s\u00f6zl\u0259rind\u0259n \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259 bilm\u0259si bar\u0259d\u0259 kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r izahat verilmir.

\u0130lk d\u0259f\u0259 tibb elminin sehrl\u0259rin t\u0259siri alt\u0131nda x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259ri m\u00fcalic\u0259 etm\u0259k oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fczd\u0259, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 \u015eamanlar\u0131n v\u0259 ya Maqlar\u0131n, Midiyal\u0131lar v\u0259 Sak Sehirbazlar\u0131n m\u0259\u015fhur olduqlar\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 Abaris v\u0259 Toharis (Toxaris) adland\u0131rd\u0131qlar\u0131 Midiyal\u0131lar v\u0259 Sak h\u0259kiml\u0259rini m\u00fcalic\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131 bilirik (943). Yunanca «Medoi» s\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259n g\u0259ldiyi ayd\u0131nd\u0131r. Bunu Avesta m\u0259tnl\u0259rind\u0259 t\u0259sdiql\u0259y\u0259 bil\u0259rik. \u00c7\u00fcnki m\u0259tnl\u0259rd\u0259 h\u0259kim m\u0259nas\u0131n\u0131 ver\u0259n «vi-Mad»- doktor s\u00f6z\u00fc var. Bu m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b s\u00f6zd\u0259ki «Mad» s\u00f6z\u00fc, yuxar\u0131da qeyd etdiyimiz kimi, \u018fh\u0259m\u0259nil\u0259r v\u0259 P\u0259hl\u0259vil\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n Midiyaya verilmi\u015f bir add\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259, Q\u0259rb dill\u0259rind\u0259ki d\u0259rman\u0131n v\u0259 ondan yaranan ox\u015far s\u00f6zl\u0259rin Medin orijinal ad\u0131 oldu\u011funu iddia edirik.

Dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n, Midiyal\u0131lar\u0131n Magoi (Maqlar) boyu, veril\u0259n m\u0259lumatlar\u0131n yanl\u0131\u015f ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclm\u0259si s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n, e.\u0259. 6-c\u0131 \u0259srd\u0259n etibar\u0259n yunanlar cadug\u0259rlik, fal\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q v\u0259 sehr kimi qaras\u0259n\u0259t sahibl\u0259ri say\u0131laraq, x\u00fcsus\u0259n d\u0259 e.\u0259. 4-c\u00fc \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259n Yunan v\u0259 Romal\u0131lar aras\u0131nda, sonralar Orta \u0259srl\u0259r Avropas\u0131nda ellinist d\u00f6vr, cadug\u0259rlik v\u0259 sehr geni\u015f yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.

Bu m\u00f6vzuda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir \u00e7ox \u0259s\u0259rin m\u00fc\u0259llifi olaraq Z\u0259rd\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcn ad\u0131 yaz\u0131ld\u0131 v\u0259 «S\u00f6zd\u0259 Z\u0259rd\u00fc\u015ft» adl\u0131 s\u0131x bir \u0259d\u0259biyyat meydana g\u0259ldi. Daha \u0259vv\u0259l qeyd edildiyi kimi, Herodot v\u0259 Ksenofon kimi tarix\u00e7il\u0259r Midiya pad\u015fahlar\u0131n\u0131n x\u0259yallar\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u0259rh ed\u0259rk\u0259n Maqlar haqq\u0131nda dan\u0131\u015fd\u0131lar v\u0259 astronomiya, astrologiyaya \u0259saslanan g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k siyasi hadis\u0259l\u0259r bar\u0259d\u0259 dini m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 m\u0259lumatlar verdil\u0259r. Bu m\u0259lumat b\u0259zi yunanlar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n eram\u0131zdan \u0259vv\u0259l VI-V \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 yanl\u0131\u015f \u015f\u0259rh edilmi\u015fdir. \u0130lk tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f yunan filosofu Heraklit Midiyal\u0131 Maqlar\u0131 (Magoi) ad\u0259tl\u0259rini v\u0259 m\u0259rasiml\u0259rini q\u0131nayaraq, onlar\u0131 Tanr\u0131yaa qar\u015f\u0131 dionsiz v\u0259 h\u00f6rm\u0259tsiz sayd\u0131. (944)<\/strong>

Vaxt ke\u00e7dikc\u0259 \u0259sl yunan s\u00f6z\u00fc olan «Goes», unudularaq \u00f6z yerini Magi s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 verdi. «Mageia\u201d v\u0259 «Magike» kimi ox\u015far ifad\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 \u0259v\u0259z olundu. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, m\u00fcasir m\u0259nada «Magie» v\u0259 «Magic» anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 yaranma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131. \u0130ndi Z\u0259rd\u00fc\u015ft sehrbaz kimi q\u0259bul olunur, h\u0259tta Z\u0259rd\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcn sehrbazlar\u0131n v\u0259 cadug\u0259rl\u0259rin c\u0259s\u0259dl\u0259rin\u0259 girdiyin\u0259 inan\u0131rd\u0131lar. (945) Ya\u015fl\u0131 Pliniy kimi aliml\u0259r Z\u0259rd\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc sehrbazl\u0131q v\u0259 cadug\u0259r kimi bu qaranl\u0131q s\u0259n\u0259tl\u0259rin ixtira\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olaraq g\u00f6r\u00fcrd\u00fcl\u0259r. (946) H\u0259tta yaz\u0131rd\u0131 ki, Pliniy, Pifaqor, Empedokllar, Demokrit v\u0259 Platon kimi yunan filosoflar\u0131 Maqlar\u0131n s\u0259n\u0259tini \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn s\u0259yah\u0259t etmi\u015f v\u0259 Yunan\u0131stana qay\u0131td\u0131qda is\u0259 art\u0131q bunu \u00f6yr\u0259tmi\u015fl\u0259r. (947) H\u0259l\u0259 \u0130ntibah d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 edildiyi bilin\u0259n m\u0259\u015fhur «\u00c7\u0259tinlik Da\u015f\u0131» (Anachitis v\u0259 ya Anancitis), Maqlardan miras al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcman edilirdi. Maqlar bu sehrd\u0259n almaz da\u015f\u0131n\u0131 bir qabda suya bat\u0131raraq ruh \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 istifad\u0259 edirdil\u0259r. \u018fvv\u0259ll\u0259r Pliniy kimi yazarlar bu v\u0259 b\u0259nz\u0259r sehr n\u00f6vl\u0259rini d\u0259h\u015f\u0259tli yalan adland\u0131rd\u0131lar. (948) Q\u0131sacas\u0131, Z\u0259rd\u00fc\u015ft, Maqlar v\u0259 Midiyal\u0131lar, Yunan, Romal\u0131lar v\u0259 Orta \u0259sr Avropal\u0131lar\u0131 aras\u0131nda cadu v\u0259 b\u0259nz\u0259r m\u00f6vzularda b\u00f6y\u00fck t\u0259sir buraxm\u0131\u015fd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n



Bunu ba\u015fa \u00e7atd\u0131rmazdan \u0259vv\u0259l, olduqca maraql\u0131 hesab edil\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259k ba\u015fqa bir m\u0259qama diqq\u0259t ed\u0259k. Lidiyal\u0131lar\u0131n dilind\u0259 pad\u015fahlara v\u0259 b\u0259yl\u0259r\u0259 «T\u00fcran» deyilirdi. Bu s\u00f6z Lidiyadan q\u0259dim yunan dilin\u0259 qa\u00e7araq T\u00fcrannos \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 edilmi\u015fdir. Yunan dilind\u0259n Q\u0259rb dill\u0259rin\u0259 ke\u00e7\u0259n tiran \u201d, tiran \u201d(Tirana) \u015f\u0259klind\u0259. Yuxar\u0131da izah etdiyimiz kimi, Midiyal\u0131lara v\u0259 T\u00fcrk zad\u0259ganlar\u0131n\u0131 «Turan» dey\u0259 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ran farslar oldu\u011funa g\u00f6r\u0259, Turan s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn «T\u00fcran» olaraq xat\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131, Midiya v\u0259 Saklar\u0131n \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259nmi v\u0259 ya farslardanm\u0131 ke\u00e7diyi bilinmir

.Mehmet Bayrakdar
<\/strong>
919 \u201cMedizm\u201d hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi i\u00e7in bkz. David F. Graf: Medism: Greek Collaboration with Achamenid Persia, Michigan, 1979.

920 Meyen (Ed.): Urspr. und Anf. des Christ., c. II, s. 74, note 2.

921 Lenormant (Fr.): Histoire Ancienne, 9. bask\u0131, Paris, 1887, c. 5, s. 382.

922 Benveniste (E.): The Persian Religion Accoding to the Chief Greek Texts, Paris,P.Geutner, 1929, s. 10, 14.

923 Pliny: Nat. Hist.,VIII. 8,17,44; X. 85,185.

924 W. Reese, Aristo\u2019nun s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fi Hind ve Pers hayvanlar\u0131n\u0131n isimlerinin bir kolleksiyononu yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bkz. Reese (W.): Die Griechschen Nachrichten \u00fcber Indien, Leipzig, 1914, s. 32-34.

925 Saulcy (F. de) : Recherches sur la Chronologie des Empires de Ninive, de Babylone et d\u2019Ecbatane, Paris, 1850, s. 4, dipnot 2.

926 Diogenes Laertius : 1.1-2.

927 Meuli (K.j : \u201cScyhtica\u201d, Hermes, c. 70,1935, s. 171-176.; West (M. L .): The Orphic Poems, London, Clarendon Press, 1983, s. 149.

928 L\u00a3vy (I.); Le\u011fende de Pythagore Paris, 1926; Clemen (A.): \u201cDie Griechischen und Lateinishen Nachrichen \u00fcber die Persischen Religion\u201d, ZDMG., 1865, s. 1 vd. ve 1866, s. 42 vd.

929 Porphyrius : Life of Pythagoras 12 ; Clements ; Stromata 1.15 ; J. L. Lydus ; De Mensibus II. 4.

930 Aelianus: V. H. 2, 26

931 Bkz. Smullyan (R.): 5000 BC and Other Philosophical Fantasies, New York,1984.

932 Darmesteter (J.) : Le Zend-Avesta, c. III, s. LXXVI.I

933 Diogenes Laeritus: Prooem. 2.

934 Eflatun: Alcibiades, I. 121.

935 Eflatun: Leg. X, 896E.

936 Diogenes Laeritus: Proem 1 ,1; 8.

937 Agy.: Age., 1.8.

938 Aristo: Metaph. XIV, 4, 1091B.

939 Benveniste (E.): Age., s. 17-21.

940 Agy.: Age., sz. 118; Gnoli (G.) : \u201c Questioni sull\u2019interpretazione della dottrina gathica, AION\u201d, NS\u201e XXI,, 1971, s. 361 vd.

941 Moulton (J.H.) : Early Zoroastrianisme,; Camoy (A.J.) : Le Mus\u00f6on, c. 9,

942 Konuyla ilgili farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerin \u00f6zeti i\u00e7in bkz. Charen (T.): \u201cThe Etymology of Medicine\u201d, Bull. of the Medical Library of Association, c. 39, No. 3,1954, s.216-221.

943 Ustinova (Y.) : \u201cGreek Knowledge of Thracian and Scythian Healing of Practices and Ideas on Afterlife and Immortality\u201d,Ephemeris Napoces, c. 14-15, 2004-2005, s. 41-52. Ayr\u0131ca bas\u0131m a\u015famas\u0131nda olan Yunanistan\u2019da Saka T\u00fcrk\u00fc \u00dc\u00e7 Filozof adl\u0131 eserimize de bak\u0131labilir.

944 Clement: Protrepticus, 12.

945 Beck (R.): \u201cZoroaster as Perceived by the Greeks\u201d, Encyclopaedia Iranica, c.,2003, s.

946 Pliny: Natural History, xxx. 2,3.

947 Pliny: Age., xxx. 2,8-10.

948 French (R.) : Ancient Natural History, London, Routlege, 1994, s. 227.

NOT: Tanr\u0131\u00e7a Afrodit\u2019in Etr\u00fcskler\u2019deki ad\u0131 Turan\u2019d\u0131r (TVPAN). \u2013 Semra Bayraktar.

\u201cMaday\u2019\u0131n Cenubi Azerbaycan arazisinde, Mezopotamya\u2019n\u0131n bilavasite kom\u015fulu\u011funda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f Midiyal\u0131lardan (Medler-SB) oldu\u011funu bir \u00e7ok ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar kabul eder. Maday etnoniminin muas\u0131r T\u00fcrk halklar\u0131n\u0131n etnonimiyas\u0131nda rast gelinmesi
bu etnonimin T\u00fcrk men\u015feli oldu\u011funu tastikleyen belgelerdendir.\u201d

Aral\u0131k Denizi Havzas\u0131n\u0131n Erken Sakinleri: T\u00fcrkler
<\/strong>
Prof.Dr.\u00c7ingiz Gara\u015farl\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

«Midiyal\u0131lar Saklar i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259n eram\u0131zdan \u0259vv\u0259l 4500-c\u00fc ild\u0259 ayr\u0131l\u0131b bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259razisind\u0259 Mata (Mada) adland\u0131r\u0131lan liderl\u0259rinin r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi alt\u0131nda bir prinsipial olaraq tarix s\u0259hn\u0259sin\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131lar. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":22820,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-22813","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tarix"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22813","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=22813"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22813\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22821,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22813\/revisions\/22821"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/22820"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=22813"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=22813"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=22813"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}