{"id":25963,"date":"2021-01-09T12:05:07","date_gmt":"2021-01-09T08:05:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=25963"},"modified":"2021-01-09T18:09:11","modified_gmt":"2021-01-09T14:09:11","slug":"sagsagan-xeyir-x%c9%99b%c9%99r-carcisina-indi-inanan-azdir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=25963","title":{"rendered":"SA\u011eSA\u011eAN \u2013 \u201cXEY\u0130R X\u018fB\u018fR CAR\u00c7ISI\u201dNA \u0130ND\u0130 \u0130NANAN AZDIR"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Dirili Qurbani M\u0259clisi (Fb): <\/strong>\u0130st\u0259kli dostlar, sevgili oxucular! Diqq\u0259tiniz\u0259 t\u0259qdim etdiyimiz bu yaz\u0131lar d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259n \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259ki m\u00f6ht\u0259\u015f\u0259m Q\u018fL\u018fB\u018fM\u0130ZD\u018fN \u0259vv\u0259l bir ayr\u0131 ovqat da\u015f\u0131y\u0131rd\u0131sa, indi yeni bir mahiyy\u0259t k\u0259sb edir. \u0130st\u0259r m\u0259qal\u0259ni, ist\u0259rs\u0259 d\u0259 \u015feirl\u0259ri k\u00f6hn\u0259lmi\u015f saymaq do\u011fru olmazd\u0131. Bu h\u0259m d\u0259 arxiv\u0259 \u00e7evrilm\u0259kd\u0259 olan yax\u0131n tariximizi biz\u0259 xat\u0131rladacaq bir n\u00fcmun\u0259 kimi diqq\u0259t\u0259layiqdir. \u018fn yax\u015f\u0131s\u0131 oxuyun, hali olun, \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcz bil\u0259c\u0259ksiniz.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sa\u011fsa\u011fan (Pica pica) \u2013 qu\u015flar sinfinin qar\u011falar f\u0259sil\u0259sin\u0259 aid cinsdir. Bu cinsin mavi sa\u011fsa\u011fan, qirm\u0131z\u0131dimdik g\u00f6y\u00fcmt\u00fcl sa\u011fsa\u011fan, ya\u015f\u0131l\u0131mt\u0131l sa\u011fsa\u011fan v\u0259 s. kimi n\u00f6vl\u0259ri vard\u0131r. B\u0259d\u0259ninin r\u0259ngi a\u011f-qaradan, t\u00fcnd-ya\u015f\u0131l, yaxud metal par\u0131lt\u0131s\u0131na malik g\u00f6y r\u0259ng\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r d\u0259yi\u015fir. B\u0259d\u0259nl\u0259rinin uzunlu\u011fu 45-48 sm, \u00e7\u0259kil\u0259ri 160-250 q-d\u0259k olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Polarktika v\u0259 \u015eimali Amerikan\u0131n \u015fimal-q\u0259rbind\u0259, Ukraynada, Rusiyan\u0131n Maqadan vilay\u0259tind\u0259, tundra v\u0259 s\u0259hradan ba\u015fqa h\u0259r yerd\u0259, Avropan\u0131n \u015fimal\u0131nda, M\u0259rk\u0259zi Asiya v\u0259 Hindistanda, Q\u0259rbi-\u015e\u0259rqi Afrikada, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcz\u0259nlik v\u0259 da\u011f\u0259t\u0259yi zonalar\u0131nda yay\u0131l\u0131blar. Sa\u011fsa\u011fanlar \u00e7ay d\u0259r\u0259l\u0259ri boyunca da\u011flar\u0131n 1800 metr\u0259d\u0259k h\u00fcnd\u00fcrl\u00fckl\u0259rin\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r u\u00e7ub qalx\u0131rlar. Oturaq h\u0259yat t\u0259rzin\u0259 malik olan bu qu\u015flar seyr\u0259k v\u0259 al\u00e7aqboylu me\u015f\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259, kolluqlarda, a\u011facl\u0131qlarda, x\u0131rda me\u015f\u0259l\u0259rin k\u0259nar\u0131nda, da\u011f v\u0259 da\u011f\u0259t\u0259yi zonalarda, yar\u011fanlarda, ba\u011f v\u0259 parklarda, qism\u0259n \u00e7ay vadil\u0259rind\u0259 v\u0259 ki\u00e7ik \u00e7aylar boyunca olan p\u00f6hr\u0259likl\u0259rd\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131rlar. Sa\u011fsa\u011fanlar geni\u015f me\u015f\u0259 massivl\u0259rind\u0259n qa\u00e7\u0131rlar. C\u00fctl\u0259rl\u0259 ya\u015fy\u0131r, q\u0131\u015f d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 d\u0259 bir yerd\u0259 olurlar. Pay\u0131zda onlar yuva yerl\u0259rind\u0259n uzaqla\u015f\u0131r v\u0259 d\u0259st\u0259 hal\u0131nda u\u00e7urlar. Q\u0131\u015fda \u00e7oxlu qar d\u00fc\u015f\u0259n vaxtlarda \u0259halinin ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f m\u0259sk\u0259nl\u0259rin\u0259 yax\u0131n yerl\u0259rd\u0259 dolanaraq \u00f6zl\u0259rin\u0259 yem g\u0259zirl\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sa\u011fsa\u011fan \u2013 h\u0259r \u015fey yey\u0259n qu\u015fdur. Bel\u0259 ki, qida rasionunda \u0259sas yeri m\u00fcxt\u0259lif h\u0259\u015f\u0259ratlar (o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n z\u0259r\u0259rli c\u00fcc\u00fcl\u0259rd\u0259n x\u0131r\u0131ldaq b\u00f6c\u0259k, tax\u0131lbiti, taxtabiti, mi\u015far\u00e7\u0131 b\u00f6c\u0259k, \u00e7\u0259yirtk\u0259, k\u0259p\u0259n\u0259k v\u0259 b. ) v\u0259 onlar\u0131n s\u00fcrf\u0259l\u0259ri tutmaqla b\u0259rab\u0259r, molyusklar, x\u0131rda qu\u015flar v\u0259 qu\u015f yumurtalar\u0131, onlar\u0131n balalar\u0131, ki\u00e7ik ilanlar, k\u0259rt\u0259nk\u0259l\u0259, bal\u0131q v\u0259 insanlar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n at\u0131lan h\u0259r c\u00fcr qida qal\u0131qlar\u0131, bitki m\u0259n\u015f\u0259li qidalardan meyv\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 toxumlar\u0131 (tax\u0131l d\u0259ni), o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n g\u00fcn\u0259baxan, yemi\u015f, boran\u0131, qarp\u0131z, m\u00fcxt\u0259lif alaq otlar\u0131n tutur. Bundan ba\u015fqa, sa\u011fsa\u011fan\u0131n qidas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfata ciddi z\u0259r\u0259r ver\u0259n kolorodo b\u00f6c\u0259yi, si\u00e7ovulab\u0259nz\u0259r g\u0259miricil\u0259r d\u0259 t\u0259\u015fkil edir. Sa\u011fsa\u011fan\u0131n \u00e7oxalma d\u00f6vr\u00fc erk\u0259n yazda, mart ay\u0131nda ba\u015flay\u0131r. \u018fvv\u0259lc\u0259 yuva qurulur. Yuvan\u0131 erk\u0259k v\u0259 di\u015fi sa\u011fsa\u011fan birlikd\u0259 s\u0131x budaqlar\u0131 olan kolluqlarda, yaxud 2,5-18 m h\u00fcnd\u00fcrl\u00fcy\u00fc olan a\u011faclarda d\u00fcz\u0259ldirl\u0259r. Yuva k\u00fcr\u0259\u015f\u0259killi olub, m\u00fchitd\u0259n yax\u015f\u0131 gizl\u0259dilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bay\u0131r t\u0259r\u0259fi qal\u0131n v\u0259 uzun budaqlardan h\u00f6r\u00fcl\u0259n kasa\u015f\u0259killi yuvan\u0131n \u0259sas hiss\u0259si gil v\u0259 ya armatur q\u0131r\u0131qlar\u0131ndan, nazik d\u0259mir \u00e7ubuqlardan, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 a\u011fac k\u00f6t\u00fckl\u0259rind\u0259n ibar\u0259t olur. Yuvan\u0131n in\u015fas\u0131nda istifad\u0259 edil\u0259n budaqlar yuxar\u0131 v\u0259 yan hiss\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 \u0259yil\u0259r\u0259k ta\u011f \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259tirir. Yuvan\u0131n bu c\u00fcr formada tikilm\u0259sinin \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259ti vard\u0131r. Bel\u0259 ki, yumurta v\u0259 ya sa\u011fsa\u011fan\u0131n k\u00f6rp\u0259 c\u00fcc\u0259l\u0259ri d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259nl\u0259rd\u0259n etibarl\u0131 qoruna bilir. Yan t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n giri\u015f \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn de\u015fik qoyulur. Yuvan\u0131n quruldu\u011fu \u0259razid\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131 olaraq, d\u00f6\u015f\u0259m\u0259 hiss\u0259si yum\u015faq ot v\u0259 ya heyvan t\u00fckl\u0259rind\u0259n (yunundan) haz\u0131rlan\u0131r. Yuvalar iri olub, h\u00fcnd\u00fcrl\u00fcy\u00fc 87-98 sm, xarici dimateri 44-52 sm, daxil diametri, 17-20 sm v\u0259 d\u0259rinliyi 7,5-9,5 sm olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sa\u011fsa\u011fanlar bir qayda olaraq, c\u0259nub rayonlarda mart\u0131n ax\u0131r\u0131, aprelin \u0259vv\u0259lind\u0259, \u015fimalda is\u0259 may ay\u0131nda yuvalay\u0131r v\u0259 ad\u0259t\u0259n yuvaya 34,1 X 24,2 mm \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcd\u0259, ya\u015f\u0131mt\u0131l-g\u00f6y, \u00e7il-\u00e7il l\u0259k\u0259li 3-9 yumurta qoyurlar. Yumurtalar\u0131n \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 di\u015fi f\u0259rd 17-20 g\u00fcn k\u00fcrt yat\u0131r. Erk\u0259k sa\u011fsa\u011fan\u0131n funksiyas\u0131 onu yeml\u0259m\u0259k, h\u0259m di\u015fini, h\u0259m d\u0259 yumurtalar\u0131 h\u0259r an g\u00f6zl\u0259nil\u0259n t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n qurumaqd\u0131r. Erk\u0259k qu\u015f di\u015fini yeml\u0259m\u0259kd\u0259n \u00f6tr\u00fc g\u00fcn \u0259rzind\u0259 3-7 d\u0259f\u0259 yuvaya daxil olur. T\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259 ba\u015f ver\u0259r\u0259c\u0259yini hiss ed\u0259n kimi h\u0259y\u0259canl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131rt\u0131 il\u0259 yumurta \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 k\u00fcrt yatm\u0131\u015f di\u015fini x\u0259b\u0259rdar edir. Onlar aldad\u0131c\u0131 manevrl\u0259rl\u0259 yuvadan uzaqla\u015faraq h\u0259m \u00f6zl\u0259rini, h\u0259m d\u0259 yumurtalar\u0131 qoruya bilirl\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lk g\u00fcnl\u0259r yumurtadan \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015f c\u00fcc\u0259ni di\u015fi sa\u011fsa\u011fan b\u0259d\u0259ni il\u0259 q\u0131zd\u0131r\u0131r. Yemi ana v\u0259 balaya ata sa\u011fsa\u011fan da\u015f\u0131y\u0131b g\u0259tirir. Sonrak\u0131 vaxtlar b\u00f6y\u00fcm\u0259kd\u0259 olan c\u00fcc\u0259l\u0259ri h\u0259r iki valideyn birlikd\u0259 yeml\u0259yirl\u0259r. K\u00f6rp\u0259 sa\u011fsa\u011fanlar yuvada t\u0259xmin\u0259n d\u00f6rd h\u0259ft\u0259 qal\u0131rlar. Yuvada qld\u0131\u011f\u0131 vaxtlarda balalar s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fcyr. Orta qur\u015faqda c\u00fcc\u0259l\u0259r mayda, yaxud iyun ay\u0131nda yumurtadan \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r. Sibird\u0259 is\u0259 \u00e7oxalma d\u00f6vr\u00fc nisb\u0259t\u0259n gec ba\u015flay\u0131r. Qeyd ed\u0259k ki, \u00e7oxalma zaman\u0131 sa\u011fsa\u011fanlar b\u0259z\u0259n x\u0131rda koloniyalarda yuvalay\u0131rlar.Sa\u011fsa\u011fan\u0131n balalar\u0131 ilk vaxtlar ya\u015fl\u0131 qu\u015flarla birg\u0259 dolan\u0131r v\u0259 yuva yerl\u0259rind\u0259n uza\u011fa u\u00e7ub getmirl\u0259r. Ba\u015fqa s\u00f6zl\u0259, yuvan\u0131 t\u0259rk etdikd\u0259n sonra balalar oradan \u00e7ox da uzaqla\u015fm\u0131r, qon\u015fu a\u011faclar\u0131n \u00e7\u0259tirl\u0259ri alt\u0131nda dola\u015f\u0131rlar. Valideynl\u0259r onlar\u0131 n\u0259zar\u0259td\u0259 saxlay\u0131r v\u0259 24-30 g\u00fcn yeml\u0259 t\u0259min edirl\u0259r. Bir m\u00fcdd\u0259t ke\u00e7dikd\u0259n yetkinl\u0259\u015f\u0259n sa\u011fsa\u011fanlar art\u0131q u\u00e7araq uzaq m\u0259saf\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 yay\u0131lma\u011fa ba\u015flay\u0131rlar. Pay\u0131zda sa\u011fsa\u011fanlar \u00e7ox da b\u00f6y\u00fck olmayan d\u0259st\u0259l\u0259r \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259tirm\u0259kl\u0259, insanlar\u0131n ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f m\u0259sk\u0259nl\u0259ri \u0259traf\u0131nda topla\u015f\u0131rlar. G\u00fcnd\u00fczl\u0259r \u0259halinin qida qal\u0131qlar\u0131 v\u0259 tullant\u0131larla yeml\u0259nir, ax\u015famlar gec\u0259l\u0259m\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn me\u015f\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 yollan\u0131rlar. Onlarla sa\u011fsa\u011fan birlikd\u0259 gec\u0259l\u0259yir. Yaz\u0131n g\u0259li\u015fi il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar sa\u011fsa\u011fanlar q\u0131\u015flama \u0259razisini t\u0259rk edib, yuvalama yerl\u0259rin\u0259 u\u00e7ub gedirl\u0259r.Yuxar\u0131da sa\u011fsa\u011fanlar\u0131n bir ne\u00e7\u0259 n\u00f6v\u00fc oldu\u011funu qeyd etmi\u015fdik. Haqqnda nisb\u0259t\u0259n geni\u015f m\u0259lumat verdiyimiz adi sa\u011fsa\u011fanla b\u0259rab\u0259r, onlara qohum olan dig\u0259r iki n\u00f6v bar\u0259d\u0259 is\u0259 q\u0131saca dan\u0131\u015fma\u011f\u0131 laz\u0131m bilirik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mavi sa\u011fsa\u011fan zahir\u0259n adi sa\u011fsa\u011fana ox\u015fasa da, onlardan ki\u00e7ik olmas\u0131 il\u0259 f\u0259rql\u0259nir. \u00c7\u0259kisi xeyli az olub, 60-80 q-d\u0131r. Ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131n yuxar\u0131 hiss\u0259si qara g\u00f6y\u00fcmt\u00fcl, yaxud b\u0259n\u00f6v\u015f\u0259yi metal par\u0131lt\u0131s\u0131na malikdir. Bel v\u0259 \u00e7iyin l\u0259l\u0259kl\u0259ri, quyruqlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131q boz, s\u00fckan v\u0259 \u00f6rt\u00fck l\u0259l\u0259kl\u0259ri mavi, bo\u011faz a\u011f, d\u00f6\u015f v\u0259 yelpik is\u0259 a\u00e7\u0131q boz r\u0259ngd\u0259dir. Mavi sa\u011fsa\u011fan\u0131n areal\u0131 da\u011f\u0131n\u0131qd\u0131r. Onlara C\u0259nubi-Q\u0259rbi Avropada, \u015e\u0259rqi Asiyada, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n \u00c7in, Koreya v\u0259 Yaponiyada rast g\u0259linir. \u018fsas\u0259n me\u015f\u0259 zolaqlar\u0131nda v\u0259 kolluqlarada, \u00e7ay vadil\u0259rind\u0259 m\u0259sk\u0259n sal\u0131rlar. Q\u0131\u015fda insan m\u0259sk\u0259nl\u0259rin\u0259 yax\u0131n yerl\u0259r\u0259 g\u0259lirl\u0259r. \u015e\u0259h\u0259r\u0259traf\u0131 \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 onlarla tez-tez qar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmaq olar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mavi sa\u011fsanlar kolniyalarla yuvalay\u0131r. \u00c7ox da b\u00f6y\u00fck olmayan kasayab\u0259nz\u0259r yuvalar\u0131n\u0131 kol v\u0259 ya a\u011faclar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda qururlar. May ay\u0131nda yuvada 5-7 yumurta yumurtlay\u0131rlar. Yumurtalar\u0131n r\u0259ngi boz-ya\u015f\u0131l, yaxud mavi-boz r\u0259ngd\u0259, \u00e7il-\u00e7il olur. \u00c7\u0259kil\u0259ri adi sa\u011fsa\u011fan\u0131n yumurtas\u0131ndan ki\u00e7ikdir: 26,7-19,5 mm. May ay\u0131n\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda v\u0259 iyunun \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 bu yumurtalardan c\u00fcc\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r. Balalar b\u00f6y\u00fcd\u00fckd\u0259n sonra oktyabr\u0131n ax\u0131r\u0131, noyabr\u0131n \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 \u015fimal b\u00f6lg\u0259sind\u0259n c\u0259nuba do\u011fru u\u00e7ub gedirl\u0259r. Mavi sa\u011fsa\u011fanlar\u0131n qidas\u0131n\u0131 h\u0259\u015f\u0259ratlar, yaban\u0131 bitkil\u0259rin meyv\u0259 v\u0259 toxumlar\u0131 t\u0259\u015fkil edir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131dimdik mavi sa\u011fsa\u011fanlara Asiyada, \u015eimal-Q\u0259rbi Himalaydan Neapala q\u0259d\u0259r h\u0259r yerd\u0259 rast g\u0259lm\u0259k olur. Ba\u015f v\u0259 boyun hiss\u0259si qara, peys\u0259ri is\u0259 iri a\u011f l\u0259k\u0259li, yaxud \u00e7il-\u00e7ildir. Qanadlar\u0131 boz, quyru\u011fu g\u00f6y r\u0259ngd\u0259 olub, ucu \u0259sas\u0259n a\u011fd\u0131r. B\u0259d\u0259nin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 hiss\u0259si q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131-qonur r\u0259ng\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131r. \u00c7ox da b\u00f6y\u00fck olmayan qruplarala da\u011f\u0259t\u0259yi zonalarda ya\u015fay\u0131rlar. Bu sa\u011fsa\u011fanlar\u0131n kasayab\u0259nz\u0259r yuvalar\u0131 \u00f6rt\u00fcks\u00fcz olmas\u0131 il\u0259 se\u00e7ilir. Q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131dimdik sa\u011fsa\u011fanlar m\u00fcxt\u0259lif h\u00fcnd\u00fcrl\u00fckl\u00fc a\u011faclar\u0131n nazik budaqlar\u0131nda yuvalay\u0131r v\u0259 yuvan\u0131n i\u00e7\u0259risini a\u011faclar\u0131n yum\u015faq k\u00f6kc\u00fckl\u0259ri il\u0259 d\u00f6\u015f\u0259yirl\u0259r. Qidalar\u0131n\u0131 yerd\u0259 tap\u0131r v\u0259 onunla yeml\u0259nirl\u0259r.Sa\u011fsa\u011fanlar\u0131n faydal\u0131 c\u0259h\u0259tl\u0259ri v\u0259 dig\u0259r x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri bar\u0259d\u0259 d\u0259 bir ne\u00e7\u0259 s\u00f6z dem\u0259yi vacib sayd\u0131q. B\u0259zil\u0259ri sa\u011fsa\u011fan\u0131 z\u0259r\u0259rli qu\u015flar hesab edirl\u0259r. Ancaq bu, onlar\u0131n g\u00f6rd\u00fckl\u0259ri faydal\u0131 i\u015fl\u0259rin m\u00fcqabilind\u0259 xeyli d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 azd\u0131r. Bel\u0259 ki, sa\u011fsa\u011fanlar z\u0259r\u0259li c\u00fcc\u00fcl\u0259ri t\u0259l\u0259f etm\u0259kl\u0259 k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131na b\u00f6y\u00fck fayda verirl\u0259r.Yax\u0131n ke\u00e7mi\u015f\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r sa\u011fsa\u011fanlara yaln\u0131z k\u0259nd rayonlar\u0131nda rast g\u0259linirdis\u0259, son ill\u0259rd\u0259 onlar geni\u015f \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259r h\u0259yat\u0131na da daxil olma\u011fa ba\u015flay\u0131blar. Bizc\u0259, h\u0259yat t\u0259rzind\u0259ki bu d\u0259yi\u015fiklil\u0259r sa\u011fsa\u011fanlar\u0131n qida \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259ri il\u0259 \u00fczl\u0259\u015fm\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n ir\u0259li g\u0259lir. Y\u0259ni, insanlara p\u0259nah g\u0259tir\u0259n sa\u011fsa\u011fanlar, h\u0259m dolan\u0131\u015f\u0131q, h\u0259m d\u0259 t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik bax\u0131mdan sanki \u00f6z h\u0259yatlar\u0131n\u0131 onlara etibar etmi\u015f olurlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sa\u011fsa\u011fanlar h\u0259yat t\u0259rzi il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar ya\u015fad\u0131qlar\u0131 m\u00fchit\u0259 tamamil\u0259 uy\u011funla\u015fm\u0131\u015f heyvanlardan biridir. Ona g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 onlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ya\u015famaq he\u00e7 d\u0259 \u00e7\u0259tin deyildir. H\u0259r \u015feyl\u0259 qidalana bilm\u0259l\u0259ri d\u0259 bunu s\u00fcbut edir. A\u011f\u0131r durumdan \u00e7\u0131xma\u011f\u0131n yollar\u0131n\u0131 da yax\u015f\u0131 bilrl\u0259r. Biri mikrot\u0259kam\u00fcld\u0259 sinantrop qu\u015flara \u00e7evrilm\u0259l\u0259ridir. \u018fhalinin ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f m\u0259sk\u0259nl\u0259rin\u0259 yax\u0131n \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 m\u0259skunla\u015fmalar\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, sa\u011fsa\u011fanlar bacar\u0131ql\u0131 qu\u015flard\u0131r. B\u0259zi qu\u015flar sa\u011fsa\u011fanlar\u0131 imitasiya etm\u0259k yolu il\u0259 t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259ni asanl\u0131qla d\u0259f edirl\u0259r. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, sa\u011fsa\u011fan c\u00fcll\u00fct bel\u0259 qu\u015flardand\u0131r. \u00c7ovdar\u00e7\u0131lar f\u0259sil\u0259sin\u0259 m\u0259nsub olan c\u00fcll\u00fctl\u0259ri sa\u011fsa\u011fana ox\u015fad\u0131qlar\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 sa\u011fsa\u011fan c\u00fcll\u00fct adland\u0131r\u0131rlar. Bunlar\u0131n b\u0259d\u0259ninin uzunlu\u011fu 40 sm, \u00e7\u0259kisi 500 qramd\u0131r. Qar\u0131n t\u0259r\u0259fi a\u011f, qalan yeri qarad\u0131r. Qanadlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 a\u011f zolaq vard\u0131r. Sahil qu\u015flar\u0131 olub, Az\u0259rbaycana k\u00f6\u00e7m\u0259 vaxt\u0131 g\u0259lirl\u0259r. \u0130lbiz, x\u0259r\u00e7\u0259ng, c\u00fcc\u00fc, x\u0131rda bal\u0131qlarla qidalan\u0131rlar. 2-4 yumurta qoyur, 24-27 g\u00fcn k\u00fcrt yat\u0131b bala \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131rlar.Zootoponiml\u0259r aras\u0131nda sa\u011fsa\u011fan m\u0259n\u015f\u0259li yer adlar\u0131na rast g\u0259linm\u0259si h\u0259m maraql\u0131d\u0131r, h\u0259m d\u0259 t\u0259\u0259cc\u00fcb do\u011furmur. Bu, onlar\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck d\u0259st\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 uzun m\u00fcddt ya\u015fad\u0131qlar\u0131, yaxud rast g\u0259lindikl\u0259ri yer d\u0259 ola bil\u0259r. Eyni zamanda sa\u011fsa\u011fanla ba\u011fl\u0131 toponiml\u0259rin yaranmas\u0131n\u0131 \u0259halinin ona x\u00fcsusi hal kimi m\u00fcnasib\u0259ti il\u0259 d\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ndirm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bel\u0259 ki, Qarqar v\u0259 Xa\u00e7\u0131n \u00e7aylar\u0131n\u0131n suayr\u0131c\u0131nda yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n Qaraba\u011f silsil\u0259sinin \u015fimal-\u015f\u0259rq qolunun Sa\u011fsa\u011fan silsil\u0259si adland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 bizc\u0259, t\u0259sad\u00fcfi deyildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sa\u011fsa\u011fanla ba\u011fl\u0131 \u015fifaihi xalq \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131nda ist\u0259niln q\u0259d\u0259r material vard\u0131r. Sirr deyildir ki, ulular\u0131m\u0131z sa\u011fsa\u011fana \u201cxeyir x\u0259b\u0259r\u201d qu\u015fu, \u201cxo\u015f x\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259r m\u00fcjd\u0259\u00e7isi\u201d kimi yana\u015fm\u0131\u015f, h\u0259tta onunla \u0259laq\u0259li n\u0259\u011fm\u0259 d\u0259 yaratm\u0131\u015flar. Bel\u0259 ki, evin astanas\u0131ndak\u0131 a\u011fac, dir\u0259k v\u0259 ya dam \u00fcst\u00fcn\u0259 qonub c\u00fckk\u00fcld\u0259y\u0259n sa\u011fsa\u011fana m\u00fcraci\u0259tl\u0259 dey\u0259rdil\u0259r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Xeyir x\u0259b\u0259r, sa\u011fsa\u011fan!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O\u011flunun o\u011flu olub,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Q\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n o\u011flu olub,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00fc\u015fm\u0259ninin kor q\u0131z\u0131 olub.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yerini d\u0259yi\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcm kim g\u0259lir?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yaxud,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yerini d\u0259yi\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcm n\u0259 x\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259 g\u0259lmis\u0259n?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sa\u011fsa\u011fanla az qala canl\u0131 dan\u0131\u015f\u0131q, \u015fad x\u0259b\u0259r intizar\u0131nda olan n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rin yaras\u0131na sanki m\u0259lh\u0259m qoyur, onu inand\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131 ki, m\u00fctl\u0259q \u00fcmidi do\u011frulacaq. Sa\u011fsa\u011fan yerini d\u0259yi\u015fib, ard\u0131c\u0131l c\u00fckk\u00fcld\u0259yirs\u0259, tez-tez dimdiyini yer\u0259 vurub qald\u0131r\u0131rsa, dem\u0259li kims\u0259, \u00e7oxdan h\u0259sr\u0259ti \u00e7\u0259kil\u0259n \u015f\u0259xs, g\u00f6zl\u0259nil\u0259n x\u0259b\u0259r ger\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259\u015f\u0259c\u0259k. B\u0259z\u0259n, h\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259n d\u0259 bu, ba\u015f verirdi. Lakin II D\u00fcnya m\u00fcharibsind\u0259n sonra bu inamla ill\u0259r uzun o\u011flunu, qarda\u015f\u0131n\u0131, \u0259rini g\u00f6zl\u0259yib murad\u0131na \u00e7atmayanlar da az olmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131. H\u0259r halda onlar sa\u011fsa\u011fandan incimir, taleyl\u0259ri il\u0259 bar\u0131\u015f\u0131b, g\u00f6zl\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259hkum olurdular. Sa\u011fsa\u011fan\u0131n \u201ck\u00f6k qohumu\u201d qara qar\u011faya is\u0259 m\u00fcnasib\u0259t bamba\u015fqayd\u0131. Qara qar\u011fan\u0131n evin q\u0259n\u015f\u0259rind\u0259ki dir\u0259k v\u0259 ya a\u011fac ba\u015f\u0131na qonub qar\u0131ldamas\u0131 \u015f\u0259r niyy\u0259t\u0259, b\u0259d x\u0259b\u0259r\u0259 yozular, inams\u0131zl\u0131q yaradar, insanlar\u0131n fikrini m\u0259\u015f\u011ful ed\u0259rdi. Baba-n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rimiz d\u0259rhal yerd\u0259n bir da\u015f, k\u0259rs\u0259k, yaxud a\u011fac g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcb qar\u011faya atar, \u201cdimdiyin\u0259 l\u0259n\u0259t, c\u0259h\u0259nn\u0259m ol burdan\u201d, dey\u0259r\u0259k s\u00f6y\u00fcb qovard\u0131lar. Qar\u011fan\u0131n yerini d\u0259yi\u015fib yax\u0131nl\u0131qdak\u0131 ba\u015fqa bir a\u011faca qonaraq t\u0259krar qar\u0131ldamas\u0131 bu h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tin b\u0259db\u0259xt hadis\u0259 il\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259n\u0259c\u0259yin\u0259 i\u015far\u0259 kimi qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirilirdi. Bu zaman qar\u011fa qar\u0131ldayan s\u0259mt\u0259 heyvan peyini tullayar, onu yamanlayard\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u018flb\u0259tt\u0259, bunlar bir inanc kimi, s\u0131nama kimi xalq\u0131n yadda\u015f\u0131nda n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 yer el\u0259s\u0259 d\u0259, h\u0259r iki qu\u015fun t\u0259bi\u0259t v\u0259 t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn faydal\u0131 c\u0259h\u0259tl\u0259ri misilsizdir. \u015e\u00fcbh\u0259siz, biz h\u0259min qu\u015flar\u0131n \u0259halinin t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat v\u0259 m\u0259i\u015f\u0259tind\u0259ki z\u0259r\u0259rli f\u0259aliyy\u0259tl\u0259rini d\u0259 istisna etmirik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heyvanlara m\u00fcnasib\u0259t t\u0259kc\u0259 folklor n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 deyil, yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u0259d\u0259biyyatda da \u0259ks olunub. Klassikl\u0259rimizin \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259 bel\u0259 n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259r yet\u0259rinc\u0259dir. \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131nda da oxucuya t\u0259qdim etdiyimiz m\u00f6vzuya aid \u00e7oxlu hekay\u0259 v\u0259 \u015feirl\u0259r vard\u0131r. \u00d6mr\u00fcn\u0259 yurd a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, nakam \u015fair Vahid Tumasl\u0131 (H\u00fcseynov) \u201cG\u00f6zl\u0259y\u0259si kimim var?\u201d<\/strong> adl\u0131 \u015feirind\u0259 y\u00fcz, b\u0259lk\u0259 d\u0259 min ill\u0259rl\u0259 xalq inanclar\u0131nda \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 t\u0259rp\u0259nm\u0259z yer el\u0259mi\u015f Sa\u011fsa\u011fana m\u00fcnasib\u0259tini a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 kimi ifad\u0259 edirdi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O\u011flu itkin d\u00fc\u015f\u0259n, \u00f6l\u0259n, qalan var<\/strong>,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bo\u011faza y\u0131\u011f\u0131bd\u0131 m\u0259ni yalanlar.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yaz\u0131qsan, b\u0259lk\u0259 d\u0259 k\u00f6rp\u0259 balan var,<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir d\u0259 bu qap\u0131ya g\u0259lm\u0259, sa\u011fsa\u011fan.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015e\u00fcbh\u0259siz, bu \u015feirin yaranma s\u0259b\u0259bi 20 ild\u0259n \u00e7oxdur ki, bitib-t\u00fck\u0131nm\u0259y\u0259n Qaraba\u011f m\u00fcharib\u0259sinin g\u0259tirdiyi ac\u0131lard\u0131r. Sa\u011fsa\u011fan\u0131n \u201cxo\u015f x\u0259b\u0259r\u201d m\u00fcjd\u0259si daha inand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcr. Bununla bel\u0259, \u015fair sa\u011fsa\u011fan\u0131n hal\u0131na yan\u0131r, k\u00f6rp\u0259 balas\u0131na i\u015far\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k, onu ill\u0259rdir yalan\u00e7\u0131 \u201cm\u00fcjd\u0259l\u0259ri\u201d il\u0259 aldatmas\u0131na baxmayaraq \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259yini bildirir v\u0259 qap\u0131dan qovur. \u015eair V. Tumasl\u0131 d\u00fczg\u00fcn olaraq, sa\u011fsa\u011fan\u0131n elmi c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n qar\u011falarla qohumluq \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259rini g\u00f6st\u0259rir: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u2026F\u0259rqi yox qarasan, yoxsa alasan,<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qar\u011fa olma\u011f\u0131na el\u0259 qar\u011fasan.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Burada m\u00fc\u0259llif sa\u011fsa\u011fan\u0131n \u201c\u015fad x\u0259b\u0259r\u201dl\u0259r da\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011funu xat\u0131rlatmaqla b\u0259rab\u0259r, qar\u011fan\u0131n b\u0259du\u011fur xarakterinin art\u0131q sa\u011fsa\u011fan\u0131n timsal\u0131nda \u00fcz\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259\u0259ss\u00fcf hissil\u0259 bildir\u0259r\u0259k, s\u0259b\u0259bini \u201cya\u011fl\u0131 ba\u011farsaqlar\u201d yem\u0259sind\u0259 (y\u0259ni, har\u0131nlamas\u0131nda, bu s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n \u00e7a\u015fmas\u0131nda) g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Ona g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 insanlar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131x\u0131lmaz v\u0259ziyy\u0259tind\u0259 hissl\u0259ril\u0259 oynay\u0131r, onlar\u0131 \u0259l\u0259 sal\u0131r. Qara g\u00fcnl\u0259rin sora\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u015fad-x\u00fcrr\u0259m hal kimi \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yozanlar xeyir\u0259 yozubdu s\u0259ni,<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qara x\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259rin \u00fcz\u00fcbd\u00fc m\u0259ni.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ya\u011fl\u0131 ba\u011farsaqlar pozubdu s\u0259ni,<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir d\u0259 bu qap\u0131ya g\u0259lm\u0259 sa\u011fsa\u011fan.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fikrimizc\u0259, Vahid Tumasl\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcged\u0259n \u015feiri b\u00fct\u00f6vl\u00fckd\u0259 ictimai-siyasi \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t da\u015f\u0131y\u0131r ki, bu da ba\u015fad\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u0259ndir. Qeyd etdiyimiz kimi, \u0259srin d\u00f6rdd\u0259 birind\u0259n ziyad\u0259 i\u015f\u011fal alt\u0131nda qalan torpaqlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, yurd yerl\u0259rimizin n\u0259sl-n\u0259sl t\u00f6k\u00fcl\u0259n insanlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u0259n V\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f \u015eair bundan \u00f6zg\u0259 n\u0259 c\u00fcr yazmal\u0131 idi? Sa\u011fsa\u011fan, \u0259slind\u0259 ad\u0131 bir qu\u015fdur. H\u0259yat t\u0259rzi v\u0259 davran\u0131\u015f\u0131, \u00fcmumilikd\u0259 biologiyas\u0131, sa\u011fsa\u011fan\u0131n n\u0259inki t\u0259bi\u0259t, h\u0259m\u00e7inin \u0259halinin t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u0259 faydal\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnd\u0259 canlad\u0131r\u0131r. V.Tumasl\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n \u201cG\u00f6zl\u0259y\u0259si kimim var?\u201d \u015feirind\u0259n sonra ona xeyli n\u0259zir\u0259l\u0259r yaz\u0131l\u0131b. Kimi \u015fairi q\u0131nay\u0131r, kimi t\u0259qdir edir, kimi d\u0259 sa\u011fsa\u011fana ikili m\u00fcnasib\u0259tini ortaya qoyur. Fakt is\u0259 faktl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda qal\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sa\u011fsa\u011fan bioloji n\u00f6v kimi z\u0259r\u0259rli qu\u015f deyil. Heyvanlar\u0131n h\u0259yat t\u0259rzi v\u0259 qorunma\u011fa ehtiyac\u0131 onlara m\u00fcxt\u0259lif c\u00fcr yana\u015fma\u011f\u0131 t\u0259l\u0259b etmi\u015fdir. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, babalar\u0131m\u0131z bayqu\u015fa \u201cxarabal\u0131q sev\u0259n qu\u015f\u201d, a\u011facd\u0259l\u0259n\u0259 \u201cme\u015f\u0259l\u0259rin h\u0259kimi\u201d, qaranqu\u015fa \u201cyaz\u0131n m\u00fcjd\u0259\u00e7isi\u201d, g\u00f6y\u0259r\u00e7in\u0259 \u201cs\u00fclh qu\u015fu\u201d, qar\u011faya \u201cb\u0259du\u011fur\u201d, sa\u011fsa\u011fana \u201c\u201dxo\u015f x\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259r\u201d m\u00fcjd\u0259\u00e7isi v\u0259 s. t\u0259ki baxm\u0131\u015f, el\u0259 bu c\u00fcr d\u0259 qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirmi\u015fl\u0259r. Biz bunu dig\u0259r kateqoriyadan olan heyvanlara da, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n bitkil\u0259r\u0259 aid ed\u0259 bil\u0259rik. Bu yolla, h\u0259l\u0259 qanunlar\u0131n b\u0259rq\u0259rar olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarixi d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259 canl\u0131lar\u0131n \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti m\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259sl\u0259\u015firil\u0259r\u0259k qorunmu\u015f v\u0259 n\u0259slinin k\u0259silm\u0259sinin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yusif D\u0130R\u0130L\u0130 (MAHMUDOV), <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u018ftraf m\u00fchit t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

P.S. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da m\u0259rhum, istedadl\u0131 \u015fairimiz, C\u0259bray\u0131l rayonunun Da\u011ftumas k\u0259ndind\u0259n olan Vahid Tumasl\u0131n\u0131n «Sa\u011fsa\u011fan» \u015feirini v\u0259 onun xatir\u0259sin\u0259 \u015fairin bac\u0131s\u0131 o\u011flu X\u0259yyam M\u0259m\u0259dovun yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 eyniadl\u0131 qo\u015fqusunu t\u0259qdim edirim. Allah Vahid m\u00fc\u0259llim\u0259 q\u0259ni-q\u0259ni r\u0259hm\u0259t el\u0259sin, ruhu \u015fad olsun ki, art\u0131q yurd yerl\u0259rimiz igid o\u011fullar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n h\u00fcn\u0259rin\u0259 qar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259nd\u0259n t\u0259mizl\u0259ndi. X\u0259yyam b\u0259y\u0259 is\u0259 can sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, u\u011furlar arzulay\u0131ram!<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n