{"id":2661,"date":"2020-03-17T03:07:17","date_gmt":"2020-03-16T23:07:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=2661"},"modified":"2020-03-17T03:07:22","modified_gmt":"2020-03-16T23:07:22","slug":"erm%c9%99nil%c9%99r-yaxin-s%c9%99rq-xalqlarini-s%c9%99libcil%c9%99r%c9%99-nec%c9%99-satmisdilar-tarixi-arasdirma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=2661","title":{"rendered":"Erm\u0259nil\u0259r Yax\u0131n \u015e\u0259rq xalqlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0259lib\u00e7il\u0259r\u0259 nec\u0259 satm\u0131\u015fd\u0131lar \u2013 TAR\u0130X\u0130 ARA\u015eDIRMA"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\n\nErm\u0259nil\u0259r d\u00fcnyan\u0131n h\u0259ssas b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n biri olan Orta \u015e\u0259rqd\u0259 daim ya m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259 yaratmaqda, ya da m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259l\u0259rin q\u0131z\u0131\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda katalizator rolunu oynay\u0131blar. Eyni zamanda, batan g\u0259mini ilk t\u0259rk ed\u0259n g\u0259miricil\u0259r kimi Yax\u0131n \u015e\u0259rqd\u0259 m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259 alovlanan \u00f6lk\u0259ni ham\u0131dan qabaq t\u0259rk ed\u0259r\u0259k, dig\u0259r \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 qa\u00e7\u0131blar. \u018fr\u0259b \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 ba\u015f ver\u0259n son hadis\u0259l\u0259r zaman\u0131 da bunun \u015fahidi olduq.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erm\u0259nil\u0259rin h\u0259min regiona nec\u0259 g\u0259lib \u00e7\u0131xmalar\u0131 haqda m\u00fcxt\u0259lif fikirl\u0259r var. Onlar \u00f6zl\u0259ri guya b.e.\u0259. X-VI-c\u0131 \u0259srl\u0259r aras\u0131nda Tiqran\u0131n d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 \u201cB\u00f6y\u00fck Erm\u0259nistan X\u0259z\u0259r d\u0259nizind\u0259n Aral\u0131q d\u0259nizin\u0259d\u0259k uzand\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman\u201ddan etibar\u0259n orada ya\u015fad\u0131q\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 iddia ets\u0259l\u0259r d\u0259, tarixi faktlar ba\u015fqa versiyalar\u0131n h\u0259qiq\u0259t oldu\u011funu dem\u0259y\u0259 imkan verir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erm\u0259nil\u0259r S\u0259lib y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015fl\u0259ri zaman\u0131 Yax\u0131n \u015e\u0259rq\u0259 h\u00fccum ed\u0259n s\u0259lib\u00e7il\u0259rl\u0259 s\u0131x \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q ed\u0259n satq\u0131n xalq olublar. Buna q\u0259d\u0259r is\u0259 Yax\u0131n \u015e\u0259rqd\u0259 m\u0259skunla\u015fm\u0131\u015f pravoslav erm\u0259nil\u0259r h\u0259l\u0259 erk\u0259n orta \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 Konstantinopol Kils\u0259sin\u0259 tabe olduqlar\u0131 halda, Roma Katolik Kils\u0259si il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259 saxlay\u0131rd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1054-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Xristian kils\u0259sinin \u015e\u0259rq (pravoslav) v\u0259 Q\u0259rb (katolik) kils\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 par\u00e7alanmas\u0131 erm\u0259nil\u0259r\u0259 he\u00e7 bir t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259di, onlar h\u0259r iki t\u0259r\u0259f\u0259 — h\u0259m Roma taxt-tac\u0131na, h\u0259m d\u0259 Konstantinopol Patriarxl\u0131\u011f\u0131na xidm\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rirdil\u0259r. H\u0259tta Bizans\u0131n n\u0259zar\u0259tind\u0259 olan \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 ya\u015fad\u0131qlar\u0131 halda, romal\u0131lara casusluq edirdil\u0259r. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259, s\u0259lib y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015fl\u0259ri zaman\u0131 ora lat\u0131nlar pravoslav m\u0259zh\u0259bin\u0259 etiqad etm\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 baxmayaraq, erm\u0259nil\u0259r\u0259 toxunmad\u0131lar, \u00e7\u00fcnki onlar \u0259srl\u0259r boyu lat\u0131nlara xidm\u0259tl\u0259r g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015fdil\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Antioxiyadan olan m\u0259\u015fhur qanun t\u0259fsir\u00e7isi Nikon \u201cTaktikon\u201d adl\u0131 \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 Birinci Xa\u00e7 y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f\u00fc zaman\u0131 Pravoslav Antioxiya Patriarxl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tabe\u00e7iliyind\u0259 olan Antioxiya \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri \u0259traf\u0131nda (q\u0259dim Suriyada \u015f\u0259h\u0259r, indiki T\u00fcrkiy\u0259nin Hatay vilay\u0259tinin m\u0259rk\u0259zi olan Antakya) v\u0259 \u018fmman t\u0259p\u0259likl\u0259rind\u0259 \u00e7oxsayl\u0131 pravoslav erm\u0259ni rahibl\u0259rinin ya\u015fad\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Pravoslav erm\u0259nil\u0259r Qara da\u011fda \u00e7oxdan m\u0259skunla\u015fm\u0131\u015fd\u0131lar. \u201cTaktikon\u201dun 36-c\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Nikon Q\u00fcdsd\u0259ki Gerasim Ataya yaz\u0131r ki, Antioxiyan\u0131n s\u00fcqutundan sonra (1098-ci ild\u0259 s\u0259lib\u00e7il\u0259rin \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri s\u0259lcuq t\u00fcrkl\u0259rind\u0259n almas\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulur) Rodiu monast\u0131r\u0131na g\u0259l\u0259rk\u0259n o, burada \u00e7oxlu erm\u0259ni rahibl\u0259ri il\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131b. Erm\u0259nil\u0259r h\u0259m d\u0259 Antioxiyadan q\u0259rbd\u0259ki Div da\u011f\u0131nda yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n dig\u0259r monast\u0131rlarda da ya\u015fay\u0131rd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nikonun Antiox patriyarx\u0131na yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda deyilir: \u201cQ\u0259dim d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259n b\u0259ri onlar Mesapatomiyada ya\u015fay\u0131rlar v\u0259 burada onlar\u0131n \u00f6z mitropolitl\u0259ri vard\u0131r. B\u00fctp\u0259r\u0259st xalqlar\u0131n h\u00fccumlar\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 onlar m\u00fcxt\u0259lif \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 qa\u00e7\u0131blar. Onlar\u0131n mitropolitini Antioxiya patriarx\u0131 t\u0259yin edir, \u00e7\u00fcnki bu, \u015e\u0259rq taxt-tac\u0131d\u0131r\u201d. Bu, o dem\u0259kdir ki, Mesapatomiya \u0259razisind\u0259ki Antioxiya vilay\u0259ti Hindistandan qa\u00e7\u0131b g\u0259lmi\u015f qara\u00e7\u0131 \u0259silli k\u00f6\u00e7\u0259ri erm\u0259nil\u0259rin ikinci v\u0259t\u0259ni olub. \u018fg\u0259r onlar\u0131n iddia etdiyi kimi, \u201cB\u00f6y\u00fck Erm\u0259nistan\u201d do\u011frudan da, m\u00f6vcud olmu\u015f olsayd\u0131, yaxud onun qal\u0131qlar\u0131 bel\u0259 qalsayd\u0131, h\u0259min q\u00fcdr\u0259tli imperiya \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn titullu xalq\u0131 olan erm\u0259nil\u0259ri m\u00fcdafi\u0259 ed\u0259r v\u0259 onun t\u0259b\u0259\u0259l\u0259ri azsayl\u0131 b\u00fctp\u0259r\u0259st tayfalar\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndan qa\u00e7\u0131b, dig\u0259r \u0259razil\u0259r\u0259 s\u0259p\u0259l\u0259nm\u0259zdil\u0259r. Bu, onu g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, onlar h\u0259min \u0259raziy\u0259 g\u0259lm\u0259, azsayl\u0131, k\u00f6\u00e7\u0259ri tayfa olublar. H\u0259min \u0259razi indi \u0130\u015e\u0130D v\u0259 PKK aras\u0131nda d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fl\u0259rin getdiyi torpaqlard\u0131r v\u0259 erm\u0259nil\u0259r \u00f6z tarixi v\u0259t\u0259nl\u0259ri bar\u0259d\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u0259rs\u0259, gedib, \u0130\u015e\u0130D-l\u0259 vuru\u015fsalar, daha yax\u015f\u0131 olar.
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\"Erm\u0259nil\u0259r<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Erm\u0259ni mitropolitinin Antioxiya patriarx\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u0259yin edilm\u0259si d\u0259, onlar\u0131n m\u00fcst\u0259qil deyil, as\u0131l\u0131 tayfa oldu\u011funu s\u00fcbut edir. Ki\u00e7ik Asiyadak\u0131 dig\u0259r erm\u0259ni yeparxiyalar\u0131 da XI \u0259srd\u0259 lat\u0131n Antioxiya kafedras\u0131na tabe idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erm\u0259nil\u0259r ayr\u0131-ayr\u0131 imperiyalar\u0131n, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n, Bizans ordusunun t\u0259rkibind\u0259 muzdla vuru\u015furdular. \u00d6z imperiyas\u0131 olan xalq y\u0259qin ki, ba\u015fqa d\u00f6vl\u0259t \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn deyil, \u00f6z d\u00f6vl\u0259ti \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn vuru\u015fard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1071-ci il Malazgirt sava\u015f\u0131nda t\u00fcrkl\u0259rin q\u0259l\u0259b\u0259 \u00e7almas\u0131ndan, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 g\u00fcrc\u00fc d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin m\u00f6hk\u0259ml\u0259nm\u0259sind\u0259n sonra erm\u0259nil\u0259rin lat\u0131nlarla \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ri daha da s\u0131xla\u015f\u0131r. 1099-cu ild\u0259 s\u0259lib\u00e7il\u0259rin Q\u00fcds\u00fc t\u00fcrk s\u0259l\u00e7uqlardan almas\u0131ndan sonra orada Lat\u0131n Patriarxl\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u0259\u015f\u0259kk\u00fcl tap\u0131r. Yax\u0131n \u015e\u0259rqd\u0259ki s\u0259lib-m\u0259s\u0259lman qar\u015f\u0131durmas\u0131 zaman\u0131 erm\u0259nil\u0259r h\u0259r iki t\u0259r\u0259f\u0259 yaltaqlanmaqdan usanm\u0131rd\u0131lar. Onlar bir t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n xristianlara m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlara qar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcbariz\u0259d\u0259 yard\u0131m etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn lat\u0131nlarla dan\u0131\u015f\u0131qlar apar\u0131r, dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n is\u0259 m\u00fcs\u0259lman h\u00f6kmdarlarla m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259r saxlamaqda davam edirdil\u0259r. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, onlar \u018fyyubil\u0259rl\u0259 yax\u015f\u0131 \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259r qurmu\u015f, h\u0259tta Sultan \u0259l-M\u0259lik \u0259l-\u018f\u015fr\u0259f g\u00fcrc\u00fc-erm\u0259ni \u0259silli \u0130vane Zaxaryan\u0131n q\u0131z\u0131 il\u0259 evl\u0259nmi\u015fdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1255-ci ild\u0259 erm\u0259nil\u0259r \u00f6zl\u0259rini \u201cRoma Kils\u0259sinin o\u011fullar\u0131\u201d elan ed\u0259r\u0259k, kral XI L\u00fcdovikin el\u00e7il\u0259rin\u0259 Roma taxt-tac\u0131na tabe olmaq ist\u0259dikl\u0259rini bildiribl\u0259r. H\u0259min d\u00f6vrd\u0259 erm\u0259ni yeparxiyas\u0131 G\u00fcrc\u00fc Kils\u0259sinin t\u0259rkibind\u0259 idi. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, XIII \u0259srd\u0259n G\u00fcrc\u00fc Kils\u0259sind\u0259 m\u0259rk\u0259zd\u0259nqa\u00e7ma siyas\u0259ti y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u0259n pravoslav erm\u0259nil\u0259r separat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q ed\u0259r\u0259k, Roma taxt-tac\u0131na birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131lar. Bununla yana\u015f\u0131, erm\u0259ni-monofizit Kilikiya kils\u0259sind\u0259 d\u0259 Romaya tabe olmaq istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t geni\u015fl\u0259ndirilmi\u015fdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bununla bel\u0259, erm\u0259nil\u0259r g\u00fccl\u00fc siyasi q\u00fcvv\u0259 kimi q\u0259bul edilmirdil\u0259r. Baxmayaraq ki, Yax\u0131n \u015e\u0259rqd\u0259 s\u0259lib\u00e7il\u0259rin g\u0259li\u015fin\u0259 \u0259n \u00e7ox sevin\u0259n onlar idil\u0259r v\u0259 m\u0259hz onlar s\u0259lib\u00e7il\u0259ri s\u0259lcuq t\u00fcrkl\u0259rin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 daha amans\u0131z m\u00fcharib\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 t\u0259hrik etmi\u015fdil\u0259r. H\u0259min d\u00f6vrd\u0259 Yax\u0131n \u015e\u0259rqd\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7 \u0259sas xristian icmas\u0131 — yunanlar, erm\u0259ni pravoslavlar v\u0259 suriyal\u0131 melkitl\u0259r ya\u015fay\u0131rd\u0131lar. Yunanlar\u0131n \u0259razil\u0259ri m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n z\u0259bt edildiyind\u0259n, s\u0259lib\u00e7il\u0259r erm\u0259nil\u0259rin \u0259razil\u0259rind\u0259n dayaq m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259ri kimi istifad\u0259 edirdil\u0259r. Erm\u0259nil\u0259r s\u0259lib\u00e7il\u0259r\u0259 b\u0259l\u0259d\u00e7ilik edir, onlar\u0131 \u0259rzaq v\u0259 dig\u0259r z\u0259ruri \u015feyl\u0259rl\u0259 t\u0259min edirdil\u0259r. H\u0259tta 1098-ci ilin q\u0131\u015f\u0131nda s\u0259lib\u00e7il\u0259rl\u0259 birl\u0259\u015f\u0259r\u0259k, Samosat \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin\u0259 h\u00fccum \u00e7\u0259kirl\u0259r. Lakin t\u00fcrkl\u0259r xristian birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 a\u011f\u0131r z\u0259rb\u0259l\u0259r endirdil\u0259r v\u0259 onlar\u0131n r\u0259hb\u0259rl\u0259ri qraf Bolduin il\u0259 Konstantin min\u0259 yax\u0131n itki ver\u0259r\u0259k, geri \u00e7\u0259kilm\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259cbur oldular.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fl\u0259rd\u0259 a\u011f\u0131r itki ver\u0259n erm\u0259nil\u0259r bunun heyfini Edessa h\u00f6kmdar\u0131 Torosdan \u00e7\u0131xmaq \u00fc\u00e7n ona qar\u015f\u0131 sui-q\u0259sd plan\u0131 haz\u0131rlayaraq bu i\u015f\u0259 qraf Balduini d\u0259 c\u0259lb etdil\u0259r. Onlar \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259 \u00fcsyan qald\u0131raraq, b\u00f6y\u00fck \u00e7axna\u015fma yarad\u0131rlar. \u015e\u0259h\u0259rin h\u00f6kmdar\u0131 Torosa ail\u0259si il\u0259 birg\u0259 getm\u0259y\u0259 s\u00f6z verils\u0259 d\u0259, o, q\u0259z\u0259bli k\u00fctl\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n amans\u0131zl\u0131qla q\u0259tl\u0259 yetirilir. Erm\u0259nil\u0259rin x\u0259yan\u0259ti say\u0259sind\u0259 Edessa Yax\u0131n \u015e\u0259rqd\u0259 s\u0259lib\u00e7il\u0259r\u0259 tabe edil\u0259n ilk \u015f\u0259h\u0259r olur. Erm\u0259ni knyaz\u0131 Qavriil is\u0259 s\u0259lib\u00e7il\u0259r v\u0259 s\u0259lcuqlar ars\u0131nda iki\u00fczl\u00fcl\u00fck g\u00f6st\u0259rdiyi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fl\u0259rin birind\u0259 t\u00fcrkl\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u0259r\u0259k, itl\u0259r\u0259 at\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u0259bii ki, Yax\u0131n \u015e\u0259rqi m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlardan t\u0259mizl\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan s\u0259lib\u00e7il\u0259r yerli xristianlar\u0131n k\u00f6m\u0259yind\u0259n istifad\u0259 edirdil\u0259r v\u0259 erm\u0259nil\u0259r bu i\u015fd\u0259 x\u00fcsusi f\u0259all\u0131q g\u00f6st\u0259rirdi. M\u00fcs\u0259lmanlara v\u0259 t\u00fcrkl\u0259r\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 vuru\u015fan s\u0259lib\u00e7il\u0259r\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259k etmi\u015f erm\u0259nil\u0259r\u0259 sonrak\u0131 y\u00fczillikl\u0259rd\u0259 Yax\u0131n \u015e\u0259rqd\u0259 x\u00fcsusi imtiyazlar\u0131n verilm\u0259sinin n\u0259tic\u0259sidir ki, bu g\u00fcn h\u0259min b\u00f6lg\u0259 yenid\u0259n m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259l\u0259r i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259 alovlanmaqdad\u0131r.\/azvision.az<\/em>\/<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Erm\u0259nil\u0259r d\u00fcnyan\u0131n h\u0259ssas b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n biri olan Orta \u015e\u0259rqd\u0259 daim ya m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259 yaratmaqda, ya da m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259l\u0259rin q\u0131z\u0131\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda katalizator rolunu oynay\u0131blar. Eyni zamanda, batan g\u0259mini ilk<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2661","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tarix"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2661","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2661"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2661\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2663,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2661\/revisions\/2663"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2661"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2661"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2661"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}