{"id":26812,"date":"2021-01-17T08:05:41","date_gmt":"2021-01-17T04:05:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=26812"},"modified":"2021-01-17T21:42:10","modified_gmt":"2021-01-17T17:42:10","slug":"babil-qull%c9%99si-dill%c9%99rin-hamisinin-koku-eynidir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=26812","title":{"rendered":"BAB\u0130L Q\u00dcLL\u018fS\u0130: D\u0130LL\u018fR\u0130N HAMISININ K\u00d6K\u00dc EYN\u0130D\u0130R"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

I YAZI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2020-ci ilin statistikas\u0131na \u0259sas\u0259n, d\u00fcnyada 7174 dil m\u00f6vcuddur. Yer k\u00fcr\u0259si \u0259halisinin 80 %-i \u00fcnsiyy\u0259t vasit\u0259si kimi c\u0259mi 80 dild\u0259n, 0,2 %-i is\u0259 3.500 dild\u0259n istifad\u0259 edir. Dill\u0259r m\u00fcxt\u0259lif dil ail\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 birl\u0259\u015fir. Hind\u2013Avropa dill\u0259rind\u0259 2,5 milyard, \u00c7in\u2013Tibet dill\u0259rind\u0259 1,2 milyard, Ural\u2013Altay dill\u0259rind\u0259 is\u0259 t\u0259xmin\u0259n 500\u2013600 milyon insan dan\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dini t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcrl\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, q\u0259dim d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259 yaln\u0131z bir dil olmu\u015f, lakin zaman v\u0259 m\u0259kan amill\u0259rinin t\u0259siri alt\u0131nda ayr\u0131-ayr\u0131 dill\u0259r yaranm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. \u201cQurani-K\u0259rim\u201din \u201cHucurat\u201d (\u201cOtaqlar\u201d) sur\u0259sinin 13-c\u00fc ay\u0259sind\u0259 deyilir: \u201cEy insanlar! Biz sizi bir ki\u015fi v\u0259 bir qad\u0131ndan yaratdiq. Sonra bir-birinizi tan\u0131yas\u0131n\u0131z dey\u0259, sizi xalqlara v\u0259 q\u0259bil\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 ay\u0131rd\u0131q. Allah yan\u0131nda \u0259n h\u00f6rm\u0259tli olan\u0131n\u0131z Allahdan \u0259n cox qorxan\u0131n\u0131zd\u0131r. H\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259n, Allah bil\u0259ndir, x\u0259b\u0259rdard\u0131r\u201d.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cT\u00f6vrat\u201d\u0131n \u201cYarad\u0131l\u0131\u015f kitab\u0131\u201dn\u0131n 11-ci f\u0259sli: \u201cNuh tufan\u0131ndan sonra b\u00fct\u00fcn b\u0259\u015f\u0259riyy\u0259t eyni dild\u0259 dan\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. Bir m\u00fcdd\u0259t bel\u0259 davam etdi. Sonra insanlar \u015f\u0259rqd\u0259n \u015einar (Mesopotamiya) torpaqlar\u0131na g\u0259ldil\u0259r. Onlar t\u0259k\u0259bb\u00fcr\u0259 qap\u0131laraq q\u0259rara ald\u0131lar ki, Babil adl\u0131 n\u0259h\u0259ng bir \u015f\u0259h\u0259r, h\u0259m\u00e7inin g\u00f6yl\u0259r\u0259d\u0259k ucalan bir q\u00fcll\u0259 (Babil q\u00fcll\u0259si) in\u015fa etsinl\u0259r. Lakin Tanr\u0131n\u0131n irad\u0259si il\u0259 f\u0259rqli dill\u0259rd\u0259 dan\u0131\u015fma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Bir-birl\u0259rini anlamayan adamlar q\u00fcll\u0259nin in\u015fas\u0131n\u0131 dayand\u0131rma\u011fa m\u0259cbur oldular v\u0259 yer \u00fcz\u00fcn\u0259 s\u0259p\u0259l\u0259ndil\u0259r\u201d<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u201cT\u00f6vrat\u201d\u0131n \u201cBabil q\u00fcll\u0259si\u201d hekay\u0259si Nuh tufan\u0131ndan sonra f\u0259rqli dill\u0259rin yaranmas\u0131n\u0131 bel\u0259 izah edir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u0259\u015fhur linqvistl\u0259rd\u0259n H. Pederson (Danimarka), A.R. Bomhard (AB\u015e), B.M. \u0130lli\u00e7-Svit\u0131\u00e7 (SSR\u0130), A.P. Dolqopolski (\u0130srail), B.A. D\u0131bo (Rusiya), S.A. Starostin (Rusiya) hesab edirl\u0259r ki, Ural (fin, eston, macar, mordvin, udmurt v\u0259 s.), Altay (t\u00fcrk, monqol, mancur, Koreya v\u0259 yapon) v\u0259 hind-Avropa (hind, \u0130ran, german, kelt, slavyan v\u0259 s.) dill\u0259rinin k\u00f6k\u00fc eynidir. S.A. Starostinin hesablamalar\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259, bu dill\u0259r bir-birl\u0259rind\u0259n t\u0259xmin\u0259n 12.000 il \u0259vv\u0259l ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015flar. Ehtimala \u0259sas\u0259n, s\u00f6z\u00fcged\u0259n dill\u0259rin \u00fcmumi \u0259cdad\u0131 aqql\u00fctinativ qurulu\u015fa malik olmu\u015fdur. Qeyd etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, bug\u00fcn Az\u0259rbaycan dilinin d\u0259 daxil oldu\u011fu Altay, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 Ural dill\u0259ri aqql\u00fctinativ, hind-Avropa dill\u0259ri is\u0259 flektiv tiplidir. Flektiv dill\u0259rd\u0259n f\u0259rqli olaraq, aqql\u00fctinativ dill\u0259rd\u0259 \u015f\u0259kil\u00e7i k\u00f6k s\u00f6z\u00fcn formas\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015fdir\u0259 bilmir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Linqvistl\u0259r bu q\u0259dim dili \u015f\u0259rti olaraq \u201cnostratik dil\u201d adland\u0131r\u0131rlar. B.M. \u0130lli\u00e7-Sviti\u00e7 \u201cnostratik dil\u201d\u0259 aid etdiyi s\u00f6zl\u0259rd\u0259n istifad\u0259 etm\u0259kl\u0259 d\u00f6rd misral\u0131q \u015feir d\u0259 yazm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u0325elH\u00e4 wet\u0325ei \u0295aK\u0325un k\u00e4hla<\/p>\n\n\n\n

k\u0325a\u03bbai palh\u028c-k\u0325\u028c na wet\u00e4<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015ba da \u0294a-k\u0325\u028c \u0294eja \u0294\u00e4l\u00e4<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ja-k\u0325o pele t\u0325uba wete<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dil \u2013 zaman axar\u0131ndan ke\u00e7id yeridir,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u018fcdadlar\u0131n d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u0259 apar\u0131r bizi,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Amma o k\u0259s ki, qorxur d\u0259rin sulardan<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ora gedib \u00e7\u0131xa bilm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259kdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bel\u0259likl\u0259, \u201cBabil q\u00fcll\u0259si\u201d (dill\u0259rin ham\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6k\u00fc eynidir) adl\u0131 yeni rubrikam\u0131z\u0131 oxucuya t\u0259qdim edirik.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Birinci yaz\u0131m\u0131z \u201ccanavar\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn etimologiyas\u0131 bar\u0259d\u0259dir. Bu s\u00f6z \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 \u0259cdadlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n m\u0259qamlarda ke\u00e7irdikl\u0259ri h\u0259y\u0259can, qorxu, d\u0259h\u015f\u0259t hissl\u0259rini \u0259ks etdirir. Amma canavar (qurd) h\u0259m d\u0259 c\u0259sar\u0259t v\u0259 qorxmazl\u0131q r\u0259mzidir. Bu m\u0259nada o t\u00fcrkdilli v\u0259 b\u0259zi dig\u0259r xalqlar\u0131n m\u0259\u015fhur totemi kimi tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u0131\u015f v\u0259 gil\u0259k dill\u0259rind\u0259 canavara «v\u0259rg», isve\u00e7 dilind\u0259 «varg» deyilir. Bu s\u00f6zl\u0259r rus dilind\u0259ki \u00ab\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043a\u00bb, ingilis v\u0259 alman dill\u0259rind\u0259ki «wolf», q\u0259dim t\u00fcrk dilind\u0259ki «b\u00f6rik», m\u00fcasir t\u00fcrk dill\u0259rind\u0259ki «bure», «bori», «b\u00f6r\u00f6», uqor (Ural) dill\u0259rind\u0259ki «vrqaz», «farkas», «vergiz», osetin dilind\u0259ki «bir\u0259g», zaza (k\u00fcrd dilinin dialekti) dilind\u0259ki «verg» s\u00f6zl\u0259ri il\u0259 eyni m\u0259n\u015f\u0259lidir.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fars dilind\u0259ki «canavar» v\u0259 lat\u0131n dilind\u0259ki «carnivore» s\u00f6zl\u0259rinin «var» v\u0259 «vare» hiss\u0259l\u0259ri d\u0259 h\u0259min s\u00f6zl\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259lidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yeri g\u0259lmi\u015fk\u0259n, monqol dilind\u0259 canavara «\u015fono» v\u0259 ya «\u00e7ono» deyilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bel\u0259likl\u0259, ayd\u0131n olur ki, hind\u2013Avropa v\u0259 t\u00fcrk dill\u0259rin\u0259 «canavar» («carnivore») s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn ikinci \u2013 «var» hiss\u0259si, monqol v\u0259 ola bilsin ki, b\u0259zi dig\u0259r dill\u0259r\u0259 is\u0259 birinci \u2013 «cana» hiss\u0259si ke\u00e7mi\u015fdir.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ehtimal edirik ki, q\u0259dim t\u00fcrk dill\u0259rind\u0259ki «b\u00f6rk» (papaq), Avropa dill\u0259rind\u0259ki «parik» v\u0259 rus dilind\u0259ki \u00ab\u0432\u043e\u0440\u00bb (\u201co\u011fru\u201d) s\u00f6zl\u0259ri d\u0259 «b\u00f6rik» v\u0259 «varq» s\u00f6zl\u0259rind\u0259n t\u00f6r\u0259mi\u015fdir. Maraql\u0131d\u0131r ki, o\u011fruya fin v\u0259 eston dill\u0259rind\u0259 \u201cvaras\u201d, \u00e7uva\u015f dilind\u0259 \u201cv\u0259r\u0259\u201d, qazax dilind\u0259 is\u0259 \u201c\u00fcr\u0131\u201d deyilir. G\u0259lin \u00e7uva\u015f v\u0259 qazax dill\u0259rind\u0259ki \u201cv\u0259r\u0259\u201d v\u0259 \u201c\u00fcr\u0131\u201d (\u201co\u011fru\u201d) s\u00f6zl\u0259rini dig\u0259r dill\u0259rd\u0259ki \u201cb\u00fcre\u201d, \u201cb\u00f6rik\u201d, \u201cv\u0259rg\u201d, \u201cverg\u201d (\u201ccanavar\u201d) s\u00f6zl\u0259ri il\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259 ed\u0259k! M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n: lat\u0131n dilind\u0259 o\u011fruya \u201cfur\u201d deyilir, island dilind\u0259 o\u011fru \u201cbjofur\u201d, canavar is\u0259 \u201culfur\u201d adlan\u0131r. Dig\u0259r misal: fin v\u0259 eston dill\u0259rind\u0259 o\u011fru \u201cvaras\u201d, macar dilind\u0259 is\u0259 canavar \u201cfarkas\u201dd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qeyd olunanlar\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alaraq, g\u00fcman ed\u0259 bil\u0259rik ki, Az\u0259rbaycan dilind\u0259ki \u201co\u011fru\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc d\u0259 m\u0259hz ilkin \u201ccanavar\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn ikinci \u2013 \u201cvar\u201d hiss\u0259sind\u0259n t\u00f6r\u0259mi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Lakin \u201ccanavar\u201d\u0131n s\u0259yah\u0259ti bunlarla bitmir. Q\u0259dim kelt mifologiyas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sas personajlar\u0131ndan biri \u201cogre\u201d adl\u0131 n\u0259h\u0259ng b\u0259dheyb\u0259t m\u0259xluqdur. \u201cOgre\u201d adamyey\u0259ndir, \u0259sas\u0259n u\u015faqlar\u0131 o\u011furlay\u0131r, \u00e7ox g\u00fccl\u00fc v\u0259 y\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. G\u00fcman ki, \u201cogre\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc Avropaya hans\u0131sa t\u00fcrk dili vasit\u0259si il\u0259 gedib \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Amma bu \u00e7ox q\u0259dim zamanlarda ba\u015f vermi\u015fdir. El\u0259 bir d\u00f6vrd\u0259 ki, o vaxt canavar\u0131 v\u0259 o\u011frunu ifad\u0259 ed\u0259n s\u00f6zl\u0259r m\u0259na bax\u0131m\u0131ndan h\u0259l\u0259 bir-birl\u0259rin\u0259 \u00e7ox yax\u0131n idil\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cCarnivore\u201d (\u201cy\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131\u201d) \u2013 \u201ccanavar\u201d (\u201cy\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131\u201d) \u2013 \u201cvarg\u201d (isve\u00e7: \u201cqurd\u201d) \u2013 \u201cverg\u201d (zaza: \u201cqurd\u201d) \u2013 \u201cvergiz\u201d (erzyan: \u201cqurd\u201d) \u2013 \u201cv\u0259rg\u201d (tal\u0131\u015f v\u0259 gil\u0259k: \u201cqurd\u201d) \u2013 \u201cv\u0259r\u0259\u201d (\u00e7uva\u015f: \u201co\u011fru\u201d) \u2013 \u201cvaras\u201d (fin v\u0259 eston: \u201co\u011fru\u201d) \u2013 \u201cfarkas\u201d (macar: \u201cqurd\u201d) \u2013 \u201cvor\u201d (rus: \u201co\u011fru\u201d) \u2013 \u201cbori\u201d (\u00f6zb\u0259k: \u201cqurd\u201d) \u2013 \u201cborz\u201d (\u00e7e\u00e7en: \u201cqurd\u201d) \u2013 \u201cbordz\u201d (inqu\u015f: \u201cqurd\u201d) \u2013 \u201cbats\u201d (avar: \u201cqurd\u201d) \u2013 \u201cbarts\u201d (lak: \u201cqurd\u201d) \u2013 \u201cb\u00f6r\u00f6\u201d (saxa: \u201cqurd\u201d) \u2013 \u201cb\u00f6r\u00fc\u201d (tuva: \u201cqurd\u201d) \u2013 \u201cb\u00f6ri\u201d (qazax: \u201cqurd\u201d) \u2013 \u201cb\u00fcre\u201d (ba\u015fq\u0131rd: \u201cqurd\u201d) \u2013 \u201cbjofur\u201d (island: \u201co\u011fru\u201d) \u2013 \u201culfur\u201d (island: \u201cqurd\u201d) \u2013 \u201cfur\u201d (lat\u0131n: \u201co\u011fru\u201d) \u2013 \u201c\u00fcr\u0131\u201d (qazax: \u201co\u011fru\u201d) \u2013 \u201cogri\u201d (\u00f6zb\u0259k: \u201co\u011fru\u201d) \u2013 \u201cogre\u201d (kelt: \u201cadamyey\u0259n\u201d, \u201cu\u015faq o\u011frusu\u201d) \u2013 \u201co\u011fru\u201d (Az\u0259rbaycan: \u201co\u011fru\u201d) \u2013 \u201cb\u00f6rik\u201d (q\u0259dim t\u00fcrk: \u201cqurd\u201d) \u2013 \u201cb\u00f6rk\u201d (t\u00fcrk: \u201cba\u015f geyimi\u201d) \u2013 \u201cperuqque\u201d (frans\u0131z: \u201cparik\u201d) \u2013 \u201cpire\u201d, \u201cpir\u0131\u201d (mari: \u201cqurd\u201d) \u2013 \u201cbir\u0259g\u201d (osetin: \u201cqurd\u201d).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qeyd:<\/strong> Yuxar\u0131dak\u0131 siyah\u0131 s\u00f6zl\u0259rin bir-birind\u0259n t\u00f6r\u0259m\u0259sinin ehtimal edil\u0259n ard\u0131c\u0131ll\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczr\u0259 deyil, zahiri b\u0259nz\u0259rlik \u0259sas\u0131nda t\u0259rtib edilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ard\u0131 var\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Araz \u015e\u018fHR\u0130L\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

I YAZI 2020-ci ilin statistikas\u0131na \u0259sas\u0259n, d\u00fcnyada 7174 dil m\u00f6vcuddur. Yer k\u00fcr\u0259si \u0259halisinin 80 %-i \u00fcnsiyy\u0259t vasit\u0259si kimi c\u0259mi 80 dild\u0259n, 0,2 %-i is\u0259<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":26815,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26812","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kos"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26812","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=26812"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26812\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26816,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26812\/revisions\/26816"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/26815"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=26812"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=26812"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=26812"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}