{"id":27641,"date":"2021-01-25T02:45:07","date_gmt":"2021-01-24T22:45:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=27641"},"modified":"2021-01-25T02:46:50","modified_gmt":"2021-01-24T22:46:50","slug":"kurtler-hint-cingene-gocmenleri-soyundandir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=27641","title":{"rendered":"K\u00fcrtler Hint \u00c7ingene G\u00f6\u00e7menleri soyundand\u0131r"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u00c7EV\u0130RMEN\u0130N DE\u011eERLEND\u0130RMES\u0130:\u00ad \u00ad<\/span>\u201c\u00adK\u00fcrt s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn bir etnik k\u00f6kene hitap olma\u00admas\u0131 hem Arap kaynaklar\u0131ndan hem de eski\u00ad T\u00fcrk yaz\u0131tlar\u0131ndan bellidir. Ancak K\u00fcrt\u00ad s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n etnik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 bir Hint Aryay\u00adi etnik yap\u0131s\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcnde ve konu\u015fula\u00adn dillerini Hint Aryayi dil grubuna de\u011fi\u00ad\u015fiminde \u0130ran \u00fczerinden Hindistan\u2019dan g\u00f6\u00e7\u00adebe \u00e7ingenelerin gelerek bu hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k \u00adile u\u011fra\u015fan ve g\u00f6\u00e7en s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n i\u00e7ine yo\u011fun\u00ad bi\u00e7imde yerle\u015fmesinin ve kayna\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00adb\u00fcy\u00fck rol\u00fc vard\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde K\u00fcrtler art\u00ad\u0131k dil ve etnik \u00f6zellikler olarak bir s\u0131\u00adn\u0131f de\u011fil, daha \u00e7ok Hint Aryayi gruba ai\u00adt \u00f6zellikleri ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. K\u00fcrtlerin bu\u00adg\u00fcnk\u00fc co\u011frafyaya yerle\u015fmelerinde etkin o\u00adlan yazar\u0131n anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 unsurlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda\u00ad ba\u015fka \u00f6nemli unsurlar daha vard\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u00ad\u011fin, \u0130slam sonras\u0131 mezhep \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 so\u00adnucu, \u00f6zellikle iki T\u00fcrk devleti olan \u0130r\u00adan Safevi devleti ve Osmanl\u0131 devletinin \u00adaras\u0131nda ya\u015fanan k\u00f6r dinci-mezhep\u00e7i kavg\u00adalar\u0131 ile Osmanl\u0131 devleti taraf\u0131ndan soy\u00adk\u0131r\u0131ma u\u011frat\u0131lan Alevi-Bekta\u015fi T\u00fcrkmenle\u00adrin yerine, b\u00f6lgeye a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak S\u00fcn\u00adni K\u00fcrt a\u015firetlerinin yerle\u015ftirilmesi b\u00f6\u00adlgenin K\u00fcrtle\u015fmesine neden oldu\u011fu ger\u00e7e\u011f\u00adini g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etmemek gerekir. \u0130kide bir \u00adMezopotamya uygarl\u0131k sahipli\u011fi iddias\u0131nd\u00ada bulunan K\u00fcrt \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 hareketlerinin pala\u00advralar\u0131 da\u011fdan gelip ba\u011fdakini kovma dey\u00adiminin en somut \u00f6rne\u011fidir. Ancak, altta \u00adki yaz\u0131y\u0131 her ne derece ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve bel\u00adge sunma a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan daha az bulsam da, k\u0131\u00adssadan hisse anlat\u0131m a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan; tarafs\u0131z\u00ad ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn sosyo-politik ortam\u0131n olu\u015f\u00adturdu\u011fu duygulardan ar\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bilimsel ara\u00ad\u015ft\u0131rmalar i\u00e7in bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7t\u0131r.\u201d<\/strong>
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K\u00dcRTLER H\u0130NT \u00c7\u0130NGENE G\u00d6\u00c7MENLER\u0130N SOYUNDA\u00adNDIR<\/strong>
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\u00d6ns\u00f6z: Bu yaz\u0131 \u00f6zellikle \u0130ran’daki T\u00fcrkl\u00ader i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Makaleyi dikkatle\u00ad okuyun ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131za okumalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u00adneriniz.
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K\u00fcrt ya da K\u00fcrt milleti s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn gizemi b\u00ad\u00f6lgenin siyasi ve jeopolitik konumundan \u00addolay\u0131 her zaman gizli kalm\u0131\u015f ya da siya\u00adsi satran\u00e7 oyununda kimi Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkeleri\u00adnin i\u015fine yarad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in kas\u0131tl\u0131 olarak g\u00adizli tutulmu\u015ftur.
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Do\u011fu ve Bat\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 bilim adamlar\u0131n\u00ad\u0131n tamam\u0131 «K\u00fcrt» s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn; milliyet ya da\u00ad dil ile hi\u00e7bir ilgisi olmaks\u0131z\u0131n g\u00f6\u00e7ebe\u00ad \u00e7obanlar ya da hayvan s\u00fcr\u00fclerini gezdir\u00aden \u00e7obanlar anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hemfikirl\u00ader: ‘G\u00f6\u00e7ebe \u00e7obanlara K\u00fcrt denir’<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Rus oryantalist Vladimir Alexeyevich \u0130va\u00adnov\u2019a (1886-1970) g\u00f6re Orta\u00e7a\u011fda, Anadol\u00adu ve Hint yar\u0131madas\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00ad\u0130ran co\u011frafyas\u0131nda; b\u00fct\u00fcn hayvan s\u00fcr\u00fcler\u00adi gezdiren g\u00f6\u00e7ebe \u00e7obanlara ‘K\u00fcrt’ s\u00f6yle\u00adnmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


MacKenzie diyor ki: Arap imparatorlu\u011funu\u00adn geni\u015fleme d\u00f6nemini inceledi\u011fimizde K\u00fcr\u00adt ad\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6\u00e7ebe hayvanc\u0131lar ve g\u00f6\u00e7ebe \u00e7o\u00adbanlar s\u00f6zleriyle ayn\u0131 anlamada oldu\u011funu\u00ad g\u00f6rmekteyiz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Martin van \u00adBruinessen\u00ad \u015f\u00f6yle der: \u0130slamiyet\u2019in 1. y\u00fczy\u0131la ait \u00adkaynaklarda K\u00fcrt s\u00f6z\u00fc bir dil ya da etni\u00adk grubun ad\u0131 de\u011fil, hayvan s\u00fcr\u00fclerini ge\u00adzdiren ve belki de siyasi birimler belir\u00adleyen bir s\u00f6zd\u00fcr. Hatta bu kaynaklarda b\u00adir \u00e7ok kez Ekrad-i Arab (Arap K\u00fcrtleri) \u00ads\u00f6z\u00fc olarak ge\u00e7mektedir.
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\u2013 16.YY’a dek bir \u00e7ok kaynaklarda »Ekra\u00add-i Terakem», »Ekrad-i Arab», »Ekrad\u00ad-i Turkman» ve benzeri s\u00f6zlerin ge\u00e7mesi\u00ad K\u00fcrt s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn \u2018hayvan s\u00fcr\u00fcleri gezdiren \u00adg\u00f6\u00e7ebe \u00e7obanlar\u2019 anlam\u0131na geldi\u011fi iddias\u00ad\u0131n\u0131 onaylar \u015fekildedir. \u2013
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Karname-yi Arde\u015fir Babakan adl\u0131 bitikte \u00adK\u00fcrt s\u00f6z\u00fc \u2018a\u015firet\u2019 anlam\u0131nda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f\u00adt\u0131r. Teberi dilinde K\u00fcrt s\u00f6z\u00fc \u00e7oban anla\u00adm\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n hepsi bir \u00e7ok ki\u015fi ta\u00adraf\u0131ndan biliniyor. Ancak, bunlara ra\u011fme\u00adn \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcze bir soru \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, T\u00ad\u00fcrkiye, \u0130ran, Irak ve Suriye olarak d\u00f6rt\u00ad \u00fclkenin payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir co\u011frafyaya yerle\u00ad\u015fen K\u00fcrt ad\u0131nda bir kavim nereden geldi \u00adve neden onlara da K\u00fcrt ad\u0131 verilmektedi\u00adr? \u015eimdiye kadar, hi\u00e7bir Do\u011fu oryantalis\u00adt ve \u015fark bilimcisi bu soruya ya cevap v\u00adermek istememi\u015f ya da yeterli bir yan\u0131t \u00adbulamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r!<\/p>\n\n\n\n


K\u00fcrt medya organlar\u0131na bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda; kan\u00ad\u0131ts\u0131z kaynaks\u0131z bir s\u00fcr\u00fc uyduruk iddia v\u00ade hik\u00e2yelerle kendilerini bu co\u011frafyan\u0131n\u00ad yerlisi ve ger\u00e7ek sahipleri olduklar\u0131n\u0131\u00ad iddia eder ve di\u011ferlerinin sonradan gel\u00adip onlar\u0131n ana vatan\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fgal edip onlar\u00ada zulmettiklerini s\u00f6ylediklerini g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fc\u00adn\u00fcz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Eski Asurilerin ba\u015fkenti olan Erbil’den \u00adtutun da eski Aramilerin ba\u015fkenti Van’\u0131,\u00ad Medlerin \u00fclkesini (eski Azerbaycan \u00fclke\u00adsini) Elamlar\u0131n \u00fclkesini ve hepsi, K\u00fcrdi\u00adstan K\u00fcrdistan diyenlerin dayan\u0131ks\u0131z idd\u00adialar\u0131 aras\u0131nda. Bu sa\u00e7ma sapan iddialar\u00ad\u0131 yayanlar sanki s\u00f6z konusu bu d\u00f6rt \u00fclke\u00adnin o tarihlerde de ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 \u00fclkeler ol\u00addu\u011funu ve bunlar\u0131n hepsine birden sahip \u00adolman\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmiyorlar! V\u00ade bu iddialar\u0131n\u0131 o tarihlerde, o co\u011frafy\u00adada, K\u00fcrt ad\u0131nda bir kavmin ya da millet\u00adin olmas\u0131n\u0131 ispat edecek tek bir tarihi \u00adbelge ya da kan\u0131t\u0131n olmamas\u0131 halde \u00f6ne s\u00ad\u00fcr\u00fcyorlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Kimi Hristiyan-\u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 Bat\u0131 \u00fclkeleri Ortad\u00ado\u011fu’da kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve istikrars\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00f6\u00adr\u00fckleyip s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek amac\u0131yla bu d\u00f6rt \u00fclke\u00adde K\u00fcrt milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fini destekliyor ve \u00ads\u00f6zde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z K\u00fcrdistan kurmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00ad\u00e7e\u015fitli yollarla te\u015fvik ediyor. B\u00f6lge ha\u00adlklar\u0131 bu konuyu dikkate al\u0131p ger\u00e7ekleri\u00ad bilmezse onar\u0131lmas\u0131 olanaks\u0131z felaketle\u00adr ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Bu makalede g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde K\u00fcrt tan\u0131nan etnik\u00ad gruplar\u0131n ger\u00e7ek K\u00fcrt de\u011fil, Hint k\u00f6ken\u00adli \u00c7ingeneler (bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Pakistan da Hint \u00adco\u011frafyas\u0131na dahildir) olarak \u0130ran yoluy\u00adla Ortado\u011fu, Anadolu ve Avrupa\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7t\u00fck\u00adlerine dair kan\u0131tlar\u0131 sunulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u00ad\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
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1-\u00c7ingeler ya da yeni ad\u0131yla Romanlar Hi\u00adnt ve Pakistan\u2019da \u00e7e\u015fitli gruplar halind\u00ade s\u00fcrekli g\u00f6\u00e7ebe hayat\u0131 ya\u015fayan kalabal\u0131\u00adk bir n\u00fcfusa sahip topluluklard\u0131r.
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2- Hindistan\u2019daki \u00c7ingenelerin giyim ku\u015f\u00adamlar\u0131 K\u00fcrtlerin giyim ku\u015famlar\u0131yla heme\u00adn hemen ayn\u0131d\u0131r. \u015eapkalar, sar\u0131klar ve k\u00adad\u0131nlar\u0131n s\u00fcslemeleri-bezekleri ve tak\u0131l\u00adar\u0131 birbirine \u00e7ok benzemektedir (elbette\u00ad ki kimi \u00c7ingeneler geldikleri \u00fclkenin k\u00ad\u0131yafetlerini de giyerek farkl\u0131 giyim ku\u015f\u00adama b\u00fcr\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015flerdir ancak burada kastedil\u00aden geleneksel k\u0131yafetlerdir).
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3- \u00c7ingenelerin konu\u015ftu\u011fu dil Sanskrit d\u00adil grubuna aittir. \u0130ran \u00fczerinden bat\u0131ya\u00ad g\u00f6\u00e7 s\u0131ras\u0131nda yerli dillerle kar\u0131\u015farak \u00ad\u00e7e\u015fitli leh\u00e7e ve \u015fiveler olu\u015fmu\u015ftur ki K\u00ad\u00fcrt\u00e7e ve fars\u00e7a da Hint\u00e7e koluna ba\u011fl\u0131 b\u00adir leh\u00e7elerdir. \u00c7ingenler Bat\u0131ya do\u011fru g\u00ad\u00f6\u00e7 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Avrupa \u00fclkelerinin dillerin\u00ade de bir \u00e7ok yeni s\u00f6zler katm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r ki\u00ad g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Hint Avrupa dillerindeki ortak \u00ads\u00f6zleri olu\u015fturuyorlar. Sanskrit\u00e7e, Ben\u00adgalca, Pe\u015ftunca, Urduca, Fars\u00e7a ve K\u00fcrt\u00e7\u00adenin olduk\u00e7a benze\u015fmeleri g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edile\u00admez.
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4- Kaydedilmi\u015f \u00c7ingene a\u015firetlerin adlar\u00ad\u0131 K\u00fcrt a\u015firet adlar\u0131yla olduk\u00e7a benze\u015fiy\u00adorlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7ingene a\u015firet adlar\u0131: Klilayi, Goruni, \u00adSoran, Kherat, Sur, Cat, Erdel, Kavli, K\u00adera\u00e7i, Kadriya, Khani, Bukan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00fcrt a\u015firet adlar\u0131: Kliyayi, Gorani, Sor\u00adani, Kherat, Zur, Caf, Erdelan, Kavyani,\u00ad K\u0131rmanci, Kaderi, Khani, Bukan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ran\u2019\u0131n Huzistan b\u00f6lgesinde ya\u015fayan Arap\u00adlar \u00c7ingenelere K\u00fct derler ne ilgin\u00e7tir \u00adki Azerbaycan\u2019da da K\u00fcrtlere \u2018\u2019K\u00fct\u2019\u2019 der\u00adler. Pakistan\u2019\u0131n do\u011fusu ve Hindistan bat\u00ad\u0131s\u0131nda kalan geni\u015f bir b\u00f6lgenin ismi de \u00adK\u00fct\u2019d\u00fcr. Ve bir \u00e7ok k\u00f6y, kasaba ve kent \u00adismi \u2018k\u00fct\u2019 sonekiyle biter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrk\u00e7ede (\u0130ran ve Azerbaycan T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi) \u00c7\u00adingeneye Kara\u00e7i (Qara\u00e7i) denir ki Kera\u00e7i\u00ad s\u00f6z\u00fcnden\u00ad dev\u015firilmi\u015ftir. Horasan\u2019da ise \u00c7ingenel\u00adere K\u0131rman\u00e7i denir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kliyla Hindistan Racistan b\u00f6lgesinde bul\u00adunan bir kenttir. Orda ya\u015fayanlara Kliyl\u00ada-i denir. Iran\u2019da Kliyla-i \u00c7ingenelerin\u00ade Kliya-i K\u00fcrt\u2019\u00fc denir. Ve her iki grup \u00adda Hint-Fars\u00e7a dili konu\u015fuyorlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kherat Hintistan\u2019\u0131n \u2018\u2019Uttar Prade\u015f\u2019\u2019 eya\u00adletinde bir kentin ad\u0131d\u0131r. S\u0131nande\u00e7 ve K\u00adirman\u015fah\u2019ta bulunan Kherat A\u015fireti kendi\u00adlerini \u00c7ingene olarak tan\u0131ml\u0131yorlar. Mer\u00adduh K\u00fcrdistani\u2019nin yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2018Tarih-i Merd\u00aduh\u2019 kitab\u0131nda Kherat a\u015fireti bir K\u00fcrt a\u015f\u00adireti olarak ge\u00e7er. Bu da K\u00fcrtlerin kend\u00adileri i\u00e7in de \u2018K\u00fcrt\u2019 ve \u2018\u00c7ingene\u2019 s\u00f6zlerinin \u00adayn\u0131 anlam ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. As\u00adl\u0131nda \u00c7ingenelerin de g\u00f6\u00e7ebe hayat\u0131 ya\u015fa\u00add\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 kategoride s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u00ad\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Loristan eyaletinde (\u0130ran\u2019da bir eyalet)\u00ad Sur ad\u0131nda bir \u00c7ingene a\u015fireti ya\u015famakt\u00adad\u0131r ve ne ilgin\u00e7tir ki Irak\u2019\u0131n S\u00fcleyman\u00adiye eyaletinde Zur ad\u0131nda bir kasabada Z\u00adur K\u00fcrt a\u015fireti ya\u015famaktad\u0131r ve dil, gey\u00adim ku\u015fam ve genel k\u00fclt\u00fcr olarak hemen he\u00admen Loristan eyaletinde ya\u015fayan Sur \u00c7ing\u00adeneleriyle ayn\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gorun: Hindistan y\u00f6netimindeki Ke\u015fmir ey\u00adaletinde bir kentin ad\u0131d\u0131r Goruni (Gorun\u00adlu) burada ya\u015fayanlara denir. Goruni a\u015fi\u00adretinin bir kolu \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131na yerle\u015f\u00admi\u015f ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde onlara Gorani K\u00fcrtleri \u00addenir. \u0130lgin\u00e7tir Yezd Zerd\u00fc\u015ftileri de ke\u00adndi dillerini \u2018Goruni\u2019 adland\u0131r\u0131yorlar. \u00adHorremabad\u2019daki (\u0130ran\u2019da bir eyalet) bir\u00ad \u00c7ingene toplulu\u011fu da kendi dillerini ha\u00adlen \u2018Goruni\u2019 diye adland\u0131r\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hintistan\u2019\u0131n Mahara\u015ftra eyaletinde Erde \u00adad\u0131nda kentin sakinlerine Erdelani denir\u00ad. Ne tesaduftur ki Erdelani Hint \u00c7ingene\u00adlerinden \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131 ve Irak\u2019\u0131n kuzey\u00adine g\u00f6\u00e7m\u00fc\u015flerdir ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bu b\u00f6lgele\u00adrde ya\u015fayan Erdelani K\u00fcrt a\u015fireti de var\u00ad. Ayr\u0131ca \u00c7ahar-Mahal-e Bahtiyari eyaleti\u00adnde (\u0130ran\u2019da) ad\u0131n\u0131 Hindistan\u2019dan gelen \u00ad\u00c7ingenelerden alm\u0131\u015f Erdel ad\u0131nda bir kas\u00adaba vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khani (Hani): Pakistan\u2019a yak\u0131n Hindistan\u00ad\u2019\u0131n Hima\u00e7alprade\u015f eyaletinde ya\u015fayan kal\u00adabal\u0131k bir a\u015firetin ad\u0131d\u0131r. Hindistan\u2019da\u00ad bu eyalette ya\u015fayanlara resmi olarak Ar\u00adiyayi denir. Ayr\u0131ca, bir az\u0131nl\u0131k toplulu\u00adk olarak da Pakistan\u2019da ya\u015famaktad\u0131rlar.\u00ad Khaniler Irak\u2019\u0131n kuzeyine yerle\u015fip, son\u00adralar\u0131 da T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7m\u00fc\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cat: Hindistan\u2019\u0131n kuzeyine yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kala\u00adbal\u0131k bir a\u015firetin ad\u0131d\u0131r. \u2018Ztd\u2019 (peltek\u00ad z harfi ile okunur) da bu a\u015firete mensu\u00adp bir alt kolun ad\u0131d\u0131r. Cat \u00c7ingeneleri \u00adIrak\u2019\u0131n kuzeyine g\u00f6\u00e7m\u00fc\u015f ve oraya yerle\u015fm\u00adi\u015fler. Muhammed R\u0131za \u015eah d\u00f6neminde kimi \u00adCat \u00c7ingeneleri Irak\u2019tan g\u00f6\u00e7erek \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n\u00ad Kirman\u015fah eyaletine yerle\u015ftiler. \u0130ran\u2019d\u00ada bunlara Caf K\u00fcrtleri de denilmektedir.\u00ad Ztd ad\u0131nda bir a\u015firet de \u0130lam eyaletind\u00ade ya\u015famaktalar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bukan: Hindistan\u2019\u0131n Pencap eyaletinde ya\u00ad\u015fayan kalabal\u0131k bir a\u015firettir. Ayn\u0131 adla\u00ad Afganistan\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde de bir topluluk\u00ad ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. Sanskrit\u00e7ede \u2018Bukan\u2019 s\u00f6z\u00fc\u00ad \u2018toz-duman\u2019 anlam\u0131na gelir. Bu a\u015firete \u00admensup bir \u00e7ok ki\u015fi \u2018bukan-i\u2019 soyad\u0131nda \u00ad\u00f6nek ya da sonek gibi kullan\u0131r. Bukan \u00c7i\u00adngeneleri Bat\u0131 Azerbaycan eyaletinin g\u00fcn\u00adeyinde bulunan kasabaya g\u00f6\u00e7erek Bukan is\u00admini de o kente vermi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00fcrtlerden baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u00c7ingene ge\u00e7mi\u015flerini\u00ad gizleyip kendilerini yerel unsur g\u00f6ster\u00admek i\u00e7in, kurnazl\u0131kla a\u015firet adlar\u0131n\u0131 uy\u00addurarak Hint\u00e7e \u015feklini de\u011fi\u015ftiremeye \u00e7al\u00ad\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar. \u00d6rne\u011fin So\u011fukbulak\u2019a\/Savc\u0131bul\u00adag (R\u0131za \u015fah d\u00f6neminde Mahabad olarak de\u00ad\u011fi\u015fildi) yerle\u015fen \u00c7ingene a\u015firetlerinden\u00ad biri Kadriya a\u015firetidir. Sanskrit\u00e7ede k\u00adoyun anlam\u0131na gelir. Ancak Kadriya kurna\u00adzl\u0131kla Kaderi olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. K\u00adadriya a\u015fireti hala b\u00fcy\u00fck n\u00fcfus olarak H\u00adindistan\u2019\u0131n kuzeyinde ya\u015famaktalar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soran: Hindistan\u2019\u0131n Urisay eyaletinde bi\u00adr kentin ad\u0131d\u0131r. Bu kentlilere Sorani de\u00adnir. G\u00f6\u00e7ebe Sorani \u00c7ingeneleri Irak\u2019\u0131n k\u00aduzeyine yerle\u015fmi\u015f ve sonralar\u0131 da \u0130ran v\u00ade Suriye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7m\u00fc\u015flerdir. Suriye ve Irak\u00ad\u2019ta \u2018Soran\u2019 ad\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan ve Sorani \u00c7ingen\u00adelerin yo\u011fun olarak ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 kasabala\u00adr var.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dikkat ederseniz K\u00fcrt a\u015firet adlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00adamam\u0131 Hint kentlerinin adlar\u0131ndan al\u0131nt\u0131\u00add\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc onlar o b\u00f6lgelerden Ortado\u011fu\u2019\u00adya g\u00f6\u00e7m\u00fc\u015flerdir. Bu bir ya da iki isim o\u00adlsayd\u0131 bunu tesad\u00fcf ya da \u015fans hesap etm\u00adek olurdu. Ancak bu s\u00f6zlerin hepsinin Hi\u00adnt\u00e7e olmas\u0131 ve bunca benzerlik ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 \u00adtesad\u00fcf ya da \u015fans olmaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5- \u00c7ingeneler aras\u0131nda \u015fiddet ve su\u00e7 i\u015fl\u00ademe oran\u0131 y\u00fcksektir. O kadar ki kimi \u00fclk\u00adeler \u00c7ingeneleri uzun y\u0131llar misafir etm\u00adelerine ra\u011fmen onlardan kurtulmak i\u00e7in y\u00adurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131 etmeye bile kalk\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar. Ne ya\u00adz\u0131k ki \u015fiddet ve su\u00e7 i\u015fleme oran\u0131 K\u00fcrtle\u00adrin aras\u0131nda da olduk\u00e7a y\u00fcksektir. \u00d6rne\u011f\u00adin: \u0130ran Adli T\u0131p kurumunun raporuna g\u00f6r\u00ade \u00fc\u00e7y\u00fczbin n\u00fcfusu olan S\u0131nandec kentinde\u00ad kendini yakan ya da intihar eden K\u00fcrt k\u00adad\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 ond\u00f6rt milyonluk Tahran\u2019da i\u00adntihar eden kad\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131ndan daha y\u00fcksek\u00admi\u015f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6- K\u00fcrt sofu ya da dervi\u015flerin yapt\u0131klar\u00ad\u0131 ayinlerde sergiledikleri sahneler Hind\u00adistan\u2019daki Murtazlar\u0131n sergiledikleri sa\u00adhnelere \u00e7ok benziyor. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 ya da \u015fi\u015f gi\u00adbi aletleri v\u00fccudun bir taraf\u0131ndan sokup\u00ad di\u011fer taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131karmak, kafaya \u00e7ivi \u00adya da \u00e7ak\u0131 \u00e7akmak sonra da hi\u00e7 bir \u015fey o\u00adlamamas\u0131 ve benzeri g\u00f6steriler her iki g\u00adrupta da ayn\u0131d\u0131r. Bu \u00e7e\u015fit g\u00f6sterileri K\u00ad\u00fcrtler Hindistan\u2019dan getirmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7ingenelerin \u0130ran\u2019a g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc Sasani \u015fah\u0131 Beh\u00adram-\u0131 Gur zaman\u0131 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve ilk ba\u015ft\u00ada onlar\u0131 daha \u00e7ok \u00e7alg\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k ve dans\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u00adk i\u00e7in getirtmi\u015flerdir. \u00d6nceleri Sasanil\u00aderin ba\u015fkentinin bulundu\u011fu Irak\u2019\u0131n kuzey\u00adine ve oradan da her tarafa yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u00ad\u0131r. Bu g\u00f6\u00e7 Emeviler d\u00f6nemine kadar s\u00fcre \u00adgelir. Ancak Emeviler d\u00f6neminde daha yo\u011f\u00adun bir g\u00f6\u00e7 ya\u015fan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hamdullah Mustufi Tarih-i G\u00fczide kitab\u0131n\u00adda \u015f\u00f6yle der: \u201cBehram zaman\u0131nda \u00e7alg\u0131c\u0131l\u00ad\u0131k i\u015fi iyi gider ve fiyatlar\u0131 y\u00fckselir. \u00ad\u00d6yle ki, bir \u00e7alg\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc y\u00fcz dirheme \u00ad(o g\u00fcn\u00fcn para birimi) \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya raz\u0131 olm\u00aduyormu\u015f. Bunun \u00fczerine Behram Hindistan\u2019\u00addan iki bin ki\u015filik \u00c7ingeneyi \u00e7alg\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k\u00ad i\u00e7in getirtir. \u0130ran\u2019da o toplulu\u011fun soy\u00adundan gelenler halen \u00e7alg\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k yapmakta\u00adlar.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hamza \u0130sfahani de ayn\u0131 hikayeyi kendi ki\u00adtab\u0131nda anlat\u0131rken say\u0131y\u0131 on iki bin ola\u00adrak vermektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Firdevsi \u015eehnamesinde bu olay\u0131 Behram Gu\u00adr zaman\u0131nda Hindistan\u2019dan g\u00f6\u00e7en on iki b\u00adin \u00c7ingene olarak anlat\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130mad Tohidi \u00c7ingenelerin (K\u00fcrtlerin) Ira\u00adk\u2019\u0131n kuzeyine g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcyle ilgili \u015f\u00f6yle yazma\u00adktad\u0131r: \u201c\u00c7ingeneler Emevi halifesi Velid\u00ad ibn-i Abdulmelik zaman\u0131nda Hindistan\u2019da\u00adn \u0130ran ve Beynunnahreyn\u2019e (Mezopotamya\u2019y\u00ada) geldiler. Bu \u00c7ingeneler A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Sint \u0131r\u00adma\u011f\u0131n\u0131n etraf\u0131ndan F\u0131rat ve Dicle etraf\u0131\u00adna geldiler ve yerle\u015fince h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k, e\u015fk\u00adiyal\u0131k ve cinayet i\u015flemeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. B\u00ada\u011fdat ve Basra\u2019ya giden yollar\u0131 kapad\u0131la\u00adr, dolayis\u0131yla g\u0131da fiyatlar\u0131 y\u00fckseldi v\u00ade halk zor durumda kald\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tarihi kaynaklar dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u015fu \u00adsonuca varmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr: Sasaniler d\u00f6nem\u00adinden itibaren ve hatta \u0130slam sonras\u0131 Ir\u00adak\u2019\u0131n kuzeyi, g\u00f6\u00e7ebe \u00c7ingenelerin en \u00f6ne\u00admli hedefi olmu\u015ftur. Behram Gur zaman\u0131nd\u00ada say\u0131lar\u0131 on iki bini buluyormu\u015f ve son\u00adralar\u0131 \u00e7o\u011falm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u0130slam sonras\u0131 Vel\u00adid ibn-i Abdulmelik zaman\u0131nda yine bu a\u015f\u00adiretler b\u00fcy\u00fck gruplar halinde Hindistan\u2019\u00addan Irak\u2019\u0131n kuzeyine yerle\u015fmi\u015f ve kalaba\u00adl\u0131k n\u00fcfus olu\u015fturmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cihango\u015fay-i Naderi kitab\u0131nda; Nadir \u015fah\u00ad Af\u015far\u2019\u0131n Hint k\u00f6kenli \u00c7ingeneleri (K\u00fcrt\u00adleri) m\u00fczisyenlik yaps\u0131nlar diye Horasan\u00ad\u2019a getirtti\u011fi anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Merduh K\u00fcrdistani\u2019nin yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2018Tarih-i M\u00aderduh\u2019 kitab\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle der: \u201cK\u00fcrt han\u0131 S\u00ad\u00fcleymaniye eyaletine yerle\u015fen Caf ve Sel\u00adas a\u015firetlerine (iki K\u00fcrt a\u015fireti, ki so\u00adnralar\u0131 \u0130ran\u2019a g\u00f6\u00e7m\u00fc\u015fler) h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k yapt\u00ad\u0131klar\u0131 ve hayvanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in kulland\u0131klar\u0131 \u00admeralar\u0131n vergisini \u00f6demediklerinden dol\u00aday\u0131 \u00e7ok k\u0131zg\u0131nd\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sanskrit\u00e7ede onurlu, \u015ferif insana \u2018ariya\u00ad\u2019 denir. Farslar ve K\u00fcrtler de kendileri\u00adnin ariya \u0131rk\u0131ndan oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylerler. B\u00adu kendisi bile onlar\u0131n \u0130ran co\u011frafyas\u0131na\u00ad sonradan g\u00f6\u00e7 ettiklerine dair bir kan\u0131t\u00adt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yukar\u0131daki anlat\u0131lan konular \u015fu sonucu k\u00adan\u0131tlamaktad\u0131r; K\u00fcrtler Hindistan\u2019dan g\u00f6\u00ad\u00e7en \u00c7ingenelerle ayn\u0131lar, Sasani zaman\u0131 \u00adve Emevi halifeleri d\u00f6neminde Irak\u2019\u0131n ku\u00adzeyine g\u00f6\u00e7m\u00fc\u015flerdir. Sonralar\u0131 n\u00fcfus \u00e7o\u011f\u00adalmas\u0131 sonucu etrafa yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Nad\u00adir \u015fah Af\u015far zaman\u0131nda da Kera\u00e7i \u00c7ingene\u00adlerinden (K\u0131rman\u00e7i K\u00fcrtleri) kalabal\u0131k b\u00adir n\u00fcfus Horasan\u2019a yerle\u015fmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcm tarih kitaplar\u0131nda \u00e7o\u011fu \u00c7ingene erke\u00adklerinin demircilikle u\u011fra\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yazar \u00adve bu onlar\u0131n tek bildikleri zanaat olar\u00adak anlat\u0131l\u0131r. Sasani \u015fah\u0131na ba\u015f kald\u0131ran\u00ad ve Dref\u015f-i Kaviyani bayra\u011f\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan Dem\u00adirci Kave (Kavl\u0131 demirci) adl\u0131 ki\u015finin d\u00ade Hint k\u00f6kenli bir \u00c7ingene olmas\u0131 \u00e7ok il\u00adgin\u00e7tir!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f6\u00e7ebe \u00c7ingeneler (K\u00fcrtler) Sasaniler ve\u00ad Emeviler d\u00f6nemlerinde \u00e7alg\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k ve dan\u00ads\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k yaps\u0131nlar diye Irak\u2019\u0131n kuzeyine g\u00adetirildikten sonra n\u00fcfuslar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011falmas\u00ad\u0131yla o devletlere kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015fkald\u0131rm\u0131\u015flard\u00ad\u0131r. \u0130ran\u2019a g\u00f6\u00e7en \u00c7ingenelerin g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc \u0130slam\u00ad\u2019dan sonra da devam etmi\u015f ve Nadir \u015fah A\u00adf\u015far d\u00f6neminde \u00e7o\u011falm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hint\u00e7ede \u2018kaka\u2019 \u2018amca\u2019 demektir ve bu s\u00f6\u00adz K\u00fcrt\u00e7ede ayn\u0131 anlamda s\u0131k\u00e7a kullan\u0131lma\u00adktad\u0131r. \u015eiraz b\u00f6lgesindeki \u00c7ingeneler bu\u00ad s\u00f6z\u00fc \u2018kaku\u2019 olarak kullan\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00fcrtlerin Hint k\u00f6kenli \u00c7ingeneler oldukl\u00adar\u0131n\u0131 ispat\u0131yla ilgili o kadar kaynak va\u00adrd\u0131r ki bunu uluslararas\u0131 topluma da kol\u00adayl\u0131kla kan\u0131tlamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr ve K\u00fcrtleri\u00adn T\u00fcrk topraklar\u0131na olan hayali iddialar\u00ad\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmak olduk\u00e7a k\u00adolayd\u0131r. Ancak s\u00fcrekli yan\u0131ts\u0131z kalan bi\u00adr soru var: Hindistan\u2019\u0131n uzun s\u00fcre \u0130ngil\u00adtere\u2019nin s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fc olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen ve \u0130ng\u00adiliz devlet adamlar\u0131 Hint a\u015firetlerinin \u00adtamam\u0131n\u0131 pek iyi bilmelerine ra\u011fmen NEDE\u00adN K\u00dcRTLER\u0130N H\u0130NT K\u00d6KENL\u0130 OLDU\u011eU GER\u00c7E\u011e\u0130N\u00ad\u0130 H\u0130\u00c7 B\u0130R ZAMAN S\u00d6YLEMEZLER?!<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

YAZAR: ERSALAN QA\u015eQAY\u0130\u00ad<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

KAYNAK:\u00ad<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

-\u00ad \u00ad\u0130ran\u2019da \u00c7ingenelerin prosesi \u2013 \u0130mad Tohi\u00addi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-\u00ad \u00adTarihi Teberi \u2013 Muhammed Ceriri Teberi\u00ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-\u00ad \u00ad\u015eehnami Firdevsi \u2013 Firdevsi Tusi\u00ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-\u00ad \u00adLanguage and \u0130dentity \u2013 J. Edward (2009)\u00ad Cambridge University New York<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-\u00ad \u00adLinguistic Antropology \u2013 A. Duranti (200\u00ad4) Cambridge University New York<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-\u00ad \u00adThe Luti, an Outcaste group of \u0130ran \u2013 S.\u00ad Amanolahi, E. Norbeck (1975) Rice Unive\u00adrsity Studies 61 (2): 1-12<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00c7EV\u0130RMEN\u0130N DE\u011eERLEND\u0130RMES\u0130:\u00ad \u00ad\u201c\u00adK\u00fcrt s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn bir etnik k\u00f6kene hitap olma\u00admas\u0131 hem Arap kaynaklar\u0131ndan hem de eski\u00ad T\u00fcrk yaz\u0131tlar\u0131ndan bellidir. Ancak K\u00fcrt\u00ad s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n etnik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 bir<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":27646,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27641","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-turkish"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27641","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=27641"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27641\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":27645,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27641\/revisions\/27645"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/27646"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=27641"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=27641"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=27641"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}