{"id":28773,"date":"2021-02-05T02:59:41","date_gmt":"2021-02-04T22:59:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=28773"},"modified":"2021-02-05T02:59:43","modified_gmt":"2021-02-04T22:59:43","slug":"ilhami-c%c9%99f%c9%99rsoy-etrusk-dili","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=28773","title":{"rendered":"\u0130lhami C\u0259f\u0259rsoy: Etrusk dili"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Etrusk dilin\u0259 v\u0259 yaz\u0131lar\u0131na g\u0259linc\u0259, bu yaz\u0131lar lat\u0131n qrafikas\u0131na uy\u011fun yaz\u0131l\u00add\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif dil ail\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 m\u0259xsus olan bir \u00e7ox dill\u0259rind\u0259, \u0259n \u00e7ox da Hind-Avropa dill\u0259rind\u0259, eyni m\u00fcv\u0259ff\u0259qiyy\u0259tl\u0259 oxunur.<br><br>M\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 bu xalq\u0131n 10 min\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r kitab\u0259si oldu\u011fu, \u0259lifbalar\u0131n\u0131n oxun\u00adma\u00ads\u0131n\u00adda he\u00e7 bir \u00e7\u0259tinliy\u0259 t\u0259sad\u00fcf edilm\u0259diyi v\u0259 bu \u0259lifban\u0131n q\u0259dim yunan yaz\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7ox ox\u015far oldu\u011fu qeyd olunmu\u015fdur.<br><br>Etrusk dilinin hans\u0131 dil ail\u0259sin\u0259 daxil oldu\u011fu haqq\u0131nda da vahid bir fikir yoxdur. Bu probleml\u0259 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00e7oxlu g\u00f6rk\u0259mli aliml\u0259ri m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olmu\u015fdur.<br>Bu dilin q\u0259dim Xett-luviy, b\u0259zil\u0259ri Hind-Avropa dill\u0259rin\u0259 yax\u0131n oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u0259yirl\u0259r. Bir \u00e7oxlar\u0131 is\u0259 etrusk dilinin Hind-Avropa dill\u0259rin\u0259 he\u00e7 bir yax\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u0259sasland\u0131rm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 bu dilin m\u0259lum olan he\u00e7 bir dil\u0259 b\u0259nz\u0259m\u0259diyini qeyd etmi\u015fl\u0259r. \u0130ndiy\u0259 kimi 500-\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r s\u00f6z\u00fcn m\u0259nas\u0131n\u0131 ayd\u0131nla\u015fd\u0131rmaq m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmu\u015fdur.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/fedai.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/4j77k0.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-28776\" width=\"948\" height=\"665\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fedai.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/4j77k0.png 268w, https:\/\/fedai.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/4j77k0-150x105.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 948px) 100vw, 948px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><br>Avropa t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 Toskanadan tap\u0131lan etrusk kitab\u0259l\u0259rinin dilini lat\u0131n dilinin leksikas\u0131 \u0259sas\u0131nda oxuma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131lar. Onlara cavab olaraq F.S\u00f6ss\u00fcr bildirdi ki, etrusklar\u0131n dilinin lat\u0131n dili olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0259min yaz\u0131lardan d\u00f6rdc\u0259 s\u0259tir oxumaq laz\u0131md\u0131r. (\u0421\u043e\u0441\u0441\u044e\u0440 \u2013 1977, 260).<br><br>Semitoloqlar etrusk kitab\u0259l\u0259rini sami dill\u0259rinin k\u00f6m\u0259yi il\u0259 oxuma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flar. Bu proses h\u0259m XIX, h\u0259m d\u0259 XX \u0259srl\u0259r boyu davam etmi\u015fdir. N\u0259tic\u0259 olaraq, G.L.Alont etrusk m\u0259tnl\u0259rind\u0259 20-30 sami m\u0259n\u015f\u0259li s\u00f6z tapm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r (Alont 2003, 18-49). Ancaq elm al\u0259mind\u0259 etrusklar\u0131n v\u0259 samil\u0259rin dilinin qohum olmas\u0131 haqq\u0131nda r\u0259y yaranmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Etrusklar\u0131n \u0259cdadlar\u0131 Ki\u00e7ik Asiyada ya\u015fayark\u0259n semitl\u0259rl\u0259 t\u0259masda olmu\u015f, onlar\u0131n dill\u0259rind\u0259n m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n s\u00f6zl\u0259r alm\u0131\u015flar.<br><br>Macar aliml\u0259rinin fikrinc\u0259, tipoloji bax\u0131mdan etrusklar\u0131n dili qat\u0131\u015f\u0131q bir dil olmu\u015fdur. Etrusk kitab\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 h\u0259m t\u00fcrk, h\u0259m d\u0259 sami v\u0259 ari m\u0259n\u015f\u0259li s\u00f6zl\u0259r vard\u0131r (Alineyi 2003. 14-62).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>N.Y.Marr yaz\u0131r: Yaf\u0259s dill\u0259rinin \u00e7oxunda v\u0259 t\u00fcrk dill\u0259rinin ham\u0131s\u0131nda yer\u0259 yir, g\u00f6y\u0259 g\u00f6k, suya su, d\u0259mir\u0259 tebir deyilirdi. Akademik Marr t\u00fcrk dill\u0259rin\u0259 d\u0259rind\u0259n b\u0259l\u0259d olsa da, iddia edir ki, h\u0259min s\u00f6zl\u0259r Yaf\u0259s dill\u0259rin\u0259 nam\u0259lum 3-c\u00fc bir dil qrupundan ke\u00e7mi\u015fdir (Mapp 1920. 32-46).<br><br>\u018fsl\u0259n karaim t\u00fcrkl\u0259rind\u0259n olan R.\u0130. \u015eor 1931-ci ild\u0259 SSR\u0130 Elml\u0259r Aka\u00adde\u00admi\u00adya\u00ads\u0131n\u0131n \u201cM\u0259ruz\u0259l\u0259r\u201dind\u0259 \u00e7ap etdirdiyi \u201cYaf\u0259s-t\u00fcrk dil qar\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 haqq\u0131nda\u201d \u0259s\u0259\u00adrind\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015fdir ki, semitoloqlar\u0131n \u00d6n Asiyan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fc dill\u0259rind\u0259 3-c\u00fc etnolinqvistik fak\u00adtor adland\u0131rd\u0131qlar\u0131 nam\u0259lum faktor t\u00fcrk faktorudur (\u0428\u043e\u0440 1920. \u0441. 223-244).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><br>Macar\u0131stan, T\u00fcrkiy\u0259, Tatar\u0131stan v\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan dil\u00e7il\u0259ri (M. Alineyi, A. Ayda, P. Kaya, M. Z\u0259kiyev, F. Lat\u0131pov, \u00c7. Qara\u015farl\u0131, F. C\u0259lilov) etrusk kitab\u0259l\u0259rinin t\u00fcrk leksikas\u0131n\u0131 kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r \u00f6yr\u0259nmi\u015f, ancaq \u00d6n Asiyada v\u0259 Misird\u0259 ba\u015f ver\u0259n etnoloji prosesl\u0259r\u0259, t\u00fcrk etnoslar\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259min prosesl\u0259rd\u0259 i\u015ftirak\u0131na laz\u0131m\u0131nca diqq\u0259t yetirm\u0259mi\u015fl\u0259r. Mir Z\u0259kiyev Etrusk federasiyas\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif dilli xalqlar\u0131n &#8212; romanlar\u0131n, keltl\u0259rin, yunanlar\u0131n, slavyanlar\u0131n, germanlar\u0131n, baltlar\u0131n, uqro-finl\u0259rin v\u0259 t\u00fcrkl\u0259rin federasiyas\u0131 hesab edir. Onun fikrinc\u0259, etrusk m\u0259tnl\u0259rinin oxunu\u015fu zaman\u0131 yaranan \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259r d\u0259 bununla ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnki m\u0259tnl\u0259r m\u00fcxt\u0259lif dill\u0259rd\u0259 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. \u0130ll\u0259r uzunu m\u00fcxt\u0259lif aliml\u0259r bu m\u0259tnl\u0259ri de\u015fifr\u0259 ed\u0259rk\u0259n, onlar\u0131 ayr\u0131-ayr\u0131 dill\u0259rd\u0259 oxumu\u015flar. Etrusklar\u0131n mifologiyas\u0131na v\u0259 dinin\u0259 eyniadl\u0131 \u0259s\u0259r h\u0259sr etmi\u015f rus t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 A.E.Naqovitsin d\u0259 etrusklar\u0131 sirli xalq adland\u0131r\u0131r, \u201cOnlar\u0131n dili m\u0259lum deyil, yaz\u0131lar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r\u201d. Ona g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259, etrusklar\u0131n dili v\u0259 etnogenezi bel\u0259 dar yox, geni\u015f aspektd\u0259 \u00f6yr\u0259nilm\u0259lidir. Bunun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn, ilk n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259, Urartu mixiyaz\u0131l\u0131 abid\u0259l\u0259ri yenid\u0259n t\u0259dqiq olunmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnki etrusklar Urartu d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin da\u011f\u0131l\u00adma\u00ads\u0131n\u00addan sonra bir toplum olaraq meydana \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015flar (\u041c\u0430\u0440\u0440 \u041d.\u042f. \u0418\u0437 \u041f\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0413\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0438. \u0422\u0438\u0444\u043b\u0438\u0441. 1927, 3-62). Troya m\u00fcharib\u0259sind\u0259n sonra \u2013 eradan \u00f6nc\u0259 XII-XI \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 \u0130taliyaya k\u00f6\u00e7\u0259nl\u0259r is\u0259 etrusklar\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fc deyil, \u0259cdadlar\u0131 olmu\u015fdur.<br><br>Bel\u0259 hesab edir\u0259m ki, yax\u0131n 5-6 ild\u0259 diqq\u0259ti son 200 ild\u0259 \u0259ld\u0259 olunan nailiyy\u0259tl\u0259rin \u00f6yr\u0259nilm\u0259sin\u0259 y\u00f6n\u0259ltm\u0259k daha m\u0259qs\u0259d\u0259uy\u011fun olard\u0131. Bizim universitetl\u0259rin yeti\u015fdirdiyi magistrl\u0259rl\u0259 bel\u0259 m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b probleml\u0259r\u0259 giri\u015fm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyil.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/fedai.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/jg002G.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-28775\" width=\"1041\" height=\"780\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fedai.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/jg002G.png 259w, https:\/\/fedai.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/jg002G-150x112.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1041px) 100vw, 1041px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Peterburq v\u0259 Kiyevin dil\u00e7il\u0259ri il\u0259 q\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259r b\u0259rpa olunmal\u0131, \u00d6n Asiyan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fc dill\u0259rin\u0259 aid son t\u0259dqiqat \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri Bak\u0131ya g\u0259tirilm\u0259lidir. \u00c7\u00fcnki son 20 ild\u0259 AMEA M\u0259rk\u0259zi Elmi Kitabxanas\u0131na xarici \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n jurnallar dem\u0259k olar ki, daxil olmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<br><br>\u0130lk n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259 Peterburqda akademik B.B.Piotrovskinin v\u0259 \u0130.M.Diyakonovun fondunun sur\u0259tini \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r. H\u0259min fondlarda Rusiya v\u0259 Avropa aliml\u0259rinin qiym\u0259tli \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri toplanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Onlar\u0131n elektron variantlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259ld\u0259 edilm\u0259si i\u015fimiz\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259k ed\u0259rdi.<br><br>\u0130.M.Diyakonovun fondunda Elam, \u015eumer, Likiya, Urartu, Palay v\u0259 s. \u00f6l\u00fc dill\u0259r\u0259 aid alman, italyan, frans\u0131z aliml\u0259rinin qiym\u0259tli t\u0259dqiqat \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri vard\u0131r. \u201cElm Fondu\u201dnun maliyy\u0259 d\u0259st\u0259yi il\u0259 onlar\u0131 t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 etm\u0259k, geni\u015f kommentariya il\u0259 n\u0259\u015fr etdirm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r.<br><br>Son 20 ild\u0259 Ukrayna EA \u018flyazmalar\u0131 \u0130nstitutunun \u0259m\u0259kda\u015flar\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fc dill\u0259rin \u00f6yr\u0259nilm\u0259sind\u0259 xeyli ir\u0259lil\u0259yi\u015f\u0259 nail olmu\u015flar. Onlar\u0131 \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259k. \u00ab\u0421\u0445\u0438\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u00bb, \u00ab\u042f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0410\u0437\u0438\u0438\u00bb, \u00ab\u0414\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0438 \u0410\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0438\u00bb v\u0259 ba\u015fqa jurnallara abun\u0259 yaz\u0131lmaq i\u015fimizd\u0259 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f yaradard\u0131.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Avropa t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n oxuma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u00add\u0131q\u00adlar\u0131 etrusk yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259n\u015f\u0259yi zaman\u0259miz\u0259d\u0259k qaranl\u0131q olaraq qalm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bunun s\u0259b\u0259bi etrusk m\u0259tnl\u0259rinin dilin\u0259 a\u00e7ar ola bil\u0259c\u0259k qohum t\u00fcrk dill\u0259rinin sis\u00adtemli \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259y\u0259 c\u0259lb edilm\u0259m\u0259si idi. Q\u0259rb dil\u00e7il\u0259ri yaln\u0131z bu dilin leksikas\u0131nda v\u0259 morfologiyas\u0131nda c\u00fczi yer tutan Qafqaz dill\u0259rin\u0259 v\u0259 Ki\u00e7ik Asiyan\u0131n hat, hurri v\u0259 dig\u0259r dill\u0259rin\u0259 xas olan elementl\u0259r\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n ayd\u0131nl\u0131q g\u0259tir\u0259 bilmi\u015fl\u0259r. M\u00fcasir d\u00f6vrd\u0259 etrusk dilinin t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri d\u0259 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f alim V.V.\u0130va\u00adnov olmu\u015fdur. Onun \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259 etrusk dili il\u0259 q\u0259dim \u015f\u0259rq dill\u0259rind\u0259, q\u0259dim Qaf\u00adqaz dil\u00adl\u0259\u00adrind\u0259 olan qrammatik ox\u015farl\u0131qlar ara\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"736\" height=\"557\" src=\"https:\/\/fedai.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/0RvvLD.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-28774\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fedai.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/0RvvLD.png 736w, https:\/\/fedai.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/0RvvLD-300x227.png 300w, https:\/\/fedai.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/0RvvLD-150x114.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 736px) 100vw, 736px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><br>Etrusklar\u0131n dili haqq\u0131nda \u0259n yax\u015f\u0131 t\u0259dqiqat \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rini T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 alimi Adil\u0259 Ayda yazm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. O \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn 50 ilini bu i\u015f\u0259 s\u0259rf etmi\u015f v\u0259 bel\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259y\u0259 g\u0259lmi\u015fdir ki, etrusklar\u0131n dili t\u00fcrk dilidir. Ancaq sonradan lat\u0131n dilinin g\u00fccl\u00fc asmilyasiyas\u0131na m\u0259ruz qalm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<br><br>Fikrimizc\u0259, etrusklar\u0131n dili haqq\u0131nda t\u00fcrk, macar v\u0259 tatar aliml\u0259rinin fikirl\u0259ri daha ger\u00e7\u0259kliy\u0259 uy\u011fundur. Ancaq \u0130taliyada yurd salm\u0131\u015f b\u00fct\u00fcn t\u00fcrk etnoslar\u0131n\u0131 etrusk hesab etm\u0259k do\u011fru deyil. Etrusklardan ba\u015fqa Siciliya v\u0259 Apenin yarmadalar\u0131nda Egey, Er, \u0130mir, Durna, Diri, Alban, Donay v\u0259 b.onlarla t\u00fcrk etnos\u00adlar\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f sonradan hind-ari m\u0259n\u015f\u0259li xalqlar aras\u0131nda assimilyasiya olunmu\u015flar.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Etrusk dilin\u0259 v\u0259 yaz\u0131lar\u0131na g\u0259linc\u0259, bu yaz\u0131lar lat\u0131n qrafikas\u0131na uy\u011fun yaz\u0131l\u00add\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif dil ail\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 m\u0259xsus olan bir \u00e7ox dill\u0259rind\u0259, \u0259n \u00e7ox da Hind-Avropa<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":28778,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28773","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tarix"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28773","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=28773"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28773\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":28779,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28773\/revisions\/28779"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/28778"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=28773"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=28773"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=28773"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}