{"id":31239,"date":"2021-03-05T03:01:21","date_gmt":"2021-03-04T23:01:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=31239"},"modified":"2021-03-05T03:01:49","modified_gmt":"2021-03-04T23:01:49","slug":"fahis%c9%99lik-ilah%c9%99sinin-erm%c9%99ni-goz%c9%99lc%c9%99l%c9%99ri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=31239","title":{"rendered":"Fahi\u015f\u0259lik ilah\u0259sinin erm\u0259ni «g\u00f6z\u0259l\u00e7\u0259l\u0259ri\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Erm\u0259nil\u0259r h\u0259r zaman uydurduqlar\u0131 \u0259sass\u0131z tarixl\u0259rind\u0259n b\u0259hs ed\u0259rl\u0259r, el\u0259 m\u0259n d\u0259 o s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n onlar\u0131n ger\u00e7\u0259k tarixini ara\u015fd\u0131rd\u0131m, m\u00f6vzuya uy\u011fun olaraq. N\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r haylar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn he\u00e7 d\u0259 \u00fcr\u0259ka\u00e7an deyil. Amma a\u011flamay\u0131n ay erm\u0259nil\u0259r, sizin analar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n ger\u00e7\u0259k \u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc ara\u015fd\u0131ranlara bir g\u00fcn t\u0259\u015f\u0259kk\u00fcr ed\u0259rsiniz b\u0259lk\u0259 d\u0259, \u00e7\u00fcnki bu kimi vacib tarixi bilgiy\u0259 sahib olma imkan\u0131n\u0131 siz\u0259 h\u0259diyy\u0259 edirik.

\u201cErm\u0259ni analar\u0131\u201dn\u0131n tarixi m\u0259n\u015f\u0259yi

Ara\u015fd\u0131rman\u0131n n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 ayd\u0131n oldu ki, erm\u0259ni qad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259n\u015f\u0259yi erm\u0259ni mifologiyas\u0131nda Anahit v\u0259 ya Anais\u2014 (erm: \u0531\u0576\u0561\u0570\u056b\u057f) adland\u0131r\u0131lan fahi\u015f\u0259lik ilah\u0259sin\u0259 s\u00f6yk\u0259nirmi\u015f. E.\u0259. III \u0259srd\u0259n ba\u015flayaraq b.e. I \u0259srin\u0259, y\u0259ni xristianl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131na q\u0259d\u0259r bu ilah\u0259 haylar\u0131n \u0259sas tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 olub. H\u0259tta bir \u00e7ox m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259r bu m\u00fcdd\u0259ti fahi\u015f\u0259liyin geni\u015f yay\u0131lmas\u0131 d\u00f6vr\u00fc kimi xarakteriz\u0259 edirl\u0259r. Strabondan ba\u015flayaraq antik tarix\u00e7il\u0259rin \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti \u00f6z \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259 Anahitin fahi\u015f\u0259lik ilah\u0259si olmas\u0131 v\u0259 onun \u015f\u0259r\u0259fin\u0259 in\u015fa edilmi\u015f m\u0259b\u0259dl\u0259r haqq\u0131nda maraql\u0131 m\u0259lumatlar verirl\u0259r.
Strabon qeyd edirdi ki, \u201cAnahit\u0259 ibad\u0259t ed\u0259nl\u0259r fahi\u015f\u0259liy\u0259 qur\u015fanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131lar. H\u0259min vaxt B\u00f6y\u00fck erm\u0259ni h\u00f6kmdar\u0131 Trdat Anahit\u0259 n\u0259cib qad\u0131n, erm\u0259ni xalq\u0131n\u0131n ism\u0259ti, \u015f\u00f6hr\u0259ti v\u0259 canland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131s\u0131, b\u00f6y\u00fck Aramazd\u0131n q\u0131z\u0131 v\u0259 arvad\u0131 kimi h\u0259md edirdi\u201c.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Fahi\u015f\u0259lik ilah\u0259sinin m\u0259b\u0259dl\u0259rind\u0259 ya\u015fayan hay g\u0259ncl\u0259ri \u00f6z valideynl\u0259ri t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n buraya g\u00f6nd\u0259rilir, tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ail\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n se\u00e7il\u0259n kahinl\u0259r is\u0259 onlar\u0131n \u201cmamaroza\u201dl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 edirdi. Buraya yaln\u0131z \u0259cn\u0259bil\u0259r burax\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. \u0130lah\u0259y\u0259 xidm\u0259t m\u00fcdd\u0259tini bitir\u0259n qad\u0131nlar m\u0259b\u0259di t\u0259rk ed\u0259rk\u0259n b\u00fct\u00fcn qazand\u0131qlar\u0131 pulu m\u0259b\u0259dd\u0259 qoyur v\u0259 \u0259r\u0259 gedirdil\u0259r. Vaxta\u015f\u0131r\u0131 buradak\u0131 \u0259r\u0259 ged\u0259c\u0259k qad\u0131nlar\u0131n adaxl\u0131s\u0131 m\u0259b\u0259din kahinl\u0259rind\u0259n onun ni\u015fanl\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n oz\u00fcn\u00fc nec\u0259 aparmas\u0131 bar\u0259d\u0259 m\u0259lumat al\u0131rd\u0131. \u018fn \u00e7ox \u0259cn\u0259binin ziyar\u0259t etdiyi qad\u0131n erm\u0259nil\u0259rd\u0259 \u0259n \u00e7ox arzu olunan g\u0259lin hesab olunurdu. Bu haqda Strabon yaz\u0131r: «Bu \u00f6lk\u0259nin qanunlar\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 adl\u0131-sanl\u0131 ail\u0259l\u0259rin q\u0131zlar\u0131 yaln\u0131z ilah\u0259nin m\u0259b\u0259dind\u0259 uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259t \u0259rzind\u0259 fahi\u015f\u0259likl\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olduqdan sonra \u0259r\u0259 ged\u0259 bil\u0259rdil\u0259r. Bundan sonra onlar\u0131n \u0259r\u0259 getm\u0259sind\u0259 he\u00e7 bir problem olmurdu».<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n


Erm\u0259nil\u0259rin fahi\u015f\u0259lik ilah\u0259si bar\u0259d\u0259 frans\u0131z tarix\u00e7isi Pyer D\u00fcfur XIX \u0259srin ortalar\u0131nda d\u0259rc olunan \u00abFahi\u015f\u0259liyin tarixi\u00bb kitab\u0131nda yaz\u0131r: \u00abOnun (ilah\u0259nin) \u015f\u0259r\u0259fin\u0259 \u0259traf\u0131nda sevgi ayinl\u0259rinin icra olundu\u011fu b\u00f6y\u00fck m\u0259b\u0259d tikilmi\u015fdi. Erm\u0259ni q\u0131zlar\u0131 bu m\u0259b\u0259dd\u0259 yaln\u0131z xaricil\u0259rl\u0259 cinsi \u0259laq\u0259d\u0259 olma\u011fa raz\u0131l\u0131q verirdi. Qazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f pullar\u0131 qad\u0131nlar s\u0259cd\u0259gahda ilah\u0259y\u0259 n\u0259zir qoyurdular\u00bb.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cErm\u0259ni ki\u015fisi\u201d h\u0259m d\u0259 \u201cehtirasl\u0131 g\u00f6z\u0259l\u00e7\u0259\u201ddir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n


Erm\u0259ni tarix\u00e7i Georq Qoyan \u00abErm\u0259ni teatr\u0131n\u0131n 2000 ya\u015f\u0131\u00bb adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda qeyd edir ki, fahi\u015f\u0259lik pe\u015f\u0259si erm\u0259nil\u0259rin tarixi il\u0259 s\u0131x ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Ar\u015fakuni s\u00fclal\u0259sinin tarixin\u0259 dair ara\u015fd\u0131rmalar ed\u0259n erm\u0259ni tarix\u00e7i Favstos Buzand \u00f6z \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 erm\u0259ni katalikosu \u0130usikin (340-345 ill\u0259r) o\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131n vardzaklar, bozlar (fahi\u015f\u0259l\u0259r), qusanlar (aktyorlar v\u0259 komediantlar) il\u0259 ey\u015f-i\u015fr\u0259t ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 qeyd edir. Bununla pe\u015f\u0259kar erm\u0259ni fahi\u015f\u0259l\u0259rinin m\u0259b\u0259dl\u0259rl\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, antik teatrlar\u0131 da h\u0259d\u0259f se\u00e7dikl\u0259ri ayd\u0131n olur.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n


B\u0259s vardzak n\u0259 dem\u0259kdir? Q\u0259dim erm\u0259ni dilind\u0259n g\u0259l\u0259n bu s\u00f6z\u00fcn birinci m\u0259nas\u0131 ey\u015f-i\u015fr\u0259t m\u0259clisl\u0259rind\u0259 v\u0259 ictimai yerl\u0259rd\u0259 oxuyan v\u0259 r\u0259qs ed\u0259n aktrisalar, ikinci y\u00fcng\u00fcl \u0259xlaql\u0131 qad\u0131nlar, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc m\u0259nas\u0131 fahi\u015f\u0259l\u0259r, d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc m\u0259nas\u0131 is\u0259 mimosdur.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n


Favstos Buzand \u201cvardzak\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn m\u0259nas\u0131n\u0131 \u201cham\u0131ya a\u00e7\u0131q olan qad\u0131n\u201d olaraq qeyd edir. Sonradan erm\u0259nil\u0259r aras\u0131nda \u00abvardzak\u00bb, \u00abqusan\u00bb, \u00abboz\u00bb kimi terminl\u0259r \u00abmimos\u00bb s\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 birl\u0259\u015fib. Bu ifad\u0259 is\u0259 h\u0259m erm\u0259ni qad\u0131nlara, h\u0259m d\u0259 ki\u015fil\u0259r\u0259 aid imi\u015f. Dem\u0259k ki, ar\u015fakunil\u0259rd\u0259n bu t\u0259r\u0259f\u0259 h\u00f6kmdar saray\u0131nda erm\u0259ni q\u0131zlarla b\u0259rab\u0259r erm\u0259ni o\u011flanlar\u0131 da \u00f6z \u201c\u015f\u00fcca\u0259t\u201dl\u0259rini g\u00f6st\u0259rirl\u0259rmi\u015f. Buradan da ayd\u0131n olur ki, bu pe\u015f\u0259 h\u0259m\u00e7inin hay ki\u015fil\u0259rinin \u201c\u00e7\u00f6r\u0259k pulu\u201dsu imi\u015f.


Haylar\u0131n ba\u015f k\u0259sib qan t\u00f6k\u0259n milli q\u0259hr\u0259manlar\u0131 h\u0259m d\u0259 ehtirasl\u0131 g\u00f6z\u0259l\u00e7\u0259 olaraq \u201ctarix\u201d yarad\u0131blar. Bunu oxudu\u011fum bir ara\u015fd\u0131rmada bir daha anlad\u0131m v\u0259 kimliyi bizl\u0259r\u0259 d\u0259 b\u0259lli olan m\u0259\u015fhur \u201chay q\u0259hr\u0259manlar\u0131\u201dn\u0131n ger\u00e7\u0259k \u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc siz oxucularla da payla\u015fmaq q\u0259rar\u0131na g\u0259ldim.
Qaregin Njde erm\u0259nil\u0259rin \u201cS\u00fcnik xilaskar\u0131\u201d adland\u0131rd\u0131qlar\u0131 milli q\u0259hr\u0259manlar\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrk ulusuna a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 nifr\u0259ti il\u0259 se\u00e7il\u0259n bu \u201ctarixi \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259t\u201d \u0259slind\u0259 on minl\u0259rl\u0259 Osmanl\u0131 v\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan t\u00fcrk\u00fcn\u00fcn q\u0259tl\u0259 yetirilm\u0259sind\u0259 birba\u015fa g\u00fcnahkar say\u0131lan, Z\u0259ng\u0259zur v\u0259 Yelizavetpol (G\u0259nc\u0259) q\u0259zalar\u0131nda g\u00fcnahs\u0131z insanlar\u0131 q\u0259tl\u0259 yetir\u0259n Andranik Ozanyan\u0131n komandiri olmu\u015fdu. Haylar\u0131n bildiyi, lakin etiraf etm\u0259diyi bir ger\u00e7\u0259k daha var, bel\u0259 ki, bu «xalq q\u0259hr\u0259man\u0131» Qaregin h\u0259m d\u0259 b\u0259dii \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 des\u0259k,\u201dgec\u0259 \u0259zablar\u0131\u201dn\u0131 sev\u0259n \u201cehtirasl\u0131 g\u00f6z\u0259l\u00e7\u0259\u201d imi\u015f. Onun kimliyi haqq\u0131nda ilk d\u0259f\u0259 rus bol\u015fevik ordusunun qurucusu Lev (Leyba) Davidovi\u00e7 Bron\u015fteyn yaz\u0131b.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

  • \"\"<\/figure><\/li>
  • \"\"<\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n


    Bel\u0259 ki, Lev Davidovi\u00e7 1913-c\u00fc ilin noyabr\u0131n 15-d\u0259 Njdenin komandiri oldu\u011fu d\u0259st\u0259 il\u0259 Bolqar\u0131standa M\u0259hr\u0259mli adl\u0131 t\u00fcrk k\u0259ndin\u0259 h\u00fccum ed\u0259r\u0259k y\u00fczl\u0259rl\u0259 g\u00fcnahs\u0131z insan\u0131 v\u0259h\u015filikl\u0259 q\u0259tl\u0259 yetirir. \u201c\u015e\u00fcca\u0259tin\u201d\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 ordenl\u0259rl\u0259 m\u00fckafatland\u0131r\u0131lan Lev Trotski bolqar sosial-demokratlar\u0131na \u00fcnvanlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u0259ktubunda yaz\u0131rd\u0131: «Yolda\u015f Njdenin \u0259m\u0259ll\u0259rini duydum v\u0259 onunla b\u0259lk\u0259 d\u0259 f\u0259xr etm\u0259k olard\u0131. H\u0259r halda o, imperialistl\u0259r\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 pis vuru\u015fmur. Lakin yolda\u015flar bildirirl\u0259r ki, d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fd\u0259n sonra yolda\u015f Njde iki t\u00fcrk g\u0259ncini \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u0259m\u0259yi \u0259mr edib, onlar\u0131 m\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti q\u0259rargah etdiyi k\u0259ndli daxmas\u0131na apar\u0131b. M\u0259n\u0259 \u00e7atan m\u0259lumatlara g\u00f6r\u0259, yolda\u015f Njde h\u0259min ax\u015fam o t\u00fcrk g\u0259ncl\u0259rd\u0259n onu «sevm\u0259l\u0259rini» t\u0259l\u0259b edib, \u00f6z\u00fc qad\u0131n paltar\u0131 geyib v\u0259 s\u0259h\u0259r\u0259d\u0259k «t\u0259cav\u00fcz\u0259» m\u0259ruz qal\u0131b. S\u0259h\u0259r a\u00e7\u0131landa is\u0259 h\u0259min t\u00fcrkl\u0259ri g\u00fcll\u0259l\u0259yib. Bu hadis\u0259 biab\u0131r\u00e7\u0131l\u0131qd\u0131r v\u0259 \u00fcmid edir\u0259m ki, g\u0259r\u0259kli n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lacaq».<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n


    1919-1920-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan k\u0259ndl\u0259rin\u0259 divan tutan Poqos Ter-Davityan\u0131n 1921-ci ild\u0259 Smon Vrasyana \u00fcnvanlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u0259ktubunda yaz\u0131rd\u0131: «… Njdenin murdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kim bilmir ki?! Tatev kils\u0259sind\u0259 otura bil\u0259rsiniz, Gorusda 32 tatar k\u0259ndini yand\u0131r\u0131b k\u00fcl etm\u0259yinizl\u0259 q\u00fcrr\u0259l\u0259n\u0259 bil\u0259rsiniz. Amma m\u0259n bilir\u0259m Njdenin kim oldu\u011funu. O, m\u0259n yav\u0259ri olanda d\u0259f\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 «g\u0259l, bu gec\u0259 s\u0259nin g\u00f6z\u0259l\u00e7\u0259n olaca\u011fam, m\u0259n\u0259 \u0259zab ver, incit m\u0259ni, sev m\u0259ni» dey\u0259rdi. Yaz\u0131qlar olsun siz\u0259 ki, ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131zda zahiri ki\u015fi, i\u00e7i is\u0259 k\u00fc\u00e7\u0259 fahi\u015f\u0259si olan adam durur».<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Xaqani \u018fd\u0259bo\u011flu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Foto: Martiros Saryan\u0259n \u00e7\u0259kdiyi ilkin Erm\u0259nistan bayra\u011f\u0131 -1918-ci il<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"\"<\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Erm\u0259nil\u0259r h\u0259r zaman uydurduqlar\u0131 \u0259sass\u0131z tarixl\u0259rind\u0259n b\u0259hs ed\u0259rl\u0259r, el\u0259 m\u0259n d\u0259 o s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n onlar\u0131n ger\u00e7\u0259k tarixini ara\u015fd\u0131rd\u0131m, m\u00f6vzuya uy\u011fun olaraq. N\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r haylar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn he\u00e7<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":31245,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31239","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-atmaca"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31239","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=31239"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31239\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":31244,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31239\/revisions\/31244"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/31245"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=31239"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=31239"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=31239"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}