{"id":3260,"date":"2020-03-29T09:09:36","date_gmt":"2020-03-29T05:09:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=3260"},"modified":"2020-03-29T09:10:52","modified_gmt":"2020-03-29T05:10:52","slug":"kanuninin-yahudi-bankeri-yetenekli-dona-gracianin-gizemli-hikayesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=3260","title":{"rendered":"Kanuni\u2019nin Yahudi bankeri, yetenekli Dona Gracia\u2019n\u0131n gizemli hik\u00e2yesi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Diplomasi ve i\u015f d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f isimlerinden, m\u00fchendis Aaron Nommaz, Osmanl\u0131\u2019yla yak\u0131n ili\u015fkiler kurmu\u015f, Yahudiler i\u00e7in kahraman mertebesinde bir tarihi fig\u00fcr olan Dona Gracia\u2019n\u0131n ilgin\u00e7 ya\u015fam\u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc kaleme ald\u0131. Nommaz: \u201cPortekiz Kral\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kankas\u0131, Maximillian\u2019\u0131n \u00e7ok yak\u0131n\u0131, Papa\u2019ya r\u00fc\u015fvet verip belge alm\u0131\u015f bir kad\u0131n. Kanuni\u2019yle konu\u015fmamas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn m\u00fc?\u201d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/haberleri\/aaron-nommaz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Aaron Nommaz<\/a>&nbsp;bir tarih\u00e7i de\u011fil, bir yazar hi\u00e7 de\u011fil. Daha \u00f6nce hi\u00e7bir yazma giri\u015fiminde bulunmam\u0131\u015f bir m\u00fchendis. Portekiz k\u00f6kenli, Osmanl\u0131 Musevisi bir aileden geliyor. T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in \u2018anavatan\u0131m\u2019, Portekiz i\u00e7in \u2018dede \u00fclkem\u2019 diyor. 1996\u2019dan bu yana Portekiz\u2019in \u0130stanbul Fahri Konsolosu. 20 y\u0131ld\u0131r anavatan\u0131yla dede \u00fclkesi aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkilerin her boyutuna, noktas\u0131na virg\u00fcl\u00fcne kadar h\u00e2kim. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019yle m\u00fczakereleri resmen ba\u015flatmak i\u00e7in \u00e7abalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 2000\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle Portekiz\u2019deki, genel olarak da t\u00fcm Avrupa\u2019daki ili\u015fkilerini bu amaca vakfetmi\u015f. Y\u0131llarca DE\u0130K (D\u0131\u015f Ekonomik \u0130li\u015fkiler Kurulu) \u015femsiyesi alt\u0131ndaki Portekiz \u0130\u015f Konseyi\u2019nin ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015f. Diplomasi ve sermaye \u00e7evrelerinde tan\u0131nan biri olsa da bug\u00fcne kadar kamuoyunun ismini dahi duymad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Aaron Nommaz, birdenbire kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u2018<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/haberleri\/dona-gracia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Dona Gracia<\/a>\u2019 isimli son derece iddial\u0131 bir tarihi roman\u0131n yazar\u0131 olarak \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>HIR\u0130ST\u0130YAN TAKL\u0130D\u0130 YAPARAK SERVET SAH\u0130B\u0130 OLDU<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nommaz roman\u0131 Yahudiler i\u00e7in kahraman mertebesinde bir tarihi fig\u00fcr olan Dona Gracia\u2019n\u0131n ilgin\u00e7 ya\u015fam\u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc \u00fczerine kurgulam\u0131\u015f. Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun v\u00e2risi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yle Portekiz aras\u0131ndaki m\u00fc\u015fterek tarihin en \u00f6nemli sembol\u00fc olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Dona Gracia\u2019n\u0131n hik\u00e2yesinin pe\u015fine d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f. Nommaz, 1510\u2019da Portekiz\u2019de do\u011fan Dona Gracia\u2019n\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 noktalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131ndaki rol\u00fcn\u00fc kitab\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u2018Kanuni\u2019nin Yahudi Bankeri\u2019 olarak \u00f6zetlemi\u015f. Bu elbette T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki okuru kalbinden vurmak i\u00e7in itinayla se\u00e7ilmi\u015f bir s\u0131fat. Oysa d\u00fcnya Yahudi cemaati i\u00e7in, Dona Gracia, b\u00fct\u00fcn ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 kendi \u0131rk\u0131n\u0131 Avrupa\u2019daki engizisyon belas\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131p kurtarmaya adayan bir azize. Y\u0131llarca Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fclkelerinde H\u0131ristiyan taklidi yaparak saraylarla yak\u0131n temas i\u00e7inde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir servet sahibi olan Dona Gracia, 1552\u2019de geldi\u011fi Osmanl\u0131\u2019da bu ili\u015fkileri sayesinde b\u00fcy\u00fck n\u00fcfuz elde ediyor. Hik\u00e2yenin erkek ba\u015frol oyuncusu Dona Gracia\u2019n\u0131n hem ye\u011feni hem de damad\u0131 olan Jozef Nasi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i4.hurimg.com\/i\/hurriyet\/75\/770x0\/57d3d5ff18c77322dc090191\" alt=\"Kanuni\u2019nin Yahudi bankeri, yetenekli Dona Gracia\u2019n\u0131n gizemli hik\u00e2yesi\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>HAL\u0130L \u0130NALCIK VE \u0130LBER ORTAYLI\u2019YA DA DANI\u015eTI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nommaz yola bir tarih kitab\u0131 yazmak i\u00e7in \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ancak hem Osmanl\u0131ca ve \u0130branice bilmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in hem de ar\u015fiv taramalar\u0131nda Dona Gracia\u2019n\u0131n izine pek rastlanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in t\u00f6kezlemi\u015f. Yine de y\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f, paraya da k\u0131ym\u0131\u015f, bir \u0130ngiliz ressama d\u00f6neme dair ill\u00fcstrasyonlar yapt\u0131r\u0131p zenginle\u015ftirdi\u011fi tarih kitab\u0131n\u0131 kendince yazm\u0131\u015f. \u015eu anda elinde tek kopyas\u0131 olan o kitab\u0131, aralar\u0131nda Halil \u0130nalc\u0131k, \u0130lber Ortayl\u0131 gibi isimlerin de bulundu\u011fu e\u015fine dostuna fikir i\u00e7in g\u00f6ndermi\u015f. Yak\u0131n zamanda rahmetli olan \u0130nalc\u0131k kendisini \u00e7ok cesaretlendirmekle kalmam\u0131\u015f, tarih kitab\u0131 i\u00e7in d\u00f6rt sayfal\u0131k bir de \u00f6ns\u00f6z g\u00f6ndermi\u015f. \u0130lber Hoca ise \u201cGayet iyi olmu\u015f ama roman olmu\u015f\u201d demi\u015f. Nommaz kap\u0131 kap\u0131 kitabevlerini de dola\u015fm\u0131\u015f. Bir yay\u0131nevi y\u00f6netmeni \u201cYahudilere k\u00fcfredersen satars\u0131n\u201d demi\u015f. Akademisyen bir arkada\u015f\u0131ysa \u201cKapa\u011fa pis Yahudi\u201d koy, i\u00e7erde yine bunlar yazs\u0131n, satars\u0131n\u2019 diye ak\u0131l vermi\u015f. Toplumsal nefret uyar\u0131lar\u0131na hi\u00e7 tak\u0131lmadan kitab\u0131 romana \u00e7evirmeye karar vermi\u015f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bug\u00fcn raflarda yerini bulan \u2018Dona Gracia\u2019, Nommaz\u2019\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131ndaki bo\u015fluklar\u0131n aras\u0131n\u0131 sezgileri ve hayal g\u00fcc\u00fcyle doldurdu\u011fu bir kitap. \u00dczerinde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z topraklar\u0131n ba\u011fr\u0131nda saklad\u0131\u011f\u0131 heyecan verici say\u0131s\u0131z hik\u00e2yeden biri. Neresinden bakarsan\u0131z bak\u0131n heyecan verici; ister Osmanl\u0131 zaviyesinden, ister Avrupa\u2019dan, ister salt Yahudi tarihinden&#8230;&nbsp;<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Kitab\u0131 yazarken T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki saray ar\u015fivlerine girebildiniz mi?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8212; Topkap\u0131 Saray Ar\u015fivleri\u2019ne de girdim, Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k Ar\u015fivi\u2019ne de girdim. Osmanl\u0131 ar\u015fivlerine ula\u015fmak me\u011fer ne kadar da zormu\u015f. 16\u2019nc\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n en \u00f6nemli Osmanl\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer alan ve Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k Ar\u015fivleri\u2019nde muhafaza edilen m\u00fchimme defterlerini okuyabilecek, daha da \u00f6nemlisi bu defterlerdeki kay\u0131tlardan anlaml\u0131 bilgiler \u00e7\u0131karabilecek ne kadar az insan varm\u0131\u015f. Onlara ula\u015fmak da ayr\u0131 zor. \u0130lk problem \u015fu oluyor; 16\u2019nc\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131l Osmanl\u0131cas\u0131 bilen birini buldum. \u201cBu i\u015f sayfa sayfa okumadan olmaz, o y\u00fczen ben 60 bin dolar isterim\u201d dedi. Adam Osmanl\u0131\u2019da eski m\u00fclk\u00fc olan ve tapular\u0131n\u0131 bulmak isteyen Suriyelilerle falan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f daha \u00e7ok. O vesileyle \u00e7ok ar\u015fiv taramas\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ama Dona Gracia\u2019yla ilgili hi\u00e7bir \u015fey g\u00f6rmedi\u011fini anlatt\u0131. \u201cBana bu paray\u0131 verseniz bile bir \u015fey \u00e7\u0131kma \u015fans\u0131 \u00e7ok az\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Osmanl\u0131\u2019da kay\u0131t tutma gelene\u011fi g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcd\u00fcr ger\u00e7i.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8212; Kay\u0131t tutma gelene\u011fi devlette var, serserilerde yok. Dona Gracia serseri, \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Asl\u0131nda kitab\u0131n\u0131za g\u00f6re de zaten&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/haberleri\/kanuni-sultan-suleyman\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Kanuni Sultan S\u00fcleyman<\/a>\u2019la bizzat temas\u0131 sadece iki defa&#8230;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8212; Kanuni\u2019yle konu\u015fmas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir yerde bir kay\u0131t ya da belge yok. Ama biraz de\u015ferseniz \u015funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyorsunuz; bu kad\u0131n t\u00fcm saraylara girmi\u015f, \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f. Portekiz Kral\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kankas\u0131, Maximillian\u2019\u0131n \u00e7ok yak\u0131n\u0131, Papa\u2019ya r\u00fc\u015fvet verip belge alm\u0131\u015f bir kad\u0131n. B\u00f6yle bir kad\u0131n Osmanl\u0131\u2019ya gelecek de Kanuni onunla konu\u015fmayacak, m\u00fcmk\u00fcn m\u00fc? Ama hi\u00e7bir yerde bir belge yok. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla benim kitapta yer alan, olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcksek bir kurgu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>O D\u00d6NEM D\u00dcNYANIN EN ZENG\u0130N KADINI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i4.hurimg.com\/i\/hurriyet\/75\/770x0\/57d3d61518c77322dc090196\" alt=\"Kanuni\u2019nin Yahudi bankeri, yetenekli Dona Gracia\u2019n\u0131n gizemli hik\u00e2yesi\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Dona Gracia\u2019n\u0131n Yahudi kimli\u011fi \u0130stanbul\u2019da ne zaman de\u015fifre oluyor?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8212; Kanuni\u2019nin doktorlar\u0131 biliyorsunuz hep Yahudi. Mo\u015fem Hamon tabii ki biliyor Dona Gracia\u2019y\u0131, insanlar\u0131 ate\u015ften kurtar\u0131p Osmanl\u0131\u2019ya ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131. Kanuni\u2019nin durumu bilmemesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. Osmanl\u0131 Venedik\u2019e bir \u00e7avu\u015f g\u00f6nderip Papa\u2019n\u0131n elinden kurtar\u0131yor Dona Gracia\u2019y\u0131. Ama durumu enteresan. Osmanl\u0131\u2019yla ba\u011f\u0131 birebir kurulsa, Dona Gracia, Avrupa\u2019da vatan haini ilan edilir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc b\u00fct\u00fcn istihbarat\u0131 buraya ta\u015f\u0131yor. Casusluk yap\u0131yor yani.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Casusluk meselesi, hik\u00e2yenin Osmanl\u0131 aya\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kalbi, do\u011fru mu?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8212; Dona Gracia, o d\u00f6nem d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en zengin kad\u0131n\u0131. \u00c7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir servetle geliyor Osmanl\u0131\u2019ya. Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00fcy\u00fck bankerinden biri. R\u00fcstem Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n Dona Gracia\u2019n\u0131n ye\u011feni Josef\u2019le bir konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n kayd\u0131 var. R\u00fcstem Pa\u015fa diyor ki, \u201cSizin paran\u0131z benim i\u00e7in o kadar \u00f6nemli de\u011fil, bana istihbarat laz\u0131m\u201d. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u015fu bilgiye ula\u015fmak \u00f6nemli o zaman; Avrupa\u2019da hangi kral bor\u00e7lan\u0131yor? Bir kral niye bor\u00e7lan\u0131r? Demek ki sava\u015fa girecek. Bunu erken anlamak \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Avrupa\u2019y\u0131 sat\u0131yor mu yani dini u\u011fruna?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8212; Kad\u0131n \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckken babas\u0131 onu \u0130spanya\u2019ya seyahate g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Kald\u0131klar\u0131 han\u0131n sahibi diyor ki; \u201cYar\u0131n sabah mutlaka \u2018oto da fe\u2019ye (iman aks\u0131) gelmeniz laz\u0131m. Gelmezseniz sizin hakk\u0131n\u0131zda k\u00f6t\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrler\u201d. Bunlar da H\u0131ristiyan kisvesi alt\u0131nda gidiyorlar meydana baba-k\u0131z. Orada Yahudilerin nas\u0131l H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011fa d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclmek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, rezil edildi\u011fini, yak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir k\u0131zken izliyor. B\u00fct\u00fcn hayat\u0131 boyunca oradaki \u0131st\u0131rab\u0131 ruhunda hissediyor. Kendisi de daima o tehlikeyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya. Evleniyor, d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc kilisede yap\u0131yorlar ama as\u0131l d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc evde kendi aralar\u0131nda yapmak zorunda mesela. Bu&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">haber<\/a>&nbsp;d\u0131\u015far\u0131 s\u0131zabilir de&#8230; Hep risk var.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Dona Gracia, Osmanl\u0131\u2019ya geldi\u011finde Avrupa siyasetinde durum nedir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8212; O d\u00f6nem Avrupa\u2019da iki b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7 var. Kanuni ve \u015earlken. Almanya, Avusturya, \u0130spanya, Hollanda, Macaristan, \u015earlken\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131. Bu imparatorlu\u011fun Dona Gracia\u2019yla devaml\u0131 kavgas\u0131 var \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Osmanl\u0131\u2019da yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fleri biliyorlar. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsenize \u015earlken\u2019in en b\u00fcy\u00fck d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 Kanuni\u2019ye istihbarat veren kad\u0131n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>JOZEF NAS\u0130, II. SEL\u0130M\u2019\u0130N KANKASIYDI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Frans\u0131z Kral\u0131, Jozef Nasi\u2019ye borcunu vaktinde \u00f6deyemedi\u011finde Kanuni, Akdeniz\u2019de \u2013bilhassa \u0130skenderiye\u2019de- Frans\u0131z band\u0131ral\u0131 gemilerin \u00fc\u00e7te birine el koyarak paran\u0131n tahsilini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu olay sarayda Nasi\u2019ye verilen de\u011ferin boyutlar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda ayd\u0131nlat\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. II. Selim, Josef Nasi\u2019nin kankas\u0131. Nasi, e\u011fer M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olsayd\u0131 y\u00fczde y\u00fcz sadrazam olurdu. Nasi\u2019nin \u015eehzade Selim\u2019in Osmanl\u0131 ihti\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n sembol\u00fc Kanuni Sultan S\u00fcleyman\u2019\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ard\u0131ndan tahta ge\u00e7i\u015fini kolayla\u015ft\u0131ran s\u00fcre\u00e7te \u00f6nemli rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 da yine tarih kitaplar\u0131nda rastlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bir olgu. II. Selim\u2019le yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle Nasi, h\u0131zla Sokullu Mehmet Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n nefretini kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0130ki hayalim var;&nbsp;biri, sergisini yapmak, di\u011feri de sinagogunun restorasyonu&#8230;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dona Garcia\u2019n\u0131n Hask\u00f6y\u2019de bir sinagogu var. Duvarlar\u0131 duruyor. Cemaat vakf\u0131na ait. Benim iki idealim var: Birincisi, Portekiz\u2019den bir Dona Gracia sergisi ba\u015flatmak ve bu sergiyi, onun b\u00fct\u00fcn gitti\u011fi \u00fclkelere g\u00f6t\u00fcrmek. \u0130kincisi de, o sinagogun restorasyonu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0130hmal edilen tarihi \u015fahsiyetlerden biri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dona Gracia bu kadar fedak\u00e2rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ra\u011fmen tarihine \u00e7ok ba\u011fl\u0131 ve d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcn Yahudi \u00e2leminde neden hak etti\u011fi ilgiyi g\u00f6rmemi\u015f?&nbsp;&#8212; Dona Gracia\u2019n\u0131n ihmal edilen tarihi \u015fahsiyetlerden biri oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek laz\u0131m. Cecil Roth, Andre Aelion Brooks, Marianna Birnbaum onu tarihin derinliklerinden \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131p tan\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7aba sarf eden ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar. Dona Gracia\u2019n\u0131n do\u011fumunun 500\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u0131l\u0131 olan 2010\u2019da d\u00f6nemin \u0130srail Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 \u015eimon Peres, saray\u0131nda onun i\u00e7in bir anma toplant\u0131s\u0131 d\u00fczenledi. B\u00f6ylece y\u0131llar\u0131n ihmalini bir \u015fekilde telafi ettiler. \u00dcst d\u00fczey kat\u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 toplant\u0131da tek T\u00fcrk temsilci bendim. Peres orada yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmada Dona Gracia\u2019y\u0131, Theodor Herzl\u2019e benzetti. Bu resmi anmayla \u0130srail devleti bu kahraman\u0131 tan\u0131m\u0131\u015f oldu.\/H\u00fcrriyet\/<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Diplomasi ve i\u015f d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f isimlerinden, m\u00fchendis Aaron Nommaz, Osmanl\u0131\u2019yla yak\u0131n ili\u015fkiler kurmu\u015f, Yahudiler i\u00e7in kahraman mertebesinde bir tarihi fig\u00fcr olan Dona Gracia\u2019n\u0131n ilgin\u00e7<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3260","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-turkish"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3260","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3260"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3260\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3263,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3260\/revisions\/3263"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3260"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3260"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3260"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}