{"id":32926,"date":"2021-03-22T01:36:57","date_gmt":"2021-03-21T21:36:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=32926"},"modified":"2021-03-22T01:37:00","modified_gmt":"2021-03-21T21:37:00","slug":"etruskl%c9%99r-olum-v%c9%99-dirilis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=32926","title":{"rendered":"ETR\u00dcSKL\u018fR: \u00d6L\u00dcM V\u018f D\u0130R\u0130L\u0130\u015e…"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Lat\u0131n \u015fairi Sextus Propertius (e.\u0259. 50-16), Romal\u0131lar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n eradan \u00f6nc\u0259 396-c\u0131 ild\u0259 tutulan Etrusk \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri Veii (Veiima) \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn «Elegies» (elegiya, a\u011f\u0131lar) adl\u0131 \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 s\u0259trl\u0259ri yazm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

«K\u00f6hn\u0259 bir krall\u0131q tac\u0131n var idi Veii!
V\u0259 alt\u0131nda da bir taxt dururdu
\u0130ndi divarlar\u0131n yan\u0131r bir \u00e7oban neyiyl\u0259
K\u00fcll\u0259rinin \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u0259msovrulur yaz bu\u011fdalar\u0131…<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Harrel-Court\u00e9s, 1964: 28; Dennis, 1985: 16).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ngilis \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u00e7\u0131 D. D. Lawrence (1885-1930), \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnd\u0259n sonra 1932-ci ild\u0259 Londonda n\u0259\u015fr olunan «Etruscan Places» (Etrusk Yerl\u0259ri) \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 1920-ci ill\u0259rin ortalar\u0131nda sahibsiz etrusk m\u0259zarlar\u0131n\u0131 dola\u015fark\u0259n hissl\u0259rini bel\u0259 ifad\u0259 etmi\u015fdi: «Rahat ya\u015fad\u0131qlar\u0131 \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131nda etdikl\u0259ri \u015fey n\u0259f\u0259s almaq q\u0259d\u0259r sad\u0259 v\u0259 t\u0259bii idi. H\u0259tta m\u0259zarlar\u0131 da.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Onlar bir qay\u011f\u0131s\u0131z h\u0259yat e\u015fqiyl\u0259, k\u00f6ksl\u0259rinin rahat v\u0259 s\u0259rb\u0259st n\u0259f\u0259s almas\u0131na, \u0259lb\u0259td\u0259 icaz\u0259 vermi\u015fdil\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu \u0259sil Etrusk m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259ti idi: rahatl\u0131q, t\u0259biilik v\u0259 bolluq; ruhu v\u0259 ya zehni he\u00e7 bir istiqam\u0259t\u0259 m\u0259cbur etm\u0259y\u0259 l\u00fczum yoxdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etrusklar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00f6l\u00fcm, m\u00fcc\u0259vv\u0259rl\u0259r, \u015f\u0259rab v\u0259 r\u0259qs \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00e7alan fleyta h\u0259yat\u0131n xo\u015f bir davam\u0131 idi (Freeman, 2005: 349, 350).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

«ETR\u00dcSKL\u018fR T\u00dcRKM\u00dcYD\u00dcL\u018fR?»<\/strong> kitab\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fc\u0259llifi AD\u0130LE AYDA, Etrusklar\u0131 ilk soyq\u0131r\u0131ma u\u011fram\u0131\u015f mill\u0259t olaraq xarakteriz\u0259 etmi\u015fdi: … Roman\u0131n Etrusk ita\u0259tind\u0259n ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 Etruskl\u0259rd\u0259 narahatl\u0131\u011fa s\u0259b\u0259b olmu\u015fdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u0259ziyy\u0259ti g\u00f6r\u0259n Chiusi kral\u0131 Porsenna, Roma taxt\u0131ndan qovulan Roma kral\u0131n\u0131 yenid\u0259n taxt\u0131na qaytarmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0259rbi t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcs g\u00f6st\u0259rdi. Lakin bir ara Roman\u0131 f\u0259th etm\u0259y\u0259 m\u00fcv\u0259ff\u0259q olsa da, bu c\u0259hdl\u0259r n\u0259tic\u0259siz qald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir m\u00fcdd\u0259t sonra o\u011flu Latin q\u0259bil\u0259l\u0259r Birliyinin ordusunda m\u0259\u011flub olanda Roma Lat\u0131nlar\u0131n \u0259lin\u0259 ke\u00e7di.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Romal\u0131lar bu q\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n c\u0259sar\u0259tl\u0259ndil\u0259r v\u0259 \u00f6z n\u00f6vb\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 dig\u0259r Etrusk \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rini f\u0259th etm\u0259yi planla\u015fd\u0131rd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yuxar\u0131da qeyd edildiyi kimi, romal\u0131lar h\u0259r \u015feyi etrusklardan \u00f6yr\u0259nmi\u015f v\u0259 sivilizasiyas\u0131n\u0131 etrusklardan alm\u0131\u015f olduqlar\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259, bel\u0259likl\u0259, onlara qar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fccl\u00fc bir a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 duy\u011fu b\u0259sl\u0259yirdil\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bunun n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 romal\u0131lar Etrusklara qar\u015f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259n\u00e7ilik v\u0259 nifr\u0259t b\u0259sl\u0259yirdil\u0259r. H\u0259r bir Romal\u0131 Etrusklara aid olan h\u0259r \u015feyi q\u0131r\u0131b \u0259zm\u0259y\u0259 can at\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f6rd \u0259sr davam ed\u0259n Etrusk — Roma m\u00fcbariz\u0259si zaman\u0131 bu yenilm\u0259z kininin, v\u0259h\u015fi v\u0259 d\u0259h\u015f\u0259tli t\u0259zah\u00fcrl\u0259rin\u0259 d\u0259f\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 \u015fahid olmu\u015fdular.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Romal\u0131lar \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rin\u0259 \u00e7ox yax\u0131n olan Veies \u015f\u0259h\u0259rini m\u00fchasir\u0259y\u0259 almaqla ba\u015flad\u0131lar. On il davam ed\u0259n m\u00fchasir\u0259nin sonunda bir hiyl\u0259 il\u0259 girdikl\u0259ri \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u0259mi\u015f bir q\u0131r\u011f\u0131n t\u00f6r\u0259tdil\u0259r. H\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 \u00f6z mill\u0259tini yax\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcl\u0259rini yazan Titus Livius bel\u0259, ilk iyirmi d\u00f6rd saat\u0131n h\u0259r d\u0259qiq\u0259sind\u0259 q\u0259tl hadis\u0259si oldu\u011funu qeyd edirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qalib Romal\u0131lar, s\u0259n\u0259t v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t sah\u0259sind\u0259ki varl\u0131l\u0131q v\u0259 firavanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na h\u0259s\u0259dl\u0259, q\u0131sqancl\u0131qla baxd\u0131qlar\u0131 Veiesnin ziyar\u0259tgahlar\u0131n\u0131, meydanlar\u0131n\u0131, parklar\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 b\u0259z\u0259y\u0259n \u00fc\u00e7 min (!) Heyk\u0259li Romaya da\u015f\u0131ma\u011f\u0131 da unutmad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu vaxt Ana tanr\u0131\u00e7a Aninin heyk\u0259li Romaya apar\u0131laraq Junon ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda bir m\u0259b\u0259d\u0259 qoyuldu v\u0259 Roma xalq\u0131 inand\u0131rd\u0131 ki, n\u0259inki ilah\u0259nin heyk\u0259li, h\u0259tta art\u0131q \u00f6z\u00fc d\u0259 Romaya k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bundan sonra Etrusklar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259n\u0259zz\u00fcl d\u00f6vr\u00fc ba\u015flay\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n d\u0259, yunanlar \u015fimalda Adria v\u0259 Spina kimi Etrusk limanlar\u0131n\u0131 z\u0259bt etdil\u0259r, Romal\u0131lar is\u0259 Etrusklar\u0131n ifrat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 diplomatiya il\u0259 y\u0131xma\u011fa m\u00fcv\u0259ff\u0259q oldular, s\u0131ra il\u0259 Cerveteri (e.\u0259. 351), Tarquinia (300), Volterra (295), Volsinies (283), Vulci (273) \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irdil\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eram\u0131zdan \u00f6nc\u0259 ikinci y\u00fcz illiyin ortalar\u0131 Roma tarixinin qar\u0131\u015f\u0131q bir d\u00f6vr\u00fcd\u00fcr. II \u0259srin ortalar\u0131nda Marius v\u0259 Sylla aras\u0131ndak\u0131 v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f m\u00fcharib\u0259si zaman\u0131, Etrusk xalq\u0131n\u0131n d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259diyi Marius m\u0259\u011flub oldu\u011fu zaman Sylla b\u00fct\u00fcn Etrusk \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259 q\u0131r\u011f\u0131n \u0259mrini verdi v\u0259 bu \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259r\u0259 h\u0259rbi qarnizonlar yerl\u0259\u015fdirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130san\u0131n do\u011fulmas\u0131ndan 40 il \u0259vv\u0259l Perigian\u0131n tutulduqdan sonra \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin 300 a\u011fsaqqal\u0131 Romaya apar\u0131ld\u0131 v\u0259 Sezar\u0131n m\u0259zar\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u0259 qoyun kimi qurban k\u0259sildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Burada qeyd etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, Etrusklar\u0131n Romal\u0131lar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n m\u0259hv edilm\u0259si d\u00fcnya tarixind\u0259 ilk maddi v\u0259 m\u0259n\u0259vi sah\u0259d\u0259 bir «xalq\u0131 m\u0259hv etm\u0259» h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131 idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu «mill\u0259ti m\u0259hv ed\u0259n» h\u0259r\u0259kat t\u0259kc\u0259 maddi sah\u0259d\u0259 deyil, m\u0259n\u0259vi sah\u0259d\u0259 d\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6st\u0259rdi. Bir italyan bir m\u00fc\u0259llif \u00f6z\u00fc etiraf edir: «Romal\u0131lar etruskal\u0131lar\u0131 n\u0259inki m\u0259hv etdil\u0259r, m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tl\u0259rinin \u0259n ki\u00e7ik bir izini d\u0259 aradan qald\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259n g\u0259l\u0259ni etdil\u0259r.»<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bunlar\u0131n ham\u0131s\u0131 bir sivilizasiyan\u0131 tamamil\u0259 m\u0259hv ed\u0259 bilm\u0259di. Onlar\u0131n b\u0259hs etdiyi m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t, dili v\u0259 yaz\u0131lar\u0131, dastan v\u0259 \u0259fsan\u0259l\u0259ri, Romadan ba\u015flayaraq h\u0259r biri s\u0259n\u0259t v\u0259 inc\u0259lik da\u015f\u0131yan s\u0259n\u0259t \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259n \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rin say\u0131nad\u0259k \u00f6yr\u0259nildi, Etruskologiya adl\u0131 elm sah\u0259sinin yaranmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olaraq \u00f6lm\u0259zl\u0259\u015fdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Y\u00fcz ill\u0259r sonra … \u0130taliyan\u0131n Turin Universiteti t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n son 4 ild\u0259 apar\u0131lan \u00e7ox istiqam\u0259tli ara\u015fd\u0131rman\u0131n n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ri a\u00e7\u0131qland\u0131 v\u0259 Anadoluda Etrusklar\u0131n h\u0259ddind\u0259n art\u0131q q\u0131tl\u0131q s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n Lidiyadan \u0259vv\u0259l Limni adas\u0131na v\u0259 buradan da d\u0259nizl\u0259 M\u0259rk\u0259zi \u0130taliyan\u0131n Toskano b\u00f6lg\u0259sin\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7 etdikl\u0259ri ortaya \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Genetika m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisi doktor Alberto Piazza Toskano, Etruskaya y\u00f6n\u0259lmi\u015f \u00fc\u00e7 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259, Volterra, Murlo v\u0259 Casentinoda c\u0259mi 263 n\u0259f\u0259rd\u0259n al\u0131nan qan \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 t\u0259dqiqat apard\u0131. \u015eimali v\u0259 C\u0259nubi \u0130taliya, C\u0259nubi Balkanlar, Siciliya, Sardiniya, Limni Adas\u0131 v\u0259 Anadoludan g\u0259l\u0259n qan n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259rinin DNT testl\u0259rini 1264 DNA- s\u0131 il\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259 etdi, \u0259n yax\u0131n olaraq t\u00fcrkl\u0259rii il\u0259 v\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259 ya\u015fayanlarla bu DNA-lar\u0131n eyni oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u0259di. \u018flav\u0259 etdi ki, be\u015f n\u0259f\u0259rin DNT-si s\u0131naqlarda (2017) Lidiya b\u00f6lg\u0259si il\u0259 tam uy\u011fun g\u0259lib.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etrusklar\u0131 da m\u0259d\u0259ni varl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z kimi unutmayaraq, h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 canl\u0131 olaraq qoruyaca\u011f\u0131q.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al\u0131nt\u0131: S\u0259lim Sar\u0131soy<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Lat\u0131n \u015fairi Sextus Propertius (e.\u0259. 50-16), Romal\u0131lar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n eradan \u00f6nc\u0259 396-c\u0131 ild\u0259 tutulan Etrusk \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri Veii (Veiima) \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn «Elegies» (elegiya, a\u011f\u0131lar) adl\u0131 \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32926","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tarix"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32926","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=32926"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32926\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32928,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32926\/revisions\/32928"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=32926"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=32926"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=32926"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}