{"id":36878,"date":"2021-05-05T01:56:10","date_gmt":"2021-05-04T21:56:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=36878"},"modified":"2021-05-05T01:56:16","modified_gmt":"2021-05-04T21:56:16","slug":"rusiya-isgali-dovru-suni-yaradilan-erm%c9%99ni-vilay%c9%99ti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=36878","title":{"rendered":"Rusiya i\u015f\u011fal\u0131 d\u00f6vr\u00fc — s\u00fcni yarad\u0131lan «erm\u0259ni vilay\u0259ti»"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Nazim Mustafa<\/strong><\/a>
tarix \u00fczr\u0259 f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259 doktoru<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130r\u0259van xanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f\u011fal\u0131ndan bir ne\u00e7\u0259 g\u00fcn sonra \u2013 1827-ci il oktyabr\u0131n 6-da h\u0259min \u0259razid\u0259 Paskevi\u00e7in \u0259mri il\u0259 yeni Rusiya \u00fcsul-idar\u0259si kimi, \u201c\u0130r\u0259van M\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti \u0130dar\u0259si\u201d yarad\u0131l\u0131r. Yerli qo\u015funlar\u0131n komandan\u0131 general Krasovski idar\u0259nin r\u0259isi, qalan\u0131n m\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti komendant\u0131 podpolkovnik Bronevski v\u0259 arxiyepiskop Nerses A\u015ftarakesi is\u0259 idar\u0259nin \u00fczv\u00fc t\u0259yin edilirl\u0259r. M\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti idar\u0259nin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 hakimiyy\u0259ti \u0259l\u0259 almaq, qayda-qanun yaratmaq, ordunu daimi \u0259rzaqla t\u0259chiz etm\u0259k, \u0130r\u0259van, S\u0259rdarabad v\u0259 Abbasabad qalalar\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcdafi\u0259 etm\u0259k, G\u00fcrc\u00fcstanla \u0259laq\u0259 yaratmaq, pamb\u0131q\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 inki\u015faf etdirm\u0259k, duz istehsal\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmaq, \u0130r\u0259van xan\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fclkl\u0259rinin, s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u0259rinin, g\u0259lirl\u0259rinin hesabat\u0131n\u0131 aparmaq, onun b\u00fct\u00fcn da\u015f\u0131nar v\u0259 da\u015f\u0131nmaz \u0259mlak\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcsadir\u0259 etm\u0259k v\u0259zif\u0259si qoyulmu\u015fdu.\u00a0[74]<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Lakin Krasovskinin Nerses\u0259 verdiyi qeyri-m\u0259hdud s\u0259lahiyy\u0259tl\u0259r say\u0259sind\u0259 erm\u0259nil\u0259r ist\u0259dikl\u0259rin\u0259 nail olurlar. M\u00fcharib\u0259d\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015f \u0259haliy\u0259 paylamaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn veril\u0259n 4500 \u00e7etvert tax\u0131l\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck hiss\u0259si sayca azl\u0131q t\u0259\u015fkil ed\u0259n erm\u0259nil\u0259r\u0259 paylanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. M\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar d\u00f6vl\u0259t himay\u0259sind\u0259n m\u0259hrum edilmi\u015fdil\u0259r. Bununla \u0259laq\u0259dar Paskevi\u00e7 ba\u015f q\u0259rargah r\u0259isin\u0259 2 aprel 1828-ci ild\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259rdiyi m\u0259ktubunda yaz\u0131rd\u0131: \u201cM\u0259n t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcr etm\u0259zdim ki, Krasovski yaln\u0131z Nersesin irad\u0259si il\u0259 h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t ed\u0259c\u0259k, m\u0259nim ona verdiyim t\u0259limata m\u0259h\u0259l qoymay\u0131b, yenic\u0259 \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irilmi\u015f \u0259yal\u0259tin idar\u0259 edilm\u0259si qay\u011f\u0131s\u0131na qalmayacaq, b\u00fct\u00fcn \u0259halinin d\u00f6rdd\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fc t\u0259\u015fkil ed\u0259n m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlara himay\u0259darl\u0131q etm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259k, laz\u0131mi v\u0259sait ay\u0131rmayacaq\u201d.[75]<\/strong> Yerli m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlara qar\u015f\u0131 edil\u0259n ayr\u0131se\u00e7kilik naraz\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n artmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olur, n\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259  onlar\u0131n bir qismini \u0130ran v\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259y\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcb getm\u0259y\u0259 vadar edirdi. Rusiyadan naraz\u0131 m\u00fcs\u0259lman \u0259halinin s\u0259rh\u0259din \u0259ks t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259 c\u0259ml\u0259nm\u0259si Paskevi\u00e7i narahat edirdi. Ona g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 o, Nersesi <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0130r\u0259van m\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti idar\u0259sind\u0259ki f\u0259aliyy\u0259tind\u0259n uzaqla\u015fd\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. T\u00fcrkm\u0259n\u00e7ay m\u00fcqavil\u0259si imzaland\u0131qdan sonra Paskevi\u00e7 general Krasovskini \u0130r\u0259van m\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti idar\u0259sinin r\u0259isi v\u0259zif\u0259sind\u0259n azad etmi\u015f, m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlara qar\u015f\u0131 b\u0259d \u0259m\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259n \u0259l \u00e7\u0259km\u0259y\u0259n arxiyepiskop Nersesi is\u0259 Bessarabiyaya s\u00fcrg\u00fcn etdirmi\u015fdi.
1828-ci il fevral\u0131n 10-da imzalanan T\u00fcrkm\u0259n\u00e7ay m\u00fcqavil\u0259si il\u0259 \u0130r\u0259van v\u0259 Nax\u00e7\u0131van xanl\u0131q\u0131ar\u0131 Rusiyaya birl\u0259\u015fdiril\u0131ir. Mart\u0131n 20-d\u0259 I Nikolay bu m\u00fcqavil\u0259ni t\u0259sdiq edir v\u0259 ert\u0259si g\u00fcn Erm\u0259ni vilay\u0259ti yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 haqq\u0131nda f\u0259rman verilir. F\u0259rmanda deyilirdi: \u201c\u0130ranla ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f m\u00fcqavil\u0259y\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n \u0130randan Rusiyaya birl\u0259\u015fdiril\u0259n \u0130r\u0259van v\u0259 Nax\u00e7\u0131van xanl\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131 bundan sonra Erm\u0259ni vilay\u0259ti adland\u0131rma\u011f\u0131 h\u00f6km edir v\u0259 \u00f6z titulumuza daxil edirik. H\u0259min vilay\u0259tin qurulu\u015fu v\u0259 onun idar\u0259 edilm\u0259si qaydas\u0131 haqq\u0131nda Ali Senat laz\u0131mi f\u0259rmanlar\u0131 \u00f6z vaxt\u0131nda alacaqd\u0131r.\u201d [76]<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Erm\u0259nil\u0259rin \u0130r\u0259van xanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f\u011fal\u0131ndak\u0131 xidm\u0259tl\u0259ri n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131naraq, yeni yarad\u0131lan inzibati-\u0259razi vahidi \u201cErm\u0259ni vilay\u0259ti\u201d adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. \u018fslind\u0259 is\u0259 bu ad erm\u0259nil\u0259rin \u0130ran v\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 \u0259razisind\u0259n k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcb g\u0259tiril\u0259r\u0259k yeni i\u015f\u011fal olunmu\u015f \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 erm\u0259nil\u0259rd\u0259n ibar\u0259t xristian bufer zola\u011f\u0131 yaratma\u011fa xidm\u0259t edirdi. Rusiyan\u0131n hakim dair\u0259l\u0259ri \u00f6z niyy\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131qdan sonra vilay\u0259tin ad\u0131ndan \u201cerm\u0259ni\u201d ifad\u0259si g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc. \u0130r\u0259van xanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f\u011fal\u0131ndan d\u0259rhal sonra rus \u00fcsul-idar\u0259si t\u0259tbiq edilm\u0259mi\u015f, bir m\u00fcdd\u0259t xanl\u0131q d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259ki idar\u0259\u00e7ilik formas\u0131 saxlan\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.
Erm\u0259ni vilay\u0259ti \u0130r\u0259van v\u0259 Nax\u00e7\u0131van \u0259yal\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 v\u0259 Ordubad dair\u0259sin\u0259 b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc. \u0130r\u0259van \u0259yal\u0259tin\u0259 ke\u00e7mi\u015f \u0130r\u0259van xanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 15 mahal\u0131, Nax\u00e7\u0131van \u0259yal\u0259tin\u0259 5 mahal v\u0259 Ordubad dair\u0259sin\u0259 5 mahal daxil idi. Vilay\u0259t idar\u0259sinin r\u0259isi v\u0259zif\u0259sin\u0259 yerli qo\u015funlar\u0131n komandan\u0131 general-mayor Aleksandr \u00c7av\u00e7avadze t\u0259yin edilmi\u015fdi. Vilay\u0259t idar\u0259sinin \u00fczvl\u0259ri iki rus h\u0259rb\u00e7isind\u0259n v\u0259 az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131lar\u0131n v\u0259 erm\u0259nil\u0259rin t\u0259msil\u00e7il\u0259rind\u0259n ibar\u0259t idi. (\u00c7av\u00e7avadzenin q\u0131z\u0131 Nina rus dramaturqu v\u0259 diplomat\u0131, 1829-cu ilin fevral\u0131nda Tehranda s\u0259fir olark\u0259n q\u0259tl\u0259 yetiril\u0259n Aleksandr Qriboyedovun arvad\u0131 idi). <\/em>
13 fevral 1830-cu ild\u0259 vilay\u0259tin r\u0259isi v\u0259zif\u0259sin\u0259 Tiflis erm\u0259nisi general-mayor Vasili Bebutov (Behbudov) t\u0259yin edilir. Erm\u0259ni tarix\u00e7isi Z.Qriqoryan erm\u0259nil\u0259rin vilay\u0259tin idar\u0259\u00e7iliyind\u0259 i\u015ftirak\u0131na qada\u011fa qoyulmas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259sdiq ed\u0259r\u0259k yaz\u0131r ki, V.Bebutovun vilay\u0259t r\u0259isi oldu\u011fu d\u00f6vrd\u0259 rusla\u015fd\u0131rma siyas\u0259ti daha da g\u00fccl\u0259ndirilmi\u015f, n\u0259inki administrasiya m\u0259rk\u0259zind\u0259, h\u0259tta mahallarda bel\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn h\u0259rbi v\u0259 m\u00fclki v\u0259zif\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 rus m\u0259murlar\u0131 t\u0259yin edilmi\u015fdi.[77]<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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23 iyun 1833-c\u00fc ild\u0259 \u00e7ar I Nikolay \u201cErm\u0259ni vilay\u0259ti\u201dnin yeni adminstrativ qurulu\u015funu t\u0259sdiq edir. \u0130r\u0259van q\u0259zas\u0131 4 dair\u0259y\u0259 \u2013 \u0130r\u0259van, \u015e\u0259rur, S\u00fcrm\u0259li v\u0259 S\u0259rdarabad dair\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcr.
1840-c\u0131 il aprelin 10-da C\u0259nubi Qafqaz\u0131n yeni inzibati qurulu\u015fu haqq\u0131nda qanun q\u0259bul edilir. Yeni qanunla \u201cErm\u0259ni vilay\u0259ti\u201d burax\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130r\u0259van q\u0259zas\u0131 yeni yarad\u0131lan G\u00fcrc\u00fc-\u0130mereti quberniyas\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259rkibin\u0259 daxil edilir. P\u0259mb\u0259k-\u015e\u00f6r\u0259yel distansiyas\u0131 is\u0259 Aleksandropol q\u0259zas\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259rkibin\u0259 daxil edilir. 1844-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Qafqaz cani\u015finliyi yarad\u0131l\u0131r. 14 dekabr 1846-c\u0131 il qanunu il\u0259 Qafqaz\u0131n yeni inzibati b\u00f6lg\u00fcs\u00fc t\u0259sdiq edilir. \u0130r\u0259van v\u0259 Aleksandropol q\u0259zalar\u0131 yeni yarad\u0131lan Tiflis quberniyas\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259rkibin\u0259 daxil edilir. Senat\u0131n 9 iyun 1849-cu il f\u0259rman\u0131 il\u0259 \u0130r\u0259van, Aleksandropol, Nax\u00e7\u0131van, Ordubad v\u0259 Novo-B\u0259yazid q\u0259zalar\u0131ndan ibar\u0259t \u0130r\u0259van quberniyas\u0131 t\u0259\u015fkil edilir.
1870-ci ild\u0259 \u0130r\u0259van quberniyas\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259rkibind\u0259 yeni \u015e\u0259rur-D\u0259r\u0259l\u0259y\u0259z q\u0259zas\u0131, 1875-ci ild\u0259 is\u0259 S\u00fcrm\u0259li q\u0259zas\u0131 yarad\u0131l\u0131r. 1918-ci il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r \u0130r\u0259van quberniyan\u0131n t\u0259rkibin\u0259 7 q\u0259za \u2013 \u0130r\u0259van, Aleksandropol, <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Nax\u00e7\u0131van, Novo-B\u0259yazid, S\u00fcrm\u0259li, \u015e\u0259rur-D\u0259r\u0259l\u0259y\u0259z v\u0259 E\u00e7mi\u0259dzin q\u0259zalar\u0131 daxil idi.
Rusiya i\u015f\u011fal\u0131 d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 \u0130r\u0259van v\u0259 G\u00fcmr\u00fc (Aleksandropol) \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rinin, habel\u0259 \u0130r\u0259van quberniyas\u0131n\u0131n gerbl\u0259ri t\u0259sdiq edilmi\u015fdir. \u0130r\u0259van \u015f\u0259h\u0259rinin gerbi 21 may 1843-c\u00fc ild\u0259 t\u0259sdiq olunmu\u015fdu. Gerbin t\u0259sviri bel\u0259 idi: Gerbin ikiy\u0259 b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f qalxanvari l\u00f6vh\u0259sinin yuxar\u0131dan 1-ci q\u0131z\u0131l\u0131 sah\u0259sind\u0259 zirv\u0259sind\u0259 Nuhun g\u0259misini simvoliz\u0259 ed\u0259n A\u011fr\u0131 (Ararat) da\u011f\u0131 t\u0259svir olunmu\u015fdu. Gerbin ikinci q\u0131z\u0131l\u0131 sah\u0259sind\u0259 mavi dal\u011fal\u0131 k\u0259m\u0259r Qara d\u0259nizi simvoliz\u0259 edirdi. Bu sah\u0259l\u0259rin ortas\u0131nda g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f\u00fc fonda \u0259lind\u0259 niz\u0259 tutan s\u00fcvari t\u0259svir olunmu\u015fdu. Gerbin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 hiss\u0259sinin sah\u0259si G\u00fcrc\u00fc-\u0130mereti quberniyas\u0131n\u0131n gerbinin t\u0259svirind\u0259n g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0130r\u0259van quberniyas\u0131n\u0131 idar\u0259 ed\u0259nl\u0259r aras\u0131nda n\u0259inki erm\u0259ni qubernator, he\u00e7 vitse-qubernator bel\u0259 olmam\u0131\u015fdr.\u00a0(Qubernatorlar\u0131n v\u0259 vitse-qubernatorlar\u0131n siyah\u0131s\u0131 ayr\u0131ca t\u0259qdim edilir).<\/em>
\u00c7ar Rusiyas\u0131 d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 \u0130r\u0259van quberniyas\u0131 \u0259razisind\u0259 m\u00f6vcud t\u00fcrkm\u0259n\u015f\u0259li toponiml\u0259r oldu\u011fu kimi saxlan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Yaln\u0131z \u0130r\u0259van Erivanla (1828) , G\u00fcmr\u00fc Aleksandropolla , K\u0259v\u0259r is\u0259 Novo-Bayazetl\u0259 (1850) \u0259v\u0259z edilmi\u015fdi. Rusiya i\u015f\u011fal\u0131 d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 \u00e7ap edil\u0259n inzibati-\u0259razi v\u0259 topoqrafik x\u0259rit\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 qeyd olunan toponiml\u0259r h\u0259min \u0259razinin tarix\u0259n Az\u0259rbaycan t\u00fcrkl\u0259rin\u0259 m\u0259xsuslu\u011funu \u0259yani \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Nazim Mustafatarix \u00fczr\u0259 f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259 doktoru \u0130r\u0259van xanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f\u011fal\u0131ndan bir ne\u00e7\u0259 g\u00fcn sonra \u2013 1827-ci il oktyabr\u0131n 6-da h\u0259min \u0259razid\u0259 Paskevi\u00e7in \u0259mri il\u0259 yeni Rusiya<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36878","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tarix"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36878","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=36878"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36878\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":36883,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36878\/revisions\/36883"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=36878"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=36878"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=36878"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}