{"id":38010,"date":"2021-05-19T01:05:28","date_gmt":"2021-05-18T21:05:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=38010"},"modified":"2021-05-19T01:05:30","modified_gmt":"2021-05-18T21:05:30","slug":"19-mayista-ne-oldu-19-mayis-ataturku-anma-genclik-ve-spor-bayrami","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=38010","title":{"rendered":"19 May\u0131s’ta ne oldu? 19 May\u0131s Atat\u00fcrk’\u00fc Anma, Gen\u00e7lik ve Spor Bayram\u0131…"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00d6nder Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk’\u00fcn Milli M\u00fccadele’yi ba\u015flatmak \u00fczere 19 May\u0131s 1919’da Samsun’a ayak basmas\u0131 milli bayram olarak kabul edilir. \u0130\u015fte Milli M\u00fccadele’nin ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarih olan 19 May\u0131s’\u0131n hikayesi…<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tarihi kaynaklardan derlenen bilgilere g\u00f6re, Limni adas\u0131n\u0131n Mondros Liman\u0131’nda demirli Agamemnon z\u0131rhl\u0131s\u0131nda, 30 Ekim 1918 ak\u015fam\u0131 Mondros M\u00fctarekesi imzalan\u0131r. \u00c7anakkale’de T\u00fcrk askerinin destan yazmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, d\u00fc\u015fman gemileri \u00c7anakkale Bo\u011faz\u0131’ndan ge\u00e7erek \u0130stanbul’a demirler, 15 May\u0131s 1919’da \u0130zmir \u0130\u015fgal edilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesi ise i\u015fgal g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin i\u015ftah\u0131n\u0131 kabartmaktad\u0131r. \u0130ngiltere, Yunanistan’\u0131n Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda bir Pontus Rum devleti kurma iste\u011fine destek vermektedir. Mondros Ate\u015fkes Antla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131n, «\u0130tilaf Devletleri, g\u00fcvenliklerini tehdit edecek bir durumun ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 halinde herhangi bir stratejik yeri i\u015fgal etme hakk\u0131na sahip olacakt\u0131r.» maddesi Rum \u00e7etelerine g\u00fc\u00e7 verir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Samsun ve \u00e7evresindeki Rumlar, 17-18 Mart 1919 tarihinde Samsun’a asker \u00e7\u0131karan \u0130ngilizleri de arkalar\u0131na al\u0131p, yapt\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7ete bask\u0131nlar\u0131yla karga\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kararak b\u00f6lgeyi \u0130tilaf Devletleri’nin i\u015fgaline a\u00e7mak istemektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1919 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n mart ve nisan aylar\u0131nda Rum \u00e7etelerinin sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 artmaya ba\u015flar ve T\u00fcrk \u00e7etelerinin karga\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddia edilerek \u0130ngilizler, Osmanl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmetine 21 Nisan 1919’da b\u00f6lgede asayi\u015fin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in nota verir. «E\u011fer siz asayi\u015fi sa\u011flayamazsan\u0131z biz Samsun’a \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p b\u00f6lgeyi i\u015fgal edece\u011fiz» anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan notan\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Mustafa Kemal 9. Ordu M\u00fcfetti\u015fi olarak g\u00f6revlendirilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130stanbul \u015ei\u015fli’deki evinden 16 May\u0131s’ta annesi ve karde\u015fi ile vedala\u015farak ayr\u0131lan Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk’e, vapura binmeden, «Band\u0131rma Vapuru’nun Karadeniz’de bat\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131» istihbarat\u0131 iletilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Atat\u00fcrk, o g\u00fcn ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131r:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

«Bir an yaln\u0131z kald\u0131m ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcm. Bu dakikada d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131n elinde idim. Bana her istediklerini yapamazlar m\u0131yd\u0131? Beynimden bir \u015fim\u015fek ge\u00e7ti. Tutabilirler, s\u00fcrebilirler, fakat \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek! Bunun i\u00e7in beni Karadeniz’in co\u015fkun dalgalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yakalamak laz\u0131md\u0131r. Bu ihtimal mant\u0131kl\u0131 idi. Ancak benim i\u00e7in art\u0131k yakalanmak, tutuklanmak, s\u00fcr\u00fclmek, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerimi yapmaktan al\u0131konmak hepsi \u00f6lmekle denk idi. Hemen karar verdim, otomobile atlayarak Galata r\u0131ht\u0131m\u0131na geldim.»<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00d6nder, zihnindeki kurtulu\u015f m\u00fccadelesi planlar\u0131yla, Band\u0131rma Vapuru ile \u0130stanbul’dan yola \u00e7\u0131kar. Band\u0131rma Vapuru, K\u0131z Kulesi \u00f6n\u00fcnde durdurulur. \u0130tilaf devletleri askerleri vapurda denetim yapt\u0131ktan sonra Band\u0131rma Vapuru yoluna devam eder. Mustafa Kemal, kaptan \u0130smail Hakk\u0131 Durusu’ya, sahile yak\u0131n bir rota \u00e7izmesini s\u00f6yler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Band\u0131rma Vapuru, \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra Sinop’a var\u0131r. Mustafa Kemal Sinop’ta karaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Samsun’a kara yoluyla gitmek i\u00e7in yolun durumunu ve ara\u00e7 sorar. Ancak ne yol ne ara\u00e7 vard\u0131r. Ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu yan\u0131tla Mustafa Kemal ve beraberindekiler tekrar vapura binerler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Samsun’a var\u0131\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

19 May\u0131s 1919 Pazartesi g\u00fcn\u00fc Band\u0131rma Vapuru Samsun sahiline demir atar. Mustafa Kemal ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131, ilk olarak Havuzlu \u0130smail’in kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 sandalla Kurmay Binba\u015f\u0131 Mahmut Ekrem Bey kar\u015f\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’nda Ruslar taraf\u0131ndan kentin b\u00fct\u00fcn iskeleleri bombalanm\u0131\u015f ancak bir tek kentte sigara \u00fcreten Frans\u0131zlara ait Reji \u0130skelesi sa\u011flam kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mustafa Kemal ve arkada\u015flar\u0131, Samsun’a ilk ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131, di\u011fer ad\u0131 Reji \u0130skelesi olan T\u00fct\u00fcn \u0130skelesi’nden atar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Karaka\u015f Mustafa lakapl\u0131 kay\u0131k\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n karaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 Mustafa Kemal ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 Samsun’da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir grup kar\u015f\u0131lar. Kar\u015f\u0131lamada Samsun Mutasarr\u0131f\u0131 \u0130brahim Ethem Bey bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Mutasarr\u0131f rahats\u0131z oldu\u011funu belirterek yerine Muhasebe M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Osman Bey’den heyeti kar\u015f\u0131lamas\u0131n\u0131 ve a\u011f\u0131rlama i\u015fleriyle ilgilenmesini istemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

«Dokuzuncu Ordu K\u0131talar\u0131 M\u00fcfetti\u015fi ve Padi\u015fah\u0131n Fahri Yaveri Mirliva Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa» unvan\u0131 ile Mustafa Kemal, «Saat 08.00’de Samsun’a ula\u015farak g\u00f6revine ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131na» dair \u0130stanbul’a telgraf g\u00f6nderir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mustafa Kemal ve arkada\u015flar\u0131 kalabal\u0131k olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in tek otele yerle\u015ftirilemezler. Atat\u00fcrk ve maiyetindekilerden bir k\u0131sm\u0131, Jean \u0130onnis Mantika’ya ait olan »Mantika Palas»a yerle\u015ftirilir, di\u011ferleri ise bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Samsun Ticaret ve Sanayi Odas\u0131n\u0131n yerinde bulunan o zamanki Karadeniz Oteli’nde kal\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Havza’ya ge\u00e7i\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Atat\u00fcrk Samsun’da 6 g\u00fcn kal\u0131r, 25 May\u0131s’ta Havza’ya ge\u00e7er. \u0130ngilizleri \u015f\u00fcphelendirmemek i\u00e7in Atat\u00fcrk, b\u00f6brek sanc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n arttt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve Havza’n\u0131n kapl\u0131calar\u0131n\u0131n kendisine iyi gelece\u011fini belirterek kentten ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Atat\u00fcrk ve arkada\u015flar\u0131, eski bir ara\u00e7la Havza’ya do\u011fru yola \u00e7\u0131kar. Yollar bozuktur ve ara\u00e7 birka\u00e7 kez ar\u0131zalan\u0131r. Ara\u00e7tan inen Atat\u00fcrk ve arkada\u015flar\u0131, do\u011fan\u0131n g\u00fczelli\u011fine kendilerini kapt\u0131rarak bir s\u00fcre «Da\u011f ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 duman alm\u0131\u015f, g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f dere durmaz akar, g\u00fcne\u015f ufuktan \u015fimdi do\u011far, y\u00fcr\u00fcyelim arkada\u015flar» mar\u015f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyerek yol al\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mustafa Kemal, Havza’da Mesudiye Oteli’nde, beraberindekiler ise Ali Osman A\u011fa’n\u0131n kona\u011f\u0131nda a\u011f\u0131rlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Atat\u00fcrk, Havza’da Milli M\u00fccadele’yi \u00f6rg\u00fctlemek i\u00e7in uygun ortam\u0131 bulur. \u0130lk M\u00fcdafa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti, Havza’da kurulur. Te\u015fkilat, ilk toplant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 «Ta\u015f Mektep» yani \u015fimdiki Merkez \u0130lk\u00f6\u011fretim Okulunda yapar. \u0130lk miting Havza’da yap\u0131l\u0131r. Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n talimat\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen mitingde, \u0130zmir’in i\u015fgali protesto edilir. \u0130lk genelge yine Havza’da yay\u0131mlan\u0131r, 28 May\u0131s’ta yay\u0131mlanan Havza Genelgesi, t\u00fcm valilikler, kolordu komutanl\u0131klar\u0131 ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z mutasarr\u0131fl\u0131klara g\u00f6nderilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Havza Genelgesi, Atat\u00fcrk’\u00fcn Samsun’a \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131ktan sonra ilk resmi tepkisi olmas\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla tarihte b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6neme sahiptir. Atat\u00fcrk, bu genelgeyle halk\u0131n i\u015fgallere tepki g\u00f6stererek milli bilincin uyand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ama\u00e7lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir sonraki dura\u011f\u0131 Amasya olacak Mustafa Kemal, 18 g\u00fcn boyunca Havza’da Milli M\u00fccadele i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli ad\u0131mlar atar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Havza’daki hareketlilikten haberdar olan \u0130ngilizlerin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bask\u0131 ile Atat\u00fcrk, Dokuzuncu Ordu M\u00fcfetti\u015fli\u011fi g\u00f6revinden al\u0131n\u0131r. \u0130lk ad\u0131mlar\u0131 teker teker atarak yoluna devam eden Atat\u00fcrk, Havzal\u0131lara sivil olarak veda eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Atat\u00fcrk, 24 Eyl\u00fcl 1924’te Havza’ya ikinci geli\u015finde, Havzal\u0131lara \u015f\u00f6yle seslenecektir:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

«Sizinle en elemli, en yeisli g\u00fcnlerde tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Aran\u0131zda g\u00fcnlerce kald\u0131m. Bana mazinin hat\u0131ras\u0131n\u0131 tekrarlatan \u015fu daire i\u00e7inde k\u0131ymetkar mesai ve muavenetinizden pek m\u00fcstefit oldum. E\u011fer Havzal\u0131lar\u0131n o samimi ve metin h\u00fcsn\u00fckabulleri olmasa ve e\u011fer Havza’n\u0131n nafi \u015fifal\u0131 kapl\u0131calar\u0131 ahval-i s\u0131hhiyem \u00fczerinde m\u00fcspet bir tesir b\u0131rakmasayd\u0131, emin olunuz ki, ink\u0131lap i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015famayacakt\u0131m. Bundan dolay\u0131d\u0131r ki Havza ve Havzal\u0131lara \u00e7ok \u015fey bor\u00e7luyum. Kalbi rab\u0131tam ebediyen saklayacak ve sizi hi\u00e7 unutmayaca\u011f\u0131m. \u0130lk c\u00fcreti, ilk cesareti g\u00f6steren sizlersiniz. \u0130nk\u0131lap ve Cumhuriyet tarihinde kahraman Havza’n\u0131n ve Havzal\u0131lar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yeri vard\u0131r.»<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mustafa Kemal’in Samsun’a \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve Kurtulu\u015f M\u00fccadelesi’ni ba\u015flat\u0131\u015f\u0131, Cumhuriyet’in ilan\u0131ndan sonra 1938 tarihine kadar »Gazi G\u00fcn\u00fc» ad\u0131yla Samsun’da yerel olarak kutlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Daha sonra ise Atat\u00fcrk’\u00fcn Milli M\u00fccadele’yi ba\u015flatmak \u00fczere 19 May\u0131s 1919’da Samsun’a ayak basmas\u0131, 20 Haziran 1938’de \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan bir kanunla milli bayram olarak kabul edilir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00d6nder Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk’\u00fcn Milli M\u00fccadele’yi ba\u015flatmak \u00fczere 19 May\u0131s 1919’da Samsun’a ayak basmas\u0131 milli bayram olarak kabul edilir. \u0130\u015fte Milli M\u00fccadele’nin ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38010","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-turkish"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38010","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=38010"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38010\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":38014,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38010\/revisions\/38014"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=38010"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=38010"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=38010"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}