{"id":40347,"date":"2021-06-16T04:35:36","date_gmt":"2021-06-16T00:35:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=40347"},"modified":"2021-06-16T04:35:39","modified_gmt":"2021-06-16T00:35:39","slug":"mus%c9%99lmanlarin-ilk-qibl%c9%99si-hara-olub-yerus%c9%99lim-m%c9%99kk%c9%99-yoxsa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=40347","title":{"rendered":"M\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar\u0131n ilk qibl\u0259si hara olub? Yerus\u0259lim, M\u0259kk\u0259, yoxsa?.."},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Bu g\u00fcn d\u00fcnya \u0259halisinin t\u0259xmin\u0259n yar\u0131s\u0131 islam dinin\u0259 sitayi\u015f edir. H\u0259r bir m\u00fcs\u0259lman g\u00fcnd\u0259 be\u015f d\u0259f\u0259 namaz q\u0131l\u0131r, dinin m\u00fcxt\u0259lif rituallar\u0131na \u0259m\u0259l edir. H\u0259r il milyonlarla m\u00fcs\u0259lman h\u0259cc ziyar\u0259tin\u0259 gedir, M\u0259kk\u0259d\u0259, K\u0259b\u0259 \u0259traf\u0131nda m\u00fcxt\u0259lif dini ayinl\u0259ri yerin\u0259 yetirirl\u0259r. Bu g\u00fcn M\u0259kk\u0259 d\u00fcnya m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sas \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri, qibl\u0259si hesab olunur. B\u00fct\u00fcn m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n inan\u0131l\u0131r ki, M\u0259kk\u0259 islam\u0131n ilk \u015f\u0259h\u0259ridir, \u201cb\u00fct\u00fcn \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rin anas\u0131\u201dd\u0131r (Um-\u0259l Korra). <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Lakin son ill\u0259r arxeoloji t\u0259dqiqatlar, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 o d\u00f6vrd\u0259 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f tarix\u00e7il\u0259rin, s\u0259lnam\u0259\u00e7il\u0259rin \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rinin diqq\u0259tli t\u0259hlili onu g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, M\u0259kk\u0259 \u0130slam\u0131n ilk \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri olmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnki bu g\u00fcnk\u00fc M\u0259kk\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rinin alt\u0131nda he\u00e7 bir arxeoloji tap\u0131nt\u0131lar, q\u0259dim \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin qal\u0131qlar\u0131 a\u015fkar olunmay\u0131b. Bu g\u00fcn \u018fr\u0259bistan yar\u0131madas\u0131nda h\u0259yata ke\u00e7iril\u0259n tikinti i\u015fl\u0259ri zaman\u0131 m\u00fctl\u0259q M\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t nazirliyinin bir n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259si i\u015ftirak etm\u0259lidir. Lakin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn M\u0259kk\u0259sind\u0259 apar\u0131lan \u00e7oxsayl\u0131 tikinti i\u015fl\u0259ri gedi\u015fat\u0131nda buna \u015fahid olmuruq. Bundan ba\u015fqa, maraql\u0131d\u0131r ki, \u201cQuran\u201dda \u201cM\u0259kk\u0259\u201d ad\u0131 yaln\u0131z bir d\u0259f\u0259 \u2013 \u201cQada\u011fan olunmu\u015f yer\u201d, \u201cM\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s ev\u201d v\u0259 \u201cA\u011fla\u015fma yeri\u201d (B\u0259kk\u0259) kimi xat\u0131rlan\u0131r. \u00dcst\u0259lik, \u201cM\u0259kk\u0259\u201d ad\u0131na 740-c\u0131 il\u0259d\u0259k he\u00e7 bir m\u0259nb\u0259d\u0259 rast g\u0259linm\u0259mi\u015fdir. O d\u00f6vr\u00fcn x\u0259rit\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 sald\u0131qda a\u00e7\u0131q-a\u015fkar g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr ki, M\u0259kk\u0259 he\u00e7 karvan yollar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 d\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015fmirdi. Bundan ba\u015fqa, Buxari v\u0259 dig\u0259r tarix\u00e7il\u0259rin qeyd etdiyi kimi, M\u0259kk\u0259 ya\u015f\u0131ll\u0131qlar\u0131n, meyv\u0259 a\u011faclar\u0131n\u0131n, su kanallar\u0131n\u0131n bol oldu\u011fu yer deyildi. He\u00e7 burada m\u0259hsuldar torpaqlar da yox idi.<br><br>B\u0259s min ill\u0259rdir \u0130slam\u0131n \u0259sas \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri, qibl\u0259si deyil\u0259n yer hara idi?<br><br>Tarix\u00e7il\u0259rin, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259, arxeoloqlar\u0131n t\u0259dqiqatlar\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259, bu \u015f\u0259h\u0259r haz\u0131rda \u0130ordaniyada yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n q\u0259dim Petra \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri olmu\u015fdur. Bu g\u00fcn Petra \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri turistl\u0259rin \u00fcz tutduqlar\u0131 \u0259n g\u00f6z\u0259l yerl\u0259rd\u0259n biridir. Petran\u0131n m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar\u0131n ilk \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri, ilk qibl\u0259si olmas\u0131 fikri bir ne\u00e7\u0259 istiqam\u0259td\u0259 s\u00fcbut olunmu\u015fdur. \u018fvv\u0259la, onu qeyd etm\u0259k yerin\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u0259rdi ki, islam tarix\u00e7il\u0259rinin, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 q\u0259dim m\u0259tnl\u0259rin g\u00f6st\u0259rdiyi b\u00fct\u00fcn \u0259lam\u0259tl\u0259r bu \u015f\u0259h\u0259r\u0259 uy\u011fun g\u0259lir. Petra \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri N\u0259batil\u0259r d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin paytaxt\u0131 olub. M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d pey\u011f\u0259mb\u0259rin babas\u0131 v\u0259 atas\u0131 da bu \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259 anadan olub. Petra \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 m\u0259hsuldar torpaqlar, bol meyv\u0259li ba\u011flar, su kanallar\u0131 m\u00f6vcud olub. \u00dcst\u0259lik, \u015f\u0259h\u0259r ticar\u0259t yollar\u0131n\u0131n k\u0259si\u015fm\u0259sind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015firdi. Buxarinin \u00f6z \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 \u201cM\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d M\u0259kk\u0259y\u0259 yuxar\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n daxil olur, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n is\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131rd\u0131\u201d ifad\u0259si M\u0259kk\u0259nin co\u011frafi m\u00f6vqeyi il\u0259 he\u00e7 c\u00fcr uzla\u015fm\u0131r, \u0259ksin\u0259 Petra il\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u0259 \u00fcst-\u00fcst\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc.<br><br>Bu g\u00fcn apar\u0131lan t\u0259dqiqatlar n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 \u0130slam\u0131n ilkin d\u00f6n\u0259ml\u0259rind\u0259 tikilmi\u015f bir ne\u00e7\u0259 m\u0259scidin qibl\u0259sinin t\u0259yin edilm\u0259sind\u0259n ayd\u0131n olur ki, onlar\u0131n ham\u0131s\u0131 Yerus\u0259lim \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259n c\u0259nubda \u2013 Petra \u015f\u0259h\u0259rinin \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 k\u0259si\u015fir. Bel\u0259 ki, 627-ci ild\u0259 tikilmi\u015f \u00c7inin Quanjou, 641-ci ild\u0259 Misirin Fustat, 700-c\u00fc ild\u0259 C\u0259nubi \u0130ordaniyan\u0131n Umayyad Saray\u0131, 701-ci ild\u0259 Livan\u0131n Ba\u2019albek v\u0259 \u0130ordaniyan\u0131n \u018fmman, 705-ci ild\u0259 Y\u0259m\u0259nin S\u0259na, 706-c\u0131 ild\u0259 \u0130srailin Xirbat-\u0259l-Minya, \u0130raq\u0131n Vasit v\u0259 Yerus\u0259limin \u018fl-\u018fqsa, 724-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Q\u0259rb sahilind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n Xirbat-\u0259l-Mafjar v\u0259 Livan\u0131n \u018fncar m\u0259scidl\u0259rinin qibl\u0259sinin t\u0259yin edilm\u0259si n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 s\u00fcbut olunur ki, b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131n ham\u0131s\u0131 bir n\u00f6qt\u0259d\u0259 \u2013 Petra \u015f\u0259h\u0259rinin \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 k\u0259si\u015fir. Bu m\u0259scidl\u0259rd\u0259n bir \u00e7oxunun is\u0259 sonralar yenid\u0259n in\u015fa edil\u0259r\u0259k, qibl\u0259l\u0259rinin d\u0259yi\u015fdiril\u0259r\u0259k bu g\u00fcnk\u00fc M\u0259kk\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin\u0259 istiqam\u0259tl\u0259ndirildiyi bilinir.<br><br>B\u0259s zahiri c\u0259h\u0259t\u0259d\u0259n \u201cM\u0259kk\u0259\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc il\u0259 ox\u015farl\u0131q t\u0259\u015fkil ed\u0259n \u201cB\u0259kk\u0259\u201d harad\u0131r? Yuxar\u0131da da qeyd etdiyimiz kimi, \u201cB\u0259kk\u0259\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn m\u0259nas\u0131 \u201ca\u011fla\u015fma yeri\u201d dem\u0259kdir. Lakin bu, indiki Yerus\u0259limd\u0259 A\u011flama divar\u0131 il\u0259 he\u00e7 bir eynilik t\u0259\u015fkil etmir. H\u0259tta \u0130smay\u0131l\u0131n anas\u0131 H\u0259c\u0259rin su tapmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn var-g\u0259l etdiyi, a\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer d\u0259 B\u0259kk\u0259 ola bil\u0259r. Son t\u0259dqiqatlardan bu n\u0259tic\u0259y\u0259 g\u0259lm\u0259k olur ki, B\u0259kk\u0259 el\u0259 Petra \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 olub. \u00c7\u00fcnki M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259din anadan olmas\u0131ndan 19 il \u0259vv\u0259l, y\u0259ni 551-ci ild\u0259 Petra \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 da\u011f\u0131d\u0131c\u0131 z\u0259lz\u0259l\u0259 ba\u015f vermi\u015f v\u0259 \u00e7oxlu insan t\u0259l\u0259fat\u0131 olmu\u015fdur. B\u0259lk\u0259 d\u0259 \u201ca\u011fla\u015fma yeri\u201d ifad\u0259si el\u0259 buna g\u00f6r\u0259 yaranm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<br><br>M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259din q\u0259bil\u0259sinin \u2013 Q\u00fcrey\u015fil\u0259rin ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f yerinin d\u0259 indiki M\u0259kk\u0259 v\u0259 M\u0259kk\u0259 civar\u0131nda olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 qeyd olunur. Buran\u0131n lokalizasiyas\u0131 Petra \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259n 45 km m\u0259saf\u0259d\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n Umeyma \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri il\u0259 \u00fcst-\u00fcst\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.<br><br>\u018fg\u0259r do\u011frudan da, \u0130slam\u0131n ilk \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri, ilk qibl\u0259si M\u0259kk\u0259 deyil, Petra \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri olubsa, bunun \u0130slam dininin doqmalar\u0131na, min ill\u0259rdir insanlar\u0131n beyinl\u0259rin\u0259 hopan ehkamlara n\u0259 kimi t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259c\u0259yini dey\u0259 bilm\u0259rik. Amma do\u011frudan da, b\u00fct\u00fcn t\u0259dqiqatlar\u0131n ucu bizi Petra \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin\u0259 g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131r.<br><br>Bu t\u0259dqiqatlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn 20 ilind\u0259n \u00e7oxunu \u018fr\u0259bistan \u00e7\u00f6ll\u0259rind\u0259 ya\u015fayaraq, ara\u015fd\u0131rmalar aparan tarix\u00e7i Dan Gibson durur. (libre.az\/)<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bu g\u00fcn d\u00fcnya \u0259halisinin t\u0259xmin\u0259n yar\u0131s\u0131 islam dinin\u0259 sitayi\u015f edir. H\u0259r bir m\u00fcs\u0259lman g\u00fcnd\u0259 be\u015f d\u0259f\u0259 namaz q\u0131l\u0131r, dinin m\u00fcxt\u0259lif rituallar\u0131na \u0259m\u0259l edir. H\u0259r<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":40348,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-40347","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arasdirma"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40347","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=40347"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40347\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":40349,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40347\/revisions\/40349"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/40348"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=40347"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=40347"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=40347"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}