{"id":40756,"date":"2021-06-21T04:00:34","date_gmt":"2021-06-21T00:00:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=40756"},"modified":"2021-06-21T04:00:37","modified_gmt":"2021-06-21T00:00:37","slug":"%c9%99ski-turkl%c9%99rd%c9%99-idar%c9%99etm%c9%99-sistemi-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=40756","title":{"rendered":"\u018fSK\u0130 T\u00dcRKL\u018fRD\u018f \u0130DAR\u018fETM\u018f S\u0130STEM\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

OLCAY CAN KAPLAN

1. Xarizmatik lider \/ T\u0259k ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131

Ergenekon \u0259fsan\u0259sini e\u015fitm\u0259y\u0259n yoxdur. D\u0259mir da\u011f\u0131 \u0259rid\u0259n T\u00fcrk q\u00f6vm\u00fcn\u00fcn bir qurdun r\u0259hb\u0259rliyind\u0259 tarix s\u0259hn\u0259sin\u0259 yenid\u0259n \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f hekay\u0259si …

Lakin h\u0259qiqi tarixd\u0259 bir m\u0259nz\u0259r\u0259 he\u00e7 d\u0259yi\u015fmir. T\u00fcrkl\u0259r \u0259traf\u0131nda birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bir lider tapd\u0131qda, tarixin gedi\u015fini d\u0259yi\u015fdirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn s\u0259y g\u00f6st\u0259rirl\u0259r. Asiya Hun d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin qurucusu Teoman, bu liderl\u0259rin ilk n\u00fcmun\u0259sidir. Daha sonra, tarix s\u0259hif\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 ad\u0131n\u0131 yazan Mete Xan, 209-cu ild\u0259 s\u0259hn\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xacaq v\u0259 Hun taxt\u0131nda oturacaqd\u0131. Xalq\u0131n d\u0259st\u0259yi il\u0259 tezlikl\u0259 \u00c7inl\u0259 d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u0259r\u0259k m\u00fcharib\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 qalib g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k v\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259n x\u0259rac alacaqd\u0131. H\u0259rbi sistemi 10-lu sistem\u0259 ke\u00e7ir\u0259r\u0259k bu g\u00fcn\u0259d\u0259k \u00e7atm\u0131\u015f bir yenilik imzalayacaqd\u0131.

T\u00fcrkl\u0259rd\u0259n n\u0259 zaman xarizmatik lider ortaya \u00e7\u0131xsa, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n tarixin\u0259 t\u0259sir ed\u0259c\u0259k bir fiqur ortaya \u00e7\u0131xard\u0131. G\u00f6yt\u00fcrkl\u0259r d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 (552) Bumin Ka\u011fan\u0131n arxas\u0131nda t\u0259k v\u00fccud olan T\u00fcrkl\u0259r, q\u0131sa m\u00fcdd\u0259t i\u00e7ind\u0259 n\u0259h\u0259ng \u00c7in \u00f6lk\u0259sini vergiy\u0259 ba\u011flayacaq q\u0259d\u0259r q\u00fcvv\u0259tl\u0259ndil\u0259r. T\u00fcrk c\u0259miyy\u0259tinin m\u00fcv\u0259ff\u0259qiyy\u0259t\u0259 qovu\u015fdu\u011fu d\u00f6vrl\u0259ri hesaba alsaq, xarizmatik bir lider v\u0259 ona can\u0131yla qan\u0131yla ba\u011flanan xalq qar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131xar. Sisteml\u0259r v\u0259 s\u00fclal\u0259l\u0259r dig\u0259r xalqlar\u0131n tarixind\u0259 \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131xmas\u0131 fonunda, T\u00fcrk tarixind\u0259 is\u0259 onlara r\u0259hb\u0259rlik ed\u0259n lider b\u00f6y\u00fck \u00f6n\u0259m da\u015f\u0131yar. S\u0259lcuqlularda da k\u00f6kl\u00fc u\u011furlar Alparslan, M\u0259lik\u015fah, K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7arslan kimi \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tl\u0259rin ad\u0131yla ba\u011flan\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131da is\u0259 Fatih, Yavuz S\u0259lim, Qanuni v\u0259 II. Abd\u00fclhamid d\u0259 bel\u0259 say\u0131l\u0131r. Bunun s\u0259b\u0259bi zehinl\u0259rimizd\u0259 oyulmu\u015f olan q\u00fcdr\u0259tli d\u00f6vl\u0259t ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 idrak\u0131d\u0131r.


140 il \u0259vv\u0259l bizl\u0259ri konstitusiyal\u0131 monarxiyaya ke\u00e7m\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259cbur ed\u0259nl\u0259r kiml\u0259rdir? B\u00fct\u00fcn bu, T\u00fcrkl\u0259rin t\u0259krar bir liderin \u0259traf\u0131nda yenid\u0259n birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259sin\u0259 mane\u0259 t\u00f6r\u0259tm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn edilmi\u015fdimi? 27 may qiyam\u0131n\u0131 edib Ba\u015f nazir Adnan Menderesi edam ed\u0259nl\u0259r xalq\u0131n bu b\u00f6y\u00fck lider\u0259 k\u00f6n\u00fcl verm\u0259sind\u0259nmi narahat olmu\u015fdular? Cavablar suallar\u0131n i\u00e7ind\u0259dir.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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2. D\u00f6vl\u0259t v\u0259 Kut: Bu m\u0259qm\u0131 Tanr\u0131 s\u0259n\u0259 verdi

T\u00fcrkl\u0259r, d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u0259 «il» (s\u00f6z\u00fcn m\u0259nas\u0131: bar\u0131\u015f) dey\u0259rdil\u0259r. Bir d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00e7\u00fc olaraq m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n olunan bir c\u0259miyy\u0259tin d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u0259 «il» s\u00f6z\u00fc il\u0259 s\u00fclh dem\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 baxmayaraq, \u0259dal\u0259t \u00fczr\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f\u0131 prinsip etdikl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 ziddiyy\u0259tli oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcns\u0259 d\u0259, ictimai bar\u0131\u015f, d\u00f6vl\u0259tin ayaq \u00fcstd\u0259 qalmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259n m\u00fch\u00fcm \u015f\u0259rt idi. D\u00f6vl\u0259ti ata g\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259n t\u00fcrkl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn mill\u0259t \u00f6z atas\u0131na s\u0259daq\u0259tli bir \u00f6vlad sevgisiyl\u0259 qulluq etm\u0259sin\u0259 b\u0259nz\u0259yir. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 \u00fcsyan ed\u0259nl\u0259r\u0259 \u0259n a\u011f\u0131r c\u0259zalar t\u0259tbiq olunurdu.

M\u00fcst\u0259qilliy\u0259 olan sevgil\u0259rni tarixin bir \u00e7ox d\u00f6vrl\u0259rind\u0259 ba\u015f ver\u0259n hadis\u0259l\u0259rin n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 t\u0259svir ed\u0259 bil\u0259rik. \u00c7in z\u00fclm\u00fc kimi \u0259n \u00e7\u0259tin zamanlarda, G\u00fcr\u015fad ortaya \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131, \u00c7ini q\u0259lbind\u0259n vuraraq \u00f6z m\u00fcst\u0259qilliyini qazanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.

Beyn\u0259lxalq l\u00fc\u011f\u0259td\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin hakimiyy\u0259t tipl\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7 n\u00f6vd\u0259 d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259ndirilir: \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi, xarizmatik, h\u00fcquqi hakimiyy\u0259t. T\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259ti \u0259n\u0259n\u0259y\u0259 \u0259saslanan qut anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131, xarizmatik legitimlik n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259sinin m\u0259rk\u0259zind\u0259 yer al\u0131r. «Kut», Tanr\u0131n\u0131n h\u00f6kmdara ba\u011f\u0131\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 q\u00fcdr\u0259ti ifad\u0259 ed\u0259r. Bu q\u00fcdr\u0259tin eyni ail\u0259nin \u00fczvl\u0259ri aras\u0131nda davam etdiyin\u0259 inan\u0131lard\u0131. \u0130dar\u0259etm\u0259d\u0259 m\u00fcv\u0259ff\u0259qiyy\u0259t davam ed\u0259rk\u0259n, Xaqan tac- taxtda oturur, ancaq siyasi v\u0259 iqtisadi \u00e7\u0259tinliy\u0259 m\u0259ruz qalan zaman Tanr\u0131n\u0131n verdiyi «qutu» geri ald\u0131\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131lard\u0131, \u0259n\u0259n\u0259y\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 Xaqan\u0131 taxtdan endiril\u0259rdi.

Kut inanc\u0131 \u0259ski T\u00fcrkl\u0259rd\u0259n Osmanl\u0131lara q\u0259d\u0259r davam etmi\u015fdi. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, Asiya Hun \u0130mperatorlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcnvan\u0131 «G\u00f6k Tanr\u0131n\u0131n taxta \u00e7\u0131xard\u0131\u011f\u0131 kut sahibi Tanuhudur». \u015e\u0259rqd\u0259ki T\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259 deyil, Atilla r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi alt\u0131nda Avropal\u0131 Hunlarda d\u00f6vl\u0259t ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 «Tanr\u0131n\u0131n q\u0131l\u0131nc\u0131» ad\u0131n\u0131 da\u015f\u0131y\u0131rd\u0131lar. Osmanl\u0131 sultanlar\u0131, yer \u00fcz\u00fcnd\u0259 Allah\u0131n k\u00f6lg\u0259si say\u0131lan «zillullah-i gesi fil arz» \u00fcnvandan istifad\u0259 ed\u0259rdil\u0259r.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Avropada tez-tez g\u00f6rd\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fcz xan\u0259dan d\u0259yi\u015fikliyi bu co\u011frafiyada g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u0259m\u0259si hikm\u0259ti qut anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131nda axtar\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.

Yusuf Has Hacib T\u00fcrkl\u0259rin «Kutadgu Bilig»d\u0259 \u0259srl\u0259r boyu d\u00f6vl\u0259tsiz ya\u015faya bilm\u0259dikl\u0259rini izah\u0259na diqq\u0259t yetir\u0259k:

«Kutun t\u0259bi\u0259ti xidm\u0259t, \u00fcst\u00fcn \u0259dal\u0259tdir. Fazil\u0259t v\u0259 qism\u0259t kutdan do\u011far… B\u0259yliy\u0259 (S\u0259lt\u0259n\u0259t\u0259) yol ondan ke\u00e7\u0259r. H\u0259r \u015fey qutun \u0259li alt\u0131ndad\u0131r, b\u00fct\u00fcn arzular onun vasit\u0259siyl\u0259 ger\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259\u015fir… \u0130lahidir. D\u00fcnyada tam bir iqtidar qur\u015fa\u011f\u0131 ba\u011flad\u0131, qurd v\u0259 quzu bir yerd\u0259 ya\u015fad\u0131. B\u0259y, bu m\u0259qama \u00f6z g\u00fcc\u00fcn v\u0259 ist\u0259yinl\u0259 g\u0259lm\u0259din, bunu siz\u0259 Tanr\u0131 verdi. H\u00f6kmdarlar iqtidar\u0131 Tanr\u0131dan al\u0131rlar»…

3. Cahan hakimiyy\u0259ti m\u0259fkur\u0259si

Bir xarizmatik lideri \u0259traf\u0131nda birl\u0259\u015f\u0259n T\u00fcrkl\u0259r, g\u00f6yd\u0259n ald\u0131qlar\u0131 \u0259nginlik t\u0259x\u0259yy\u00fcl\u00fc il\u0259 d\u00fcnyadak\u0131 dominantl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaratmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn add\u0131mlar atard\u0131lar. Bu sistemd\u0259 d\u0259 g\u00f6y\u00fcn t\u0259kliyin\u0259 uy\u011fun olaraq yer \u00fcz\u00fcnd\u0259 d\u0259 t\u0259k h\u00f6kmdar\u0131 olmas\u0131na inan\u0131rd\u0131lar.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n


Zaman — zaman, bu anlay\u0131\u015fa uy\u011fun olaraq T\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri c\u0259ng meydan\u0131nda qar\u015f\u0131-qar\u015f\u0131ya g\u0259lmi\u015fl\u0259r. S\u0259di \u015eirazinin m\u0259\u015fhur beytind\u0259, «Q\u0131rx dervi\u015fl\u0259r bir posta s\u0131\u011far, amma iki h\u00f6kmdara bir d\u00fcnya dar g\u0259l\u0259r»-dey\u0259r. Teymur v\u0259 Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid aras\u0131ndak\u0131 m\u00fcharib\u0259 eyni d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259nin t\u0259c\u0259ss\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr.

Bu t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcr futuristik h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131n \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259\u015fkil ed\u0259n n\u00f6qt\u0259dir. Atilla da Macar\u0131stan yaylalar\u0131nda, Qanuni ya\u015fl\u0131 hal\u0131nda Zigetvarda olmas\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259b\u0259bi d\u0259 bu anlay\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bizans tarix\u00e7isi Priskos (5-ci \u0259sr) v\u0259 Qot tarix\u00e7isi Jordanes\u0259 (6-c\u0131 \u0259sr) g\u00f6r\u0259 Tanr\u0131 Aresin (\u018fr\u0259s) q\u0131l\u0131nc\u0131na sahib olan atilla d\u00fcnyan\u0131 \u00f6z idar\u0259sin\u0259 almaq arzusundayd\u0131. Fatih Sultan Mehmedin Otranto f\u0259thi v\u0259 Roman\u0131 h\u0259d\u0259f kimi se\u00e7m\u0259si bir t\u0259sad\u00fcf deyildi. \u0130slam\u0131n q\u0259bulundan sonra, q\u0259za v\u0259 f\u0259th anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131yla nizamlanan d\u00fcnyadak\u0131 cahan hakimiyy\u0259ti m\u0259fkur\u0259sini T\u00fcrkl\u0259rin «Q\u0131z\u0131l alma»s\u0131 \u0259v\u0259zl\u0259di.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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4. D\u00f6vl\u0259t M\u0259clisi: Toy

Q\u0259dim T\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259 Mete Xan\u0131n d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259n (milad 209-174) etibar\u0259n d\u00f6vl\u0259tin \u00fc\u00e7 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc m\u00fczakir\u0259 edilmi\u015fdir. Birincisi dini inancla ba\u011fl\u0131 olub sarayda edilirdi. Qaraqumda ba\u015f tutan ikinci g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f bahar\u0131n g\u0259lm\u0259si il\u0259 ke\u00e7irilirdi v\u0259 iqtisadi m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r yola qoyulma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc v\u0259 son g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f, atlar\u0131n g\u00fcc y\u0131\u011fd\u0131qlar\u0131 pay\u0131z m\u00f6vs\u00fcm\u00fc il\u0259 \u00fcst-\u00fcst\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u0259rd\u00fc.

T\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rinin q\u0259dim x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n olan h\u0259rbi q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259rin \u00fcmumi qurulu\u015fu n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259n ke\u00e7irilir, giril\u0259c\u0259k d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fl\u0259rl\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar m\u0259lumatlar d\u00f6vl\u0259t r\u0259yas\u0259tin\u0259 bildirilirdi. Bu m\u0259clisl\u0259r\u0259 «Toy» deyilirdi. Toylarda m\u00fczakir\u0259 olunan m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259ri — m\u00fcasir \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259rl\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259 ets\u0259k, h\u0259m icra v\u0259 h\u0259m d\u0259 qanunvericiliy\u0259 uy\u011fun hesab edil\u0259 bil\u0259r. Qurultay olaraq da bilin\u0259n bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u0259rd\u0259, t\u00f6r\u0259y\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131q \u00e7ox vacibdir. K\u00f6hn\u0259 T\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259ki qanunvericilik v\u0259 icra funksiyalar\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6lk\u0259y\u0259 aid olsa da, m\u0259suliyy\u0259tin ger\u00e7\u0259k icra\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 Ka\u011fand\u0131r. H\u00fcquqi m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r \u00fczr\u0259 m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259tl\u0259\u015fm\u0259l\u0259r n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 son s\u00f6z d\u0259 ona aiddir.

G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u0259rin \u0259n vacibi ilk baharda ke\u00e7iril\u0259n ikinci toplant\u0131d\u0131r. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn sonunda Tanhuda, d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u0259 yeni ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131 se\u00e7il\u0259rdi. Tanuhunun r\u0259yas\u0259tind\u0259 ba\u015flayan y\u0131\u011f\u0131ncaqlara liderin xan\u0131m\u0131 Xatunun qat\u0131lmas\u0131 bir \u0259n\u0259n\u0259dir. G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u0259rd\u0259 h\u0259rbi v\u0259 m\u00fclki b\u00fcrokratiyan\u0131n ba\u015fbu\u011flar\u0131 i\u015ftirak ed\u0259rdil\u0259r.

Bu g\u00fcn prezidentin r\u0259yas\u0259tind\u0259 bakanlqar kurulunu ara\u015fd\u0131ranlar T\u00fcrk tarixini oxumalar\u0131n\u0131 t\u00f6vsiy\u0259 edirik.

5. H\u00f6kmdar\u0131n \u0259lam\u0259tl\u0259ri

T\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259 h\u00f6kmdarlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn V \u0259srin ortalar\u0131na q\u0259d\u0259r Tanhu, ka\u011fan, kan-han, yabgu, il-t\u0259b\u0259r, idi-kut t\u0259birl\u0259ri istifad\u0259 edilm\u0259kl\u0259 birlikd\u0259 \u0259n m\u0259\u015fhuru Ka\u011fan titulu idi. T\u00fcrk m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tind\u0259 hakimiyy\u0259ti t\u0259msil ed\u0259n \u0259lam\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t verilmi\u015fdir. X\u00fcsusil\u0259 d\u0259, davul v\u0259 sorgu\u00e7 Orta Asiyada qurulan d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin m\u00fcst\u0259qilliyinin \u0259lam\u0259ti say\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Orta Asiyada d\u00f6vr\u00fcn \u0259n qiym\u0259tli nax\u0131\u015flar\u0131ndan biri at quyru\u011fundan sorgu\u00e7larda b\u0259z\u0259k kimi istifad\u0259 edilm\u0259sidir. \u0130slamdan sonra, x\u00fctb\u0259l\u0259r oxunmas\u0131 v\u0259 pulun burax\u0131lmas\u0131 h\u00f6kmdarl\u0131q \u0259lam\u0259tl\u0259ri say\u0131lard\u0131.

6. \u0130kili T\u0259\u015fkilat, t\u0259k hakimiyy\u0259t

K\u00f6hn\u0259 T\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri, \u00fcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, \u00f6lk\u0259ni iki b\u00f6l\u00fcm hal\u0131nda idar\u0259 edirdi. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, bulqarlar v\u0259 macarlarda b\u00f6y\u00fck-ki\u00e7ik, O\u011fuzlar v\u0259 Qarluqlarda daxili-xarici, Asiya Hunlar\u0131 v\u0259 G\u00f6yt\u00fcrkl\u0259rin \u015fimal-c\u0259nub, Tabga\u00e7larda \u015f\u0259rq-q\u0259rb \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 bir inzibati t\u0259\u015fkilatlanma vard\u0131. Bu b\u00f6lm\u0259d\u0259 bir t\u0259r\u0259f dig\u0259rinin \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fc tan\u0131y\u0131rd\u0131. Bu inzibati qurulu\u015fdan sonra s\u00fclal\u0259nin \u00fczvl\u0259ri d\u0259 h\u0259r iki t\u0259r\u0259fin r\u0259hb\u0259rliyind\u0259 i\u015ftirak edirdil\u0259r.

Q\u0259dim t\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rinin quruldu\u011fu \u00e7\u00f6l\u00fcn co\u011frafiyas\u0131n\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alaraq, onlar\u0131n m\u00fcdrikliyi ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u0259 bil\u0259r. Geni\u015f bozk\u0131rlar\u0131 t\u0259k \u0259ld\u0259n idar\u0259 etm\u0259nin \u00e7\u0259tinliyi v\u0259 T\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rinin iqtisadi qurulu\u015funun ticar\u0259tl\u0259 birlikd\u0259, qon\u015fu \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin \u0259razil\u0259rind\u0259 edil\u0259n ya\u011fmalardan q\u00fcvv\u0259t almas\u0131 idar\u0259\u00e7il\u0259ri bel\u0259 bir \u00fcsuldan istifad\u0259 etm\u0259y\u0259 s\u00f6vq etmi\u015fdir. T\u00fcrkl\u0259r Anadoluda g\u0259ldikd\u0259, bu t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259nin t\u0259rk olundu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fck. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259, T\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rinin statik bir qurulu\u015fu yoxdur v\u0259 t\u0259\u015fkilat strukturunda t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259 vasit\u0259si il\u0259 vaxt\u0131nda d\u0259yi\u015fdiril\u0259 bil\u0259r.

\u0130kili t\u0259\u015fkilatdan ba\u015flayaraq, b\u0259zi t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131lar all\u0131k «ikili krall\u0131q» n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259sini ortaya atm\u0131\u015fd\u0131lar. Ancaq \u00c7in m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z m\u0259lumatlara g\u00f6r\u0259, T\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259t qurulu\u015fu h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131 m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f bir forma il\u0259 davam etdirirdi. R\u0259hb\u0259rlik etm\u0259ni asanla\u015fd\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn al\u0131nan ikili t\u0259\u015fkilat qurulu\u015fu bu g\u00fcn Avropa Birliyinin d\u0259 m\u00fcdafi\u0259 etdiyi yerli idar\u0259etm\u0259 sisteminin ilkin bir modelidir dey\u0259 bil\u0259rik.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

7. T\u00fcrk h\u00fcququ: T\u00f6r\u0259

T\u00fcrkl\u0259rin ictimai h\u0259yat\u0131nda \u0259n m\u00fch\u00fcm amil t\u00f6r\u0259dir. Xalq\u0131n, ba\u015fda r\u0259hb\u0259rliyin ita\u0259t etm\u0259si laz\u0131m olan b\u00fct\u00fcn qaydalara T\u00f6r\u0259 deyilirdi. H\u00fcquqi ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131q bax\u0131m\u0131ndan olduqca s\u0259rt qaydalar vard\u0131, t\u0259\u0259ss\u00fcf ki, o d\u00f6vrd\u0259 verilmi\u015f c\u0259rim\u0259l\u0259rin xarakteri il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 m\u0259lumatlar\u0131m\u0131z m\u0259hduddur. \u018flb\u0259tt\u0259 ki, d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 cinay\u0259tl\u0259r he\u00e7 vaxt t\u0259qdir olunmay\u0131b.

Adam \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u0259nl\u0259r v\u0259 zina ed\u0259nl\u0259r edam edilirdil\u0259r. O\u011frular \u00f6l\u00fcml\u0259 c\u0259zaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131 v\u0259 mallar\u0131na \u0259l qoyulurdu. Kimins\u0259 haqq\u0131na girm\u0259k \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck cinay\u0259t say\u0131lard\u0131. V\u0259t\u0259n\u0259 x\u0259yan\u0259t ed\u0259nl\u0259r v\u0259 \u0259sg\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259n m\u00fcharib\u0259 \u0259snas\u0131nda qa\u00e7anlar q\u0259tiyy\u0259n ba\u011f\u0131\u015flanmaz,, \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u0259rdil\u0259r. D\u00f6vl\u0259tin cinay\u0259tkarlara bel\u0259 q\u0259ti h\u00f6kml\u0259r ver\u0259n v\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259tin a\u011f\u0131r c\u0259zalar\u0131 qan davas\u0131n\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Q\u0259dim t\u00fcrkl\u0259rd\u0259ki \u0259dliyy\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 h\u00f6kmdarlar ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q ed\u0259rdil\u0259r. H\u00f6kmdar\u0131n ad\u0131ndan veril\u0259n T\u00f6r\u0259 h\u00f6kml\u0259rini yerin\u0259 yetirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u0259sul olan orqanlar yargan v\u0259 \u0259yanlar\u0131na tap\u015f\u0131r\u0131lard\u0131. Atillan\u0131, \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 sui-q\u0259sd haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda olan \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259lil\u0259ri \u00f6z\u00fc sor\u011fulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bar\u0259d\u0259 qeydl\u0259r var.

8. V\u0259li\u0259hd: \u018fsil olan l\u0259yaq\u0259t

D\u00f6vl\u0259t mexanizmind\u0259 d\u0259, sufilikd\u0259 oldu\u011fu kimi bir v\u0259zif\u0259y\u0259 layiq olan\u0131n v\u0259 \u0259hli olan\u0131nd\u0131r. \u018fsil olan l\u0259yaq\u0259tdir. Ka\u011fan\u0131n qat\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sava\u015flarda v\u0259li\u0259hdl\u0259r orduya ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q ed\u0259rdil\u0259r. \u00d6l\u0259n h\u00f6kmdardan sonra taxta kimin \u00e7\u0131xaca\u011f\u0131 bilinm\u0259diyin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 taxt u\u011frunda m\u00fccadil\u0259 ba\u015flayar, d\u00f6vl\u0259ti g\u00fccd\u0259n salaraq daxili sava\u015fa s\u0259b\u0259b olard\u0131lar. \u018fksin\u0259 is\u0259 idar\u0259 etm\u0259k qabiliyy\u0259tin\u0259 malik olan namiz\u0259din m\u00fcharib\u0259l\u0259rin sonunda taxta \u00e7\u0131xmas\u0131 v\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259tin n\u00fcfuzunu art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6rm\u0259kd\u0259yik.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

9. Diplomatiya: Bozk\u0131rda siyas\u0259t

Orta Asiya kimi ticar\u0259t yollar\u0131n\u0131n k\u0259si\u015fm\u0259sind\u0259 olan bir b\u00f6lg\u0259d\u0259 \u00f6z suverenliyini qorumaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn diplomatik imkanlar\u0131n\u0131z h\u0259rbi g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcz q\u0259d\u0259r y\u00fcks\u0259k olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu \u015f\u00fcurla xarici dill\u0259r\u0259 \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck ver\u0259n \u00e7oxsayl\u0131 diplomatiya hey\u0259ti Asiya Hunlar\u0131ndan bu yana qurulan T\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259yirdi. El\u00e7ilik hey\u0259tl\u0259ri yeni xan taxta \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman dostluq v\u0259 m\u00fctt\u0259fiq d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri m\u0259lumatland\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ziyar\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 ged\u0259rdil\u0259r. 1283-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Q\u0131z\u0131l Orda Xan\u0131 Tuda Meng\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u0259firlik hey\u0259ti Misird\u0259 xanlar\u0131n \u0130slam\u0131 q\u0259bul etdikl\u0259rini v\u0259 Kalavunun Mamluk taxt\u0131na \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259brik etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn g\u0259lmi\u015fdil\u0259r. \u00c7in saray\u0131na ged\u0259n t\u00fcrk s\u0259firl\u0259r, haqq\u0131nda \u00c7inin illik f\u0259aliyy\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 aid m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 qalmaqdad\u0131r. D\u00f6vl\u0259t g\u00fccl\u00fc olduqda, Ka\u011fan \u00c7ind\u0259n al\u0131nacaq ip\u0259k vergisinin miqdar\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259yin ed\u0259r v\u0259 s\u0259firl\u0259r bu x\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259ri \u00c7in saray\u0131na aparard\u0131lar. R\u0259smi yaz\u0131\u015fmalar aparan bu hey\u0259tl\u0259r, xarici d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rl\u0259 \u0259ld\u0259 edilmi\u015f raz\u0131la\u015fmalar\u0131 t\u0259sdiql\u0259m\u0259liydil\u0259r.

Rabit\u0259 obyektl\u0259rinin z\u0259if oldu\u011fu d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259 casusluq f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin taleyind\u0259 \u00e7ox vacib yer tuturdu. Hun h\u00f6kmdar\u0131 Rua dil\u0259n\u00e7i, tacir ad\u0131yla g\u0259lib c\u0259susluq etdikl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 Bizansl\u0131lar\u0131n giri\u015fini qada\u011fan etmi\u015fdi. \u018fslind\u0259, Birinci G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259sini bir s\u0131ra \u00c7in casusluq f\u0259aliyy\u0259tl\u0259ri s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259ndirmi\u015fdi.

10. Ordu: M\u00fck\u0259ll\u0259fiyy\u0259tli deyil, k\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc \u0259sg\u0259r

T\u00fcrk T\u00f6r\u0259sinin \u015f\u00fcar edil\u0259n bir tezisi «ordu mill\u0259t» anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. Onlar muzdlu \u0259sg\u0259rlik deyil\u0259n bir \u015fey bilm\u0259zdil\u0259r. M\u00fcharib\u0259 d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 h\u0259r k\u0259s haz\u0131r bir \u0259sg\u0259rdi (Bizans\u0131n T\u00fcrkl\u0259rin h\u0259rbi g\u00fcc\u00fcnd\u0259n istifad\u0259 etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn onlar\u0131 muzdlu \u0259sg\u0259r kimi istifad\u0259 etdiyi tarixi bir h\u0259qiq\u0259tdi). Mete Xan\u0131n orduda 10- luq sistemi ixtiras\u0131 iki \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259t\u0259 malikdi. Birincisi, sosial t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259ni eyni tutub varl\u0131 kas\u0131b ayr\u0131m\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na son qoyurdu. Hans\u0131 ictimai sinifd\u0259n olmas\u0131, onlardan as\u0131l\u0131 olmayaraq 10-luq sistemd\u0259 he\u00e7 bir \u00f6n\u0259m k\u0259sb el\u0259mirdi. \u018fn z\u0259nginl\u0259rin v\u0259 yoxsullar\u0131n eyni sistemd\u0259 birlikd\u0259 h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t etm\u0259l\u0259ri t\u0259l\u0259b olunurdu. \u0130kincisi, h\u0259r k\u0259s bir \u0259sg\u0259r kimi veril\u0259n \u0259mr\u0259 sadiq idi, bel\u0259likl\u0259, bu da m\u00fclki v\u0259 inzibati vahidl\u0259rin h\u0259rbi intizamda i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259sini t\u0259min edirdi. Bundan ba\u015fqa, m\u0259skunla\u015fma \u00e7\u00f6l h\u0259yat\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn mane\u0259 oldu\u011fundan, Qonar-G\u00f6\u00e7\u0259r olan t\u00fcrkl\u0259r d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u0259 haz\u0131rlanmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259yl\u0259nc\u0259d\u0259n idmana q\u0259d\u0259r m\u00fcxt\u0259lif t\u0259dbirl\u0259r ke\u00e7ir\u0259rdil\u0259r. Cirit v\u0259 g\u00fcl\u0259\u015f kimi idmanlar \u0259slind\u0259 d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f \u00f6nc\u0259si oyunlar say\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.

Bu i\u015fd\u0259 \u0259n \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli n\u00f6qt\u0259 T\u00fcrk \u0259sg\u0259rl\u0259rinin \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259tinin atl\u0131 olmas\u0131 idi. \u00c7inlil\u0259r T\u00fcrkl\u0259rin istedadlar\u0131n\u0131 atlara s\u00f6yl\u0259y\u0259 bilm\u0259zl\u0259r. \u00c7inlil\u0259r t\u00fcrk \u0259sg\u0259rl\u0259rinin at \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rdikl\u0259ri \u015f\u00fcca\u0259tl\u0259ri heyr\u0259tl\u0259 anladarlar.

N\u0259tic\u0259 olaraq, biz xarizmatik lider \u0259traf\u0131nda birl\u0259\u015f\u0259r\u0259k ordu-mill\u0259t hal\u0131nda qurulan t\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rinin d\u00f6vr\u00fcn \u0259n g\u00fccl\u00fc h\u0259rbi q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n biri olaraq ortaya \u00e7\u0131xmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fck. T\u00fcrk tarixinin h\u0259r bir s\u0259hif\u0259si ordu-mill\u0259t-xaqan r\u0259vay\u0259tl\u0259ri il\u0259 doludur.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

OLCAY CAN KAPLAN 1. Xarizmatik lider \/ T\u0259k ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131 Ergenekon \u0259fsan\u0259sini e\u015fitm\u0259y\u0259n yoxdur. D\u0259mir da\u011f\u0131 \u0259rid\u0259n T\u00fcrk q\u00f6vm\u00fcn\u00fcn bir qurdun r\u0259hb\u0259rliyind\u0259 tarix s\u0259hn\u0259sin\u0259 yenid\u0259n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":40761,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-40756","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tarix"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40756","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=40756"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40756\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":40762,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40756\/revisions\/40762"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/40761"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=40756"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=40756"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=40756"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}