{"id":42540,"date":"2021-07-11T03:22:30","date_gmt":"2021-07-10T23:22:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=42540"},"modified":"2021-07-11T03:22:35","modified_gmt":"2021-07-10T23:22:35","slug":"agaoglunun-paris-yazilarinda-iran-movzusu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=42540","title":{"rendered":"A\u011fao\u011flunun Paris yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda \u0130ran m\u00f6vzusu"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u00c7evir\u0259n: Natiq B\u0259\u015firli<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parisd\u0259 oldu\u011fu ill\u0259rd\u0259 A\u011fao\u011flunun mara\u011f\u0131 \u0130ran \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 y\u00f6n\u0259lmi\u015fdi. M\u00fcxt\u0259lif m\u0259tbuat orqanlar\u0131nda \u0130ran toplumu haqq\u0131nda ard\u0131c\u0131l m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259r q\u0259l\u0259m\u0259 alm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. \u0130lk yaz\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri, m\u00fc\u0259llimi Darmesteterin, q\u0259dim \u0130ran\u0131n m\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s kitab\u0131  Zend-Avestan\u0131n  frans\u0131zcaya t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259si il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Onun \u0130rana olan mara\u011f\u0131n\u0131n akademik \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259nin h\u00fcdudlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u0130ranl\u0131l\u0131q \u015f\u00fcurunun qabard\u0131lmas\u0131na xidm\u0259t etdiyi ifad\u0259 edilm\u0259kd\u0259ydi. Georgeonun  vur\u011fulad\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 A\u011fao\u011flu yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn \u0130ranl\u0131 kimliyini qeyd etm\u0259yi d\u0259 unutmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131. O, Fars kimliyini, Osmanl\u0131-T\u00fcrk v\u0259 \u018fr\u0259b-\u0130slam kimliyiyl\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259d\u0259 daha \u00fcst\u00fcn bir m\u0259qama qoydu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u0259kd\u0259dir. Bir ba\u015fqa deyi\u015fl\u0259 Fransada oldu\u011fu d\u00f6n\u0259md\u0259 T\u00fcrk milliyy\u0259t\u00e7iliyin\u0259 he\u00e7bir \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 yax\u0131nl\u0131q duymad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaqdad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkl\u0259ri, \u0130slamiyy\u0259ti degenerasiya etm\u0259kd\u0259, h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irdikl\u0259ri i\u015f\u011fal\u00e7\u0131l\u0131qlarla \u0130ran \u0259leyhin\u0259 ba\u015f ver\u0259n hadis\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 m\u00fcq\u0259ssir tutmaqda v\u0259 onlardan, \u201cM\u00fcs\u0259lman d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na ke\u00e7dikl\u0259ri zaman h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 barbar olan bir q\u00f6vm\u201d[1]<\/a> olaraq b\u0259hs etm\u0259kd\u0259dir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u018fslind\u0259 bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259l\u0259r biz\u0259 yad deyildi. A\u011fao\u011flunun m\u00fc\u0259llimi Renan da, T\u00fcrkl\u0259rin \u00f6zl\u0259rin\u0259 xas, y\u00fcks\u0259k bir sivilizasiya yaratmaq bacar\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan m\u0259hrum, \u00fcst\u0259likd\u0259 tarixd\u0259 daima \u00f6zl\u0259rind\u0259n \u00fcst\u00fcn sivilizasiyalar\u0131 da\u011f\u0131dan bir irq oldu\u011fu iddias\u0131n\u0131 olduqca g\u00fccl\u00fc d\u0259lill\u0259rl\u0259 ortaya qoya bil\u0259c\u0259yini ifad\u0259 etmi\u015fdir.[2]<\/a> H\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259n, Parisd\u0259 oldu\u011fu ill\u0259rd\u0259 A\u011fao\u011flunun T\u00fcrkl\u00fckl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 q\u0259r\u0259zli fikirl\u0259rinin (b\u0259lk\u0259 d\u0259 bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259l\u0259r m\u00fc\u0259llimind\u0259n qaynaqlan\u0131r) onun d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259 v\u0259 kimliyinin t\u0259m\u0259lini t\u0259\u015fkil etdiyi vur\u011fulanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ayd\u0131n oldu\u011fu kimi T\u00fcrk milliyy\u0259t\u00e7iliyi Paris ill\u0259rind\u0259n A\u011fao\u011flunun d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259sinin \u0259sas \u00fcns\u00fcrl\u0259rind\u0259n biri olmaqdan xeyli uzaqd\u0131r. Onun \u0259sl mara\u011f\u0131 \u0130slamiyy\u0259td\u0259n \u0259vv\u0259lki \u0130ran inanclar\u0131 \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 fokuslanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. \u018fn\u0259n\u0259vi \u0130ran kimliyinin \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fc m\u0259nims\u0259y\u0259n A\u011fao\u011flunun milliy\u0259t\u00e7iliy\u0259 yax\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 bu t\u0259m\u0259l \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 ir\u0259ll\u0259yi\u015f g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259c\u0259kdi. A\u011fao\u011flu, \u0130ran t\u0259sir dair\u0259sind\u0259n k\u0259narda v\u0259 Rus suverenliyi ortam\u0131nda bir b\u00f6lg\u0259d\u0259 do\u011fulub yeti\u015fmi\u015f olmas\u0131na baxmayaraq \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc \u0130ran kimliyin\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 hissetm\u0259kd\u0259ydi. Georgeon bu v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti \u201c\u0130ranizm\u201din bir \u0259lam\u0259ti olaraq q\u0259bul etmekd\u0259dir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u011fao\u011flu \u0130ranla ba\u011fl\u0131 yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda m\u0259qs\u0259dinin, Avropal\u0131lar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n laz\u0131m\u0131 q\u0259d\u0259r tan\u0131nmayan, \u0259ksik bilgid\u0259n qaynaqlanan q\u0259r\u0259zli fikirl\u0259rin dominant oldu\u011fu bir sah\u0259d\u0259, \u0130ran toplumu haqq\u0131nda sa\u011flam v\u0259 ilk \u0259ld\u0259n m\u0259lumatlar verm\u0259k, bel\u0259c\u0259 geni\u015f yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f m\u0259nfi m\u00fchakim\u0259l\u0259rin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u0259 ke\u00e7m\u0259k oldu\u011funu vur\u011fulamaqdad\u0131r.[3]<\/a> Bu m\u0259qs\u0259din mahiyy\u0259ti ancaq yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259zmunundan yola \u00e7\u0131xaraq ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u0259 bil\u0259r. \u0130lk \u00f6nc\u0259 A\u011fao\u011flu \u0130ran toplumunu tan\u0131tma misiyas\u0131n\u0131 kim olaraq v\u0259 n\u0259c\u0259 m\u0259nsubluqla \u00fcstl\u0259nmi\u015fdir? Frans\u0131z d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259sin\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan \u015ei\u0259 \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n uzaql\u0131\u011f\u0131, onun \u0130rana g\u00fccl\u00fc bir aidiyy\u0259t duy\u011fusuyla ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu m\u00f6vzusunda \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259 do\u011furmaqdad\u0131r. Qafqazl\u0131 kimliyini deyil d\u0259, yeti\u015fdiyi ill\u0259rd\u0259 he\u00e7bir \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 m\u0259nims\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 yana\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130ranl\u0131 kimliyini \u00f6n\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xarm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 da s\u00f6z\u00fc ged\u0259n \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259ni g\u00fccl\u0259ndirir. Ba\u015fqa bir t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n, yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda h\u0259r n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r \u0130ranl\u0131 kimliyi \u00f6n\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131rsa bel\u0259 bu d\u00f6n\u0259md\u0259 milliyy\u0259t d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259si onun d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn m\u0259rk\u0259zind\u0259 yer almaqdad\u0131r. Parisd\u0259 akademik \u0259traf i\u00e7ind\u0259 m\u0259nims\u0259diyi oriyentalist bax\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 il\u0259 \u0130ran toplumuna yax\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015f, Avropa ya\u015fam t\u0259rziyl\u0259 \u015e\u0259rqli ya\u015fam t\u0259rzini m\u00fcqayis\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k Q\u0259rb sivilizasiyas\u0131 lehin\u0259 b\u0259zi n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7atma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda \u0130ran toplumunun b\u0259zi m\u0259nfi \u00f6z\u0259llikl\u0259rini \u00f6n\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xarmaqdan da \u00e7\u0259kinm\u0259mi\u015fdir. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n \u0130ran \u015fah\u0131n\u0131n Fransaya r\u0259smi ziyar\u0259ti zaman\u0131 m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259l\u0259ri q\u0259rib\u0259dir. \u0130ki \u00f6lk\u0259 idar\u0259\u00e7il\u0259rini m\u00fcqayis\u0259 etmi\u015fdir. \u015eah N\u0259sr\u0259ddind\u0259n g\u00f6st\u0259ri\u015fli, kibirli, despot bir \u015e\u0259rqli, Frans\u0131z r\u0259hb\u0259ri Carnotdan is\u0259 azad bir \u00f6lk\u0259nin sad\u0259, \u00f6zg\u00fcv\u0259nli bir t\u0259msil\u00e7isi olaraq b\u0259hs etm\u0259kd\u0259dir.[4]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu ill\u0259rd\u0259 yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 A\u011fao\u011flu, \u015f\u0259rq toplumlar\u0131nda f\u0259rdin inki\u015faf etm\u0259mi\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nd\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259n bir \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f s\u0259b\u0259bi olaraq g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259kd\u0259dir. \u0130ran v\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259nin despot rejiml\u0259rl\u0259 idar\u0259 edildiyini, f\u0259rdl\u0259rin z\u0259if saxlan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015f\u0259rhini verm\u0259kd\u0259dir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u0130ranizm\u201d\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu iddia edil\u0259n A\u011fao\u011flunun, yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda \u0130ran\u0131n m\u00fcst\u0259qil inki\u015faf\u0131na, \u00f6z kimliyini, varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 qorumas\u0131n\u0131n vacibliyin\u0259 diqq\u0259t \u00e7\u0259km\u0259si g\u00f6zl\u0259nilirdi. Ancaq o tam t\u0259rsin\u0259 \u0130ran \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 b\u0259zi xarici d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin n\u00fcfuz qurmas\u0131na m\u00fcnasib \u015f\u0259rait oldu\u011funu m\u00fczakir\u0259 etmi\u015fdir. \u00d6rn\u0259k olaraq \u0130ran\u0131n yax\u0131n g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259yind\u0259 Rusiyan\u0131n n\u00fcfuz sahibi olmas\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 \u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259nin bu \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259n \u0259lini \u00e7\u0259km\u0259li oldu\u011funu m\u00fcdafi\u0259 etmi\u015fdir. Bir m\u0259qal\u0259sind\u0259 \u0130ran\u0131n Rusiya v\u0259 \u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n n\u00fcfuz b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 c\u0259hdl\u0259rini d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259ndirm\u0259kd\u0259dir. Ona g\u00f6r\u0259 \u0130randa Rusiyan\u0131n b\u0259xti \u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259yl\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259d\u0259 daha \u00e7oxdur. \u00c7\u00fcnki Ruslar co\u011frafi v\u0259 stratejik imkanlar\u0131n verdiyi \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u0259rd\u0259n yararlanaraq \u00f6lk\u0259nin \u00f6nd\u0259 ged\u0259n k\u0259siml\u0259rinin d\u0259st\u0259yini qazanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. \u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259nin b\u00f6lg\u0259d\u0259ki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 is\u0259 son d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259 t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259li oldu\u011funu vur\u011fulamaqdad\u0131r.[5]<\/a> A\u011fao\u011flunun bu m\u00fcnasib\u0259tinin arxa plan\u0131, s\u00f6z\u00fc ged\u0259n d\u00f6vrd\u0259 Frans\u0259 il\u0259 Rusiyan\u0131n ikili ittifaq raz\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 haz\u0131rl\u0131qlar\u0131 i\u00e7ind\u0259 olduqlar\u0131 h\u0259qiq\u0259tini g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnd\u0259 getirdild\u0259 ayd\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa dovusur. Fransa il\u0259 Rusiyan\u0131n \u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259y\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 bir ittifaq axtar\u0131\u015f\u0131nda olduqlar\u0131 v\u0259 \u0130ran\u0131n m\u00fcst\u0259ml\u0259k\u00e7il\u0259rin r\u0259qab\u0259tinin \u0259sas m\u00f6vzu hal\u0131na g\u0259ldiyi bir d\u00f6vrd\u0259, ara\u015fd\u0131rmalar\u0131 Frans\u0131z akademik sferas\u0131nda  y\u00f6nl\u0259ndir\u0259n A\u011fao\u011flunun, \u0130randa Rus n\u00fcfuzunu \u0130ngilis n\u00fcfuzundan \u00fcst\u00fcn tutmu\u015f olmas\u0131 t\u0259\u0259cc\u00fcbl\u00fc deyildir\u015f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A\u011fao\u011flu \u0130ran toplumunun probleml\u0259rini m\u00fctl\u0259q siyasi terminl\u0259rl\u0259 ifad\u0259 etm\u0259mi\u015fdir. \u0130randa v\u0259 dig\u0259r \u015e\u0259rq \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 f\u0259rdin inki\u015faf etm\u0259sin\u0259 icaz\u0259 verm\u0259y\u0259n sosial struktura diqq\u0259t \u00e7\u0259km\u0259kd\u0259dir. Onun liberal f\u0259rdiy\u0259t\u00e7ilik m\u00fcdafi\u0259siyl\u0259, xarici m\u00fcdaxil\u0259sini m\u00fcdafi\u0259si aras\u0131ndak\u0131 ziddiyy\u0259t diqq\u0259t \u00e7\u0259kicidir. \u0130ran\u0131n Rus kontroluna t\u0259rkedilm\u0259sini qurtulu\u015f alternativi olaraq g\u00f6r\u0259n A\u011fao\u011flunun \u0130rana yurdsev\u0259rlik duy\u011fular\u0131yla ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u0259k \u0259lb\u0259tt\u0259 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyildir. Avtokratik bir g\u00fcc\u00fcn birba\u015fa m\u00fcdaxil\u0259sin\u0259 a\u00e7\u0131q olan bir \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 f\u0259rdin s\u0259rb\u0259st inki\u015faf\u0131n\u0131n nec\u0259 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn ola bil\u0259c\u0259yi is\u0259 ayr\u0131 bir m\u00fczakir\u0259 m\u00f6vzusudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u0259\u015f\u0259kk\u00fcl qayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Rus v\u0259 Frans\u0131z d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259si yaratm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na v\u0259 yaz\u0131lar\u0131 farsca yerin\u0259 rusca  v\u0259 frans\u0131zca q\u0259l\u0259m\u0259 almas\u0131na baxmayaraq, A\u011fao\u011flunun \u0130rana yax\u0131n maraq g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259si diqq\u0259t \u00e7\u0259kicidir. \u018fvv\u0259lc\u0259 onun \u0130rana mara\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tamamil\u0259 f\u0259rdi bir se\u00e7im olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 vur\u011fulanmal\u0131d\u0131r. A\u011fao\u011flunun \u0130rana yana\u015fma t\u0259rzi \u0130ran qar\u015f\u0131 \u00fcmumi Q\u0259rb mara\u011f\u0131n\u0131n x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tini t\u0259snif etm\u0259d\u0259n v\u0259 bu t\u0259snifat\u0131n hans\u0131 hallarda m\u0259na qazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ql\u0131\u011fa qovu\u015fmadan laz\u0131m\u0131 q\u0259d\u0259r anla\u015f\u0131la bilm\u0259z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oriyentalist (\u015f\u0259rq\u015f\u00fcnas) t\u0259dqiqatlarda \u0130ran\u0131n x\u00fcsusi yeri vard\u0131r. \u0130ran m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tinin qaynaqlar\u0131na y\u00f6n\u0259l\u0259n bu b\u00f6y\u00fck maraq, Fars kimliyini \u018fr\u0259b-\u0130slam kimliyind\u0259n f\u0259rql\u0259ndir\u0259n v\u0259 Fars m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tinin \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6n\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xaran bir yana\u015fma t\u0259rziyl\u0259 b\u0259sl\u0259nm\u0259kd\u0259dir. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n Gobineau \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259, \u018fr\u0259b q\u00f6vml\u0259rinin d\u0259rin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u0259 bacar\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan m\u0259hrum oldu\u011fu, buna qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131q Aryan irqin\u0259 m\u0259nsub \u0130ranl\u0131lar\u0131n \u0259d\u0259biyyat v\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259 sah\u0259sind\u0259 yarad\u0131c\u0131 \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259r \u0259rs\u0259y\u0259 getirdiyi tezisini i\u015fl\u0259mi\u015fdir. Renan kimi Frans\u0131z filoloq v\u0259 oriyentalistl\u0259ri d\u0259 bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc b\u00f6y\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcd\u0259 payla\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Farslar\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fc ifad\u0259 ed\u0259n bu yana\u015fma, \u0259slind\u0259, \u0130ran\u0131n yeni ax\u0131nlarda apar\u0131c\u0131 rol oynamaq h\u00fcququnu ifad\u0259 etm\u0259kd\u0259n uzaqd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259l\u0259ri t\u0259nqid ed\u0259n bir bax\u0131\u015f, oriyentalistl\u0259rin h\u0259qiq\u0259td\u0259 \u0130rana bel\u0259 bir rol y\u00fckl\u0259m\u0259dikl\u0259rini ortaya qoya bil\u0259r. Aryan n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259si, \u0130ran\u0131n \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 d\u0259 \u018fr\u0259b d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndan f\u0259rql\u0259ndirilm\u0259si yolundak\u0131 c\u0259hdl\u0259ri ideoloji c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n qanunil\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259sidir. A\u011fao\u011flunun da t\u0259dqiqatlar\u0131nda ox\u015far bir yana\u015fmadan istiqam\u0259tl\u0259ndiyi g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u0259kd\u0259dir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u011fao\u011flunun m\u00fc\u0259llimi Darmesteterin vasit\u0259si v\u0259 y\u00f6nl\u0259ndirm\u0259siyl\u0259 1892-ci ild\u0259 Londonda toplanan IX Beyn\u0259lxalq Oriyentalistl\u0259r Konqresine \u201c\u015ei\u0259 Dinind\u0259 M\u0259zd\u0259k\u00e7i \u0130nanclar\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131ql\u0131 t\u0259qdimatla qat\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.* Bu t\u0259qdimat\u0131n \u00f6n\u0259mi, beyn\u0259lxalq bir konqresd\u0259 b\u0259lk\u0259 d\u0259 ilk d\u0259f\u0259 \u015e\u0259rq k\u00f6k\u0259nli bir t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259nin oriyentalist bax\u0131\u015f\u0131yla \u0130ran tarixin\u0259 v\u0259 \u015ei\u0259liy\u0259 yana\u015fmas\u0131ndan ir\u0259li g\u0259lm\u0259kd\u0259dir. Ba\u015fqa bir yandan bu t\u0259qdimat, onun \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc hans\u0131 ictimai kimliy\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 hissetdiyi haqq\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131q bir i\u015far\u0259 verm\u0259s\u0259 bel\u0259, \u0259n az\u0131ndan zehni maraqlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0259rgil\u0259m\u0259si bax\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6n\u0259mlidir. Bu t\u0259dqiqat\u0131nda A\u011fao\u011flu \u015ei\u0259lik v\u0259 \u0130ran toplumuna oriyentalizmin probleml\u0259ri \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7\u0259v\u0259sind\u0259, m\u00f6vzusunu k\u0259nardan \u015f\u0259rh ver\u0259n bir m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259\u00e7i g\u00f6z\u00fc il\u0259 yana\u015fm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. M\u0259qs\u0259dinin o g\u00fcn\u0259 d\u0259k \u0130slam aliml\u0259rinin diqq\u0259tini c\u0259lb etm\u0259y\u0259n \u015fi\u0259liyin sosial qaynaqlar\u0131n\u0131n  problemini ayd\u0131nla\u015fd\u0131rmaqd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u0259qdimat\u0131nda fikirl\u0259ri, \u0130randa \u0130slamiyy\u0259t il\u0259 Z\u0259rd\u00fc\u015ft insanclar\u0131n\u0131n birbiri i\u00e7ind\u0259 \u0259riyib uzla\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259sin\u0259 \u0259saslanmaqdad\u0131r. Burada m\u0259qs\u0259dinin \u0130slamiyy\u0259t il\u0259 \u0130ran kimliyini birl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259k olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaqdad\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnki \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259 \u015ei\u0259liyin \u0130slam \u00f6nc\u0259si qaynaqlar\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015fd\u0131rma\u011fa, \u0130ran\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc formala\u015fd\u0131ran Z\u0259rd\u00fc\u015ft inanclar\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259y\u0259, \u015ei\u0259likl\u0259 q\u0259dim \u0130ran dini aras\u0131nda davaml\u0131l\u0131q m\u00fcnasib\u0259ti quraraq \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi \u0130ran kimliyinin milli y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc do\u011frulama\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. \u015ei\u0259liyin \u201cm\u00fcst\u0259qil v\u0259 milli bir din\u201d oldu\u011fu v\u0259 Fars kimliyinin \u018fr\u0259b kimliyind\u0259n t\u0259m\u0259ld\u0259n f\u0259rql\u0259ndiyi tezisi \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 t\u0259kidl\u0259 dayanmaqdad\u0131r.[6]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015ei\u0259liyin qaynaqlar\u0131 problemi \u0130slam teologiyas\u0131nda deyil, daha \u00e7ox oriyentalizmin bir problemi olaraq qabard\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. A\u011fao\u011flu da oriyentalist terminologiya il\u0259 m\u00f6vzuya yana\u015fm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. \u015ei\u0259liyin qayna\u011f\u0131ndak\u0131 M\u0259zd\u0259k\u00e7i inanclar m\u00f6vzusundak\u0131 m\u0259lumat\u0131nda, \u015ei\u0259liyin sadec\u0259 b\u0259zi siyasi iddia v\u0259 t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259rin da\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olan bir fraksiya olaraq q\u0259bul edilm\u0259m\u0259si g\u0259r\u0259kdiyini m\u00fcdafi\u0259 etm\u0259kd\u0259dir. Ona g\u00f6r\u0259 \u015ei\u0259lik, m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n bir ictimai z\u0259min \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259l\u0259n, \u00f6z\u0259l v\u0259 ictimai sah\u0259y\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 norma v\u0259 \u00f6hd\u0259likl\u0259ri t\u0259\u015fkil ed\u0259n b\u00fct\u00f6v bir m\u0259n\u0259vi bir sistemdir. H\u0259r \u015ei\u0259 \u0130ranl\u0131d\u0131r. Eyni \u015f\u0259kild\u0259, bir \u0130ranl\u0131 kimlik olaraq \u015ei\u0259lik, \u0130ran\u0131n \u0130slam \u00f6nc\u0259si ke\u00e7mi\u015fin\u0259 aid \u00fcns\u00fcrl\u0259rini davaml\u0131l\u0131q t\u0259l\u0259b ed\u0259n cisiml\u0259\u015fm\u0259sidir. A\u011fao\u011flu buna \u0259saslanaraq, h\u0259r \u015ei\u0259nin \u0130ran\u0131n ke\u00e7mi\u015fini bir olaraq m\u0259nims\u0259m\u0259sinin vacib oldu\u011funun q\u0259na\u0259tin\u0259 g\u0259lmi\u015fdir. Bu halda \u015ei\u0259liyi \u00fcmumb\u0259\u015f\u0259ri prinsipl\u0259r ehtiva etm\u0259y\u0259n, yeni \u00fcmm\u0259t \u015f\u00fcuru t\u0259lqin etm\u0259kd\u0259n qa\u00e7\u0131nan \u201cmilli bir din\u201d olaraq t\u0259qdim etm\u0259kd\u0259dir. \u015ei\u0259lik \u0130ran\u0131n milli ad\u0259t-\u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259riyl\u0259, y\u0259ni M\u0259zd\u0259k\u00e7ilikl\u0259 \u0130slamiyy\u0259tin uzla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259hsuludur. \u201c\u015ei\u0259lik, \u0130ran milli ruhunun v\u0259 ke\u00e7mi\u015finin bir sintezidir.\u201d[7]<\/a> Bu m\u0259hdud kimliy\u0259 r\u0259\u011fm\u0259n \u0130ran, A\u011fao\u011flunun g\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00f6n\u0259mli m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259rind\u0259n bir olaraq q\u0259bul edilm\u0259kd\u0259dir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yana\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulamaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn b\u0259zi s\u00fcbutlar ir\u0259li s\u00fcr\u0259n A\u011fao\u011flu, \u018fr\u0259bl\u0259rin liderliyind\u0259ki \u0130slamiyy\u0259tin deyi\u015fdirici roluna r\u0259\u011fm\u0259n, \u0130ran\u0131n y\u00fczl\u0259rc\u0259 illik ke\u00e7mi\u015find\u0259n bir anda imtina etm\u0259diyini, n\u0259 z\u0259ngin d\u00f6vl\u0259t t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259sini n\u0259 d\u0259 mifologiya-dini \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rini b\u00fcsb\u00fct\u00fcn t\u0259rk ed\u0259bilm\u0259diyini vur\u011fulamaqdad\u0131r. Ona g\u00f6r\u0259 \u0130ran\u0131n \u201cyad bir q\u00f6vm\u00fcn yeni inanc\u0131na \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u0259 t\u0259slim etm\u0259si\u201d m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyildi.[8]<\/a>A\u011fao\u011flunun \u0130slamdan \u0259vv\u0259l \u0130ran-\u0259r\u0259b ziddiyy\u0259tl\u0259rinin izah\u0131nda hardasa ke\u00e7\u0259ri olsa da, \u015fi\u0259liyin f\u0259rql\u0259ndirilm\u0259sin\u0259 dair izahat kifay\u0259t deyil. \u015ei\u015firtm\u0259, onun \u015ei\u0259liyi bir \u0130slam m\u0259zh\u0259bind\u0259n daha \u00e7ox, \u201cm\u00fcst\u0259qil, milli bir din\u201d \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259k s\u0259yl\u0259ri il\u0259 ortaya \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r. Halbuki, \u015ei\u0259liyin \u0130ran\u0131n \u201cmilli dini\u201d oldu\u011fu m\u00fcbahis\u0259li m\u00fchakim\u0259dir. \u015ei\u0259liyi, b\u00fct\u00fcn \u0130rana xas v\u0259 q\u0259dim \u0130ran tarixi \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rinin konkretl\u0259\u015fdirildiyi bir \u201cdin\u201d g\u00f6z\u00fcyl\u0259 baxmaq do\u011fru olmayacaqd\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca vur\u011fulanmal\u0131d\u0131r ki, \u015ei\u0259liyin \u0130ran\u0131n r\u0259smi kimliyi olaraq tarixi f\u0259rqlil\u0259\u015fm\u0259si A\u011fao\u011flunun b\u0259hs etdiyi d\u00f6vrd\u0259n daha gec bir d\u00f6vrd\u0259 v\u0259 f\u0259rqli s\u0259b\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7mi\u015fdir. A\u011fao\u011flu, \u0130randa \u015ei\u0259liyin r\u0259smi din hal\u0131na g\u0259tirilm\u0259sinin, Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n xilaf\u0259ti \u00fcstl\u0259ndiyi d\u00f6vr\u0259 uy\u011fun g\u0259ldiyi h\u0259qiq\u0259tin\u0259 toxunmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r bel\u0259.**<\/sup> Ayr\u0131ca \u015ei\u0259liyin yaranma s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259ri v\u0259 inki\u015faf istiqam\u0259ti bax\u0131m\u0131ndan yaln\u0131zca \u0130rana xas v\u0259 \u0130ran\u0131n \u00f6z\u0259l \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259rinin yaratd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir m\u0259hsul deyildir. B\u0259zi qaynaqlarda vur\u011fuland\u0131\u011f\u0131 kimi ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131cda \u015ei\u0259liyin \u0259sl meydana g\u0259lm\u0259sinin \u0130ran k\u0259nar\u0131nda, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 \u018fr\u0259bistanda v\u0259 Misird\u0259 ortaya \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 \u0130rana \u018fr\u0259bl\u0259r vasit\u0259siyl\u0259 n\u00fcfuz etdiyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcls\u0259[9]<\/a>, s\u00f6z\u00fc ged\u0259n m\u0259zh\u0259bin \u0130ran\u0131n m\u00fctl\u0259q \u00f6z\u0259l ictimai \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259riyl\u0259 a\u00e7\u0131qlanmayaca\u011f\u0131 \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259sizdir. \u015ei\u0259liyin \u0130ran kimliyin\u0259 aid edil\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259k bir din oldu\u011fu iddias\u0131 m\u00fcbahis\u0259li bir iddiad\u0131r.[10]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A\u011fao\u011flu M\u0259zd\u0259ki inanc v\u0259 qurumlar\u0131n\u0131 \u015ei\u0259liyin k\u00f6kl\u0259rinin ayd\u0131nla\u015fd\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259m\u0259l h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t n\u00f6qt\u0259si se\u00e7mi\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u0259kt\u0259dir. \u015ei\u0259 m\u0259rasiml\u0259rinin (Novruz), \u015ei\u0259 qurum v\u0259 simvollar\u0131n\u0131n (imam, mehdi, at\u0259\u015f, q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 r\u0259ngli paltarlar) tarixi k\u00f6kl\u0259rinin ara\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda tez-tez \u0130ran\u0131n Z\u0259rd\u00fc\u015ft ke\u00e7mi\u015fin\u0259 \u0259saslanmaqdad\u0131r. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n \u015ei\u0259likd\u0259 m\u00fchdi inanc\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 imaml\u0131q qurumunun \u00f6n\u0259min\u0259 diqq\u0259t \u00e7\u0259km\u0259kt\u0259 v\u0259 bunlar\u0131n Z\u0259rd\u00fc\u015ft k\u00f6k\u0259nini vur\u011fulamaqdad\u0131r. Bu m\u00f6vzular, \u018fr\u0259b v\u0259 Osmanl\u0131 qurumsal qrupla\u015fma modell\u0259riyl\u0259, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n xilaf\u0259t qurumuyla t\u0259m\u0259l bir ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 vur\u011fulamaq \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 se\u00e7ilmi\u015f kimidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u011fao\u011flu \u0130slamiyy\u0259tin do\u011fdu\u011fu \u00e7a\u011fda \u0130ran il\u0259 \u018fr\u0259bistan\u0131n v\u0259ziyy\u0259tl\u0259rini m\u00fcqayis\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k, \u018fr\u0259bl\u0259rin \u0130slamiyy\u0259t vasit\u0259siyl\u0259 m\u00fcst\u0259sna bir n\u00fcfuz qazanmalar\u0131 qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, \u0130ran\u0131n bu dini \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcnk\u00fcle\u015fdirm\u0259k kimliyiyl\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259kd\u0259dir. A\u011fao\u011fluna g\u00f6r\u0259 \u015ei\u0259lik, \u0130slamiyy\u0259tin liderliyi v\u0259zif\u0259sini \u00f6hd\u0259sin\u0259 g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u0259n \u018fr\u0259bl\u0259rin yeni d\u00f6vrd\u0259 \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irdikl\u0259ri \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fcy\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131q \u0130ran\u0131n bir n\u00f6v t\u0259bii m\u00fcdafi\u0259 refleksinin m\u0259hsuludur. H\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259n, g\u00fccl\u00fc bir d\u00f6vl\u0259t \u0259n\u0259n\u0259si sahib olan \u0130ran\u0131n, \u018fr\u0259b n\u00fcfuzuna qar\u015f\u0131 g\u0259lm\u0259k v\u0259 \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi m\u00f6vqeyini qorumaq m\u0259qs\u0259diyl\u0259 (tamamil\u0259 siyasi s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rl\u0259) f\u0259rqli bir din sferas\u0131n\u0131 formala\u015fd\u0131rma\u011fa giri\u015fdiyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u0259 bil\u0259r. Ancaq S\u00fcnni \u0130slamdan f\u0259rqlil\u0259\u015fm\u0259, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n xilaf\u0259ti \u00fcstl\u0259ndiyi d\u00f6vrd\u0259 \u0130randa \u015ei\u0259liyin r\u0259smi d\u00f6vl\u0259t dini hal\u0131na g\u0259lm\u0259siyl\u0259 konkretlik qazanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, \u0130randa f\u0259rqli dini t\u0259\u015fkilatlanma modelinin inki\u015faf\u0131 t\u0259sad\u00fcfi deyildir. \u0130randa xilaf\u0259t qurumuna qar\u015f\u0131 imaml\u0131q qurumu \u00fcl\u0259maya qar\u015f\u0131 axund \u00f6n\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xacaqd\u0131r. A\u011fao\u011flu da bu f\u0259rqliliyi vur\u011fulmaqda v\u0259 inki\u015faf\u0131nda \u0259sas \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259rin (Salman-\u0131 Pak vd.) oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 rolun \u00f6n\u0259min\u0259 diqq\u0259t \u00e7\u0259km\u0259kd\u0259dir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u011fao\u011flunun \u0130slam \u00f6nc\u0259si Fars inanclar\u0131na y\u00f6n\u0259lmi\u015f g\u00fccl\u00fc maraq duy\u011fusuna v\u0259 simpatiyas\u0131na, \u018fr\u0259bl\u0259r\u0259 (v\u0259 T\u00fcrkl\u0259r\u0259) qar\u015f\u0131 b\u0259sl\u0259diyi antipaiya duy\u011fular\u0131 \u0259v\u0259z etm\u0259kd\u0259dir. Bu s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259 yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131qla Fars-\u018fr\u0259b ziddiyy\u0259tini i\u015fl\u0259mi\u015f, \u0130ran m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tinin \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 xas x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 durmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu d\u00f6n\u0259md\u0259 A\u011fao\u011flu T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc bax\u0131\u015fdan m\u0259hrumdur v\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn diqq\u0259tini, bel\u0259 dem\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcns\u0259 bir safl\u0131q v\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259zlikl\u0259 \u0130ran kimliyinin ucald\u0131lmas\u0131na fokuslanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259 h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259ki T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259sind\u0259 is\u0259 o, Fars toplumunun v\u0259 \u0130randak\u0131 T\u00fcrk d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rinin m\u0259nfi \u00f6z\u0259llikl\u0259rini***<\/sup> s\u0259rgil\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131q ver\u0259c\u0259kdir. Bir yandan T\u00fcrkl\u0259rin \u0130ran tarixind\u0259ki \u00f6n\u0259mli rollar\u0131na toxunacaq, ba\u015fqa bir yandan T\u00fcrkl\u0259rin Farsla\u015faraq \u00f6z kimlikl\u0259rind\u0259n uzaqla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259nfi n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n b\u0259hs ed\u0259c\u0259kdir.[11]<\/a> A\u011fao\u011flunun intellektual, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259ri n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7arpacaq \u015f\u0259kild\u0259dir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu \u00fcm\u00fcmi \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259 i\u00e7ind\u0259 A\u011fao\u011flunun Parisd\u0259 oldu\u011fu ill\u0259rd\u0259 \u201c\u0130ranizm\u201din h\u0259qiqi m\u0259nas\u0131n\u0131 tapmaqdad\u0131r. Oriyentalist qanunlar\u0131 i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259 bir alt f\u0259nn olaraq q\u0259bul edilm\u0259si m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan\u201c\u0130ranizm\u201d, onun \u0130rana bir m\u0259nsubluq \u015f\u00fcuruyla ba\u011fl\u0131 olmas\u0131ndan ba\u015fqa, b\u0259zi \u00f6z\u0259l siyasi \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u0259r\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ndiril\u0259 bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Notlar:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

* Orijinal\u0131 Frans\u0131zca olan bu m\u0259tnin t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259si yazar\u0131 A\u011fao\u011flu ve Rol De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi adl\u0131 kitab\u0131n\u0131n birinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn sonunda verilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

** \u0130randa \u015ei\u0259liyin r\u0259smi d\u00f6vlet m\u0259zh\u0259bi hal\u0131na g\u0259tirilm\u0259si gec bir d\u00f6n\u0259md\u0259 rastlanmaqdad\u0131r. Bunun siyasi s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259ri m\u00f6vcuddur. Xilaf\u0259tin Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n \u0259lin\u0259 ke\u00e7m\u0259si v\u0259 Osmanl\u0131 D\u00f6vl\u0259tinin S\u00fcnniliyi d\u00f6vl\u0259t m\u0259zh\u0259bi hal\u0131na getir\u0259r\u0259k \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda \u00f6n\u0259mli bir g\u00fcc qazanmas\u0131 qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, \u0130ran f\u0259rqli bir kimlik v\u0259 t\u0259\u015fkilatlanma\u011f\u0131, y\u0259ni \u015ei\u0259lik v\u0259 imam qurumunu \u00f6n\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xaracaqd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*** D\u00f6vl\u0259tin q\u0259bil\u0259l\u0259r konfederasiya \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 t\u0259\u015fkilatlanmas\u0131, m\u0259rk\u0259zil\u0259\u015fm\u0259m\u0259si v\u0259 millil\u0259\u015fm\u0259m\u0259si, s\u0259b\u0259biyl\u0259 siyasi qeyri-sabitliyin davaml\u0131 hal almas\u0131, Fars m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tinin T\u00fcrk kimliyi \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 y\u0131x\u0131c\u0131 t\u0259sirl\u0259ri vs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Bkz. Georgeon, a.g.m., s. 8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> T\u00fcrk Tarihinin Ana Hatlar\u0131<\/em>, Methal K\u0131sm\u0131<\/em>, \u0130stanbul, 1931, s. 70.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Georgeon, a.g.m., s. 8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> Ak\u00e7urao\u011flu Yusuf, a.g.e., s. 424.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Aktaran Georgeon, a.g.m., s. 9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Ahmed-Bey Agaeff, \u201cLes croyances mazd\u00e9ennes dans la religion chi\u00eete\u201d, Transactions of the Ninth International Congress of Orientalists (London, 1892)<\/em>, vol. II, Kraus Reprint, 1968, ss. 505-14.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> a.g.m., s. 505-6.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> a.g.m., s. 507.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> \u201c\u015ei\u0259lik<\/em> ile \u0130ranl\u0131l\u0131q aras\u0131nda n\u0259 eynilik, n\u0259 d\u0259 bir s\u0259b\u0259b-n\u0259tic\u0259 m\u00fcnasib\u0259ti vard\u0131r.<\/em>\u201d Hilmi Ziya \u00dclken, \u0130sl\u00e2m D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259si<\/em>, T\u00fcrk D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259si Tarixi Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131na Giri\u015f<\/em>, \u0130stanbul, 1995, s. 82-5, 89.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a>  Oriyentalistl\u0259r v\u0259 \u015e\u0259rq k\u00f6k\u0259nli t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n \u0130ran kimliyinin k\u00f6kl\u0259ri Hindu dinind\u0259 v\u0259 ya yeni-Platon\u00e7uluqda da aranm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. BKZ. Muhammed \u0130kbal, \u0130slam F\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259si Tarixin\u0259 Bir Qatq\u0131, (\u0130randa Metafizik Elml\u0259rin T\u0259kam\u00fcl\u00fc), \u0130nsan Yay., \u0130stanbul, 1995, s. 77-81. T\u0259k y\u00f6nl\u00fc s\u0259b\u0259biyy\u0259t aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259hsulu olan bu tezisl\u0259r, \u0130ran d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259sinin islamiyy\u0259t sonras\u0131 inki\u015faf\u0131nda t\u0259sirli olan ictimai t\u0259sril\u0259rin g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etm\u0259kt\u0259dir. \u0130ran m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tinin qaynaqlar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0259\u015ff etm\u0259 s\u0259yl\u0259rind\u0259 f\u0259rqli s\u0259b\u0259b ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 qurmaq \u0259lb\u0259tt\u0259 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr, ancaq \u015f\u00fcuru t\u0259sirl\u0259rin ictimai qaynaqlar\u0131 ehmal edildikd\u0259 bu s\u0259y, m\u0259nas\u0131z bir ara\u015fd\u0131rmaya d\u00f6n\u0259 bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Ahmet A\u011fao\u011flu, \u0130ran ve \u0130nk\u0131lab\u0131<\/em>, Ankara, 1941, s. 11-3; A\u011fao\u011flu Ahmet, 1500 \u0130le 1900 Aras\u0131nda \u0130ran<\/em>, Ankara, 1934, s. 6-8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u0259tn bu kitabdan al\u0131nm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ufuk \u00d6zcan, Y\u00fczy\u0131l D\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcnde Bat\u0131c\u0131 Bir Ayd\u0131n: Ahmet A\u011fao\u011flu ve Rol De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi, Sosyoloji Y\u0131ll\u0131\u011f\u0131: 19, Kitabevi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2010.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00c7evir\u0259n: Natiq B\u0259\u015firli Parisd\u0259 oldu\u011fu ill\u0259rd\u0259 A\u011fao\u011flunun mara\u011f\u0131 \u0130ran \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 y\u00f6n\u0259lmi\u015fdi. M\u00fcxt\u0259lif m\u0259tbuat orqanlar\u0131nda \u0130ran toplumu haqq\u0131nda ard\u0131c\u0131l m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259r q\u0259l\u0259m\u0259 alm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. \u0130lk yaz\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri,<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":42543,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-42540","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tarix"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42540","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=42540"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42540\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":42544,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42540\/revisions\/42544"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/42543"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=42540"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=42540"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=42540"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}