{"id":43436,"date":"2021-07-21T01:19:17","date_gmt":"2021-07-20T21:19:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=43436"},"modified":"2021-07-21T01:20:58","modified_gmt":"2021-07-20T21:20:58","slug":"i-s%c9%99f%c9%99vi-rusiya-muharib%c9%99si-qizilbaslar-simali-qafqazda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=43436","title":{"rendered":"I S\u018fF\u018fV\u0130\u2013RUS\u0130YA M\u00dcHAR\u0130B\u018fS\u0130: QIZILBA\u015eLAR \u015e\u0130MAL\u0130 QAFQAZDA"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Rusiya\u2013\u0130ran m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n dan\u0131\u015fark\u0259n yada I Pyotrun X\u0259z\u0259ryan\u0131 vilay\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, G\u00fcl\u00fcstan v\u0259 T\u00fcrkm\u0259n\u00e7ay m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259ri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Halbuki bu iki m\u0259kan aras\u0131nda m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rin tarixi \u0259n az\u0131 e.\u0259. VII \u0259srd\u0259n \u2013 skifl\u0259rin Midiyaya y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015fl\u0259ri d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259n ba\u015flay\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1613-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Rusiya Romanovlar\u0131n hakimiyy\u0259ti alt\u0131nda birl\u0259\u015fdirildi. XVII \u0259srin birinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda \u015eimali Qafqazdak\u0131 Terki qalas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259traf\u0131na xeyli rus v\u0259 erm\u0259ni k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc, Sunja \u00e7ay\u0131n\u0131n yax\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda g\u00fccl\u00fc istehkam quruldu. 1637-ci ild\u0259 \u00e7ar h\u00f6kum\u0259ti S\u0259f\u0259vil\u0259rin Da\u011f\u0131stan valisi olan Tarki \u015famxal\u0131n\u0131 birt\u0259r\u0259fli qaydada, onunla raz\u0131la\u015fd\u0131rmadan \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn \u201cxolop\u201du (vassal\u0131) elan etdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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S\u00f6zs\u00fcz ki, b\u00fct\u00fcn bu i\u015fl\u0259rin \u0259sas m\u0259qs\u0259di \u015eimali Qafqaza h\u0259rbi ekspansiya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259lveri\u015fli \u015f\u0259rait yaratmaq idi. Dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n is\u0259, \u00e7ar m\u0259murlar\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259lbir olan kazaklar\u0131n quldur basq\u0131nlar\u0131 s\u0259ngimirdi. 1650-ci ild\u0259 onlar \u015eirvan v\u0259 Da\u011f\u0131stan tacirl\u0259rinin Kabardaya ged\u0259n karvan\u0131n\u0131 qar\u0259t etdil\u0259r. S\u0259f\u0259vil\u0259rin \u015eirvan valisi Xosrov xan rus voyevodas\u0131na yaz\u0131rd\u0131: \u201c\u00e7ar h\u00f6kum\u0259ti tacirl\u0259r\u0259 d\u0259ymi\u015f z\u0259r\u0259rin \u0259v\u0259zini \u00f6d\u0259m\u0259s\u0259, Terki v\u0259 H\u0259\u015ft\u0259rxan \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rini qara torpaqla bir ed\u0259c\u0259y\u0259m\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u0259f\u0259vi h\u00f6kum\u0259tinin x\u0259b\u0259rdarl\u0131qlar\u0131 qulaqard\u0131na vurulduqdan sonra \u015eah II Abbas yaranm\u0131\u015f problemi h\u0259rbi yolla h\u0259ll etm\u0259yi q\u0259rara ald\u0131. 1651-ci il oktyabr\u0131n 25-d\u0259 q\u0131z\u0131lba\u015flardan, qumuxlardan, noqaylardan, \u00e7e\u00e7enl\u0259rd\u0259n v\u0259 da\u011f\u0131stanl\u0131lardan t\u0259\u015fkil olunmu\u015f 12.000 n\u0259f\u0259rlik S\u0259f\u0259vi ordusu \u015eimali Qafqazdak\u0131 rus qo\u015funlar\u0131na qar\u015f\u0131 h\u0259rbi \u0259m\u0259liyyatlara ba\u015flad\u0131. Qo\u015funun 1.600 n\u0259f\u0259ri q\u0131z\u0131lba\u015f idi. Onlar \u00f6zl\u0259ri il\u0259 iki top g\u0259tirmi\u015fdil\u0259r. Qumuxlara Tarki \u015famxal\u0131 Surxay xan v\u0259 Endirey xan\u0131 Qazan Alp, qaytaqlara \u018fmirxan Sultan, noqaylara \u00c7oban murza v\u0259 \u015eatemir murza r\u0259hb\u0259rlik edirdi. H\u0259rbi \u0259m\u0259liyyatlara \u00fcmumi komandanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 S\u0259f\u0259vil\u0259rin \u015eirvan valisi Xosrov xanla Da\u011f\u0131stan valisi \u015eamxal Surxay xan h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Ha\u015fiy\u0259. <\/strong>Yuxar\u0131da qeyd olunan il (1651) v\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b (Sunja istehkam\u0131n\u0131n tikilm\u0259si) Rusiya tarix\u015f\u00fcnasl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n n\u00f6qteyi-n\u0259z\u0259rini \u0259ks etdirir. \u018fslind\u0259 is\u0259, S\u0259f\u0259vi\u2013Rusiya m\u00fcharib\u0259si 1651-ci ild\u0259 q\u0131z\u0131lba\u015flar\u0131n t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcs\u00fc il\u0259 deyil, 1649-cu ild\u0259 ruslar\u0131n birba\u015fa h\u0259rbi t\u0259cav\u00fcz\u00fc n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bel\u0259 ki, m\u0259hz h\u0259min tarixd\u0259 (1649) 10.000 n\u0259f\u0259rlik yax\u015f\u0131 silahlanm\u0131\u015f rus qo\u015funu S\u0259f\u0259vil\u0259rin m\u00fctt\u0259fiqi olan Tarki \u015famxall\u0131\u011f\u0131na soxulmu\u015fdu. Rusiyan\u0131n m\u0259qs\u0259di qumux t\u00fcrkl\u0259rinin m\u00fcst\u0259qilliyin\u0259 son qoymaq v\u0259 onlara p\u0259nah g\u0259tirmi\u015f noqay t\u00fcrkl\u0259rinin ax\u0131r\u0131na \u00e7\u0131xmaq idi. \u0130\u015f\u011fal\u00e7\u0131lar ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259rini yand\u0131r\u0131r, dinc \u0259halini k\u00fctl\u0259vi \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 q\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131lar. \u00d6lk\u0259nin paytaxt\u0131 Tarki \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ciddi t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259 yaranm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Lakin \u015eamxal Surxay xan qumux xalq\u0131n\u0131 s\u0259f\u0259rb\u0259r ed\u0259 bildi. Da\u011f\u0131stan\u0131n indiki Babayurt rayonunun Germen\u00e7ik k\u0259ndi yax\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 1650-ci ild\u0259 ba\u015f vermi\u015f sava\u015fda qumux v\u0259 noqay d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259ri rus ordusunu darmada\u011f\u0131n etdil\u0259r. Bu, f\u0259lak\u0259tli bir m\u0259\u011flubiyy\u0259t idi. Rusiyan\u0131n Qafqaz qrupla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn canl\u0131 q\u00fcvv\u0259si h\u0259min d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fd\u0259 m\u0259hv oldu. \u00c7ar\u0131n n\u00fcfuzuna a\u011f\u0131r z\u0259rb\u0259 d\u0259ydi. Surxan xan \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irdiyi rus d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f bayraqlar\u0131n\u0131 S\u0259f\u0259vi \u015fah\u0131 II Abbasa g\u00f6nd\u0259rdi. Bu fakt da onu g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, m\u00fcharib\u0259, \u0259slind\u0259, Rusiya il\u0259 S\u0259f\u0259vil\u0259r aras\u0131nda gedirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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1653-c\u00fc ilin fevral-mart aylar\u0131nda \u015eah II Abbas Sunja \u0259traf\u0131na \u0259lav\u0259 qo\u015fun hiss\u0259l\u0259ri g\u00f6nd\u0259rdi. Mart\u0131n 7-d\u0259 h\u0259rbi \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar \u015fidd\u0259tl\u0259ndi. Mart\u0131n 25-d\u0259 q\u0131zlba\u015flar v\u0259 onlar\u0131n m\u00fctt\u0259fiql\u0259ri m\u00f6hk\u0259ml\u0259ndirilmi\u015f Sunja istehkam\u0131n\u0131 birba\u015fa h\u00fccumla \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irdil\u0259r, ruslar m\u0259\u011flub oldular. Bu q\u0259l\u0259b\u0259 il\u0259 kifay\u0259tl\u0259nm\u0259y\u0259n \u015eah II Abbas D\u0259rb\u0259nd \u015f\u0259h\u0259rinin \u0259traf\u0131nda b\u00f6y\u00fck q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259r c\u0259ml\u0259\u015fdirdi. \u018fmr verildi ki, imperiyan\u0131n h\u0259r yerind\u0259n q\u0131z\u0131lba\u015f d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259ri \u0130sfahan \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin\u0259 topla\u015fs\u0131nlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Rusiya \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 \u015fah\u0131n \u015f\u0259xs\u0259n r\u0259hb\u0259rlik ed\u0259c\u0259yi b\u00f6y\u00fck bir h\u0259rbi y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f planla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. \u018fvv\u0259lc\u0259 Terki qalas\u0131, sonra is\u0259 H\u0259\u015ft\u0259rxan al\u0131nmal\u0131 idi. B\u0259zi m\u0259lumatlara g\u00f6r\u0259, bu h\u00fccumda Kr\u0131m xanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n da i\u015ftirak\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulmu\u015fdu. Lakin 1653-c\u00fc ilin yay\u0131nda B\u00f6y\u00fck Mo\u011follar imperiyas\u0131n\u0131n qo\u015funlar\u0131 S\u0259f\u0259vil\u0259rin \u015f\u0259rq s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259rin\u0259 h\u00fccum etdil\u0259r. Q\u0259nd\u0259har \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri m\u00fchasir\u0259y\u0259 al\u0131nd\u0131. \u0130ki c\u0259bh\u0259d\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 aparmaq \u00e7\u0259tin idi. M\u0259hz buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 ruslar\u0131n s\u00fclh t\u0259klifi q\u0259bul edildi. Rusiya imperiyas\u0131 is\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn Qafqazla ba\u011fl\u0131 plan v\u0259 niyy\u0259tl\u0259rini t\u0259xir\u0259 salma\u011fa m\u0259cbur oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00fc\u0259llif: Milli Kimlik Ara\u015fd\u0131rma Qrupunun \u00fczv\u00fc Araz \u015e\u0259hrili<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Rusiya\u2013\u0130ran m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n dan\u0131\u015fark\u0259n yada I Pyotrun X\u0259z\u0259ryan\u0131 vilay\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, G\u00fcl\u00fcstan v\u0259 T\u00fcrkm\u0259n\u00e7ay m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259ri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Halbuki bu iki m\u0259kan aras\u0131nda m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rin tarixi \u0259n az\u0131 e.\u0259.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":43444,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-43436","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tarix"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43436","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=43436"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43436\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":43443,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43436\/revisions\/43443"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/43444"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=43436"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=43436"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=43436"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}