{"id":44460,"date":"2021-08-03T02:41:16","date_gmt":"2021-08-02T22:41:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=44460"},"modified":"2021-08-03T02:41:20","modified_gmt":"2021-08-02T22:41:20","slug":"nadir-sah-%c9%99fsar-v%c9%99-imperatrica-anna-ioannovna","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=44460","title":{"rendered":"NAD\u0130R \u015eAH \u018fF\u015eAR V\u018f \u0130MPERATR\u0130\u00c7A ANNA \u0130OANNOVNA"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

1735-ci ild\u0259 Rusiya imperiyas\u0131n\u0131n el\u00e7il\u0259ri Nadir xan \u018ff\u015farla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f, ona \u0130mperatri\u00e7a Anna \u0130oannovnan\u0131n (1693\u20131740) m\u0259ktub v\u0259 h\u0259diyy\u0259l\u0259rini t\u0259qdim etmi\u015fdil\u0259r. H\u0259diyy\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n biri \u2013 mexaniki oyuncaq Nadir xan\u0131n \u00e7ox xo\u015funa g\u0259lmi\u015fdi. O, imperatri\u00e7aya cavab m\u0259ktubunda bildirmi\u015fdi ki,<\/strong> \u201cQ\u0259nd\u0259har\u0131n f\u0259thind\u0259n sonra A\u011fbanu (rus imperatri\u00e7as\u0131) il\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcb ona evl\u0259nm\u0259k t\u0259klifi ed\u0259c\u0259k v\u0259 o zaman iki \u00f6lk\u0259 bir \u00f6lk\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7evril\u0259c\u0259kdir\u201d.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qeyd etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, Nadir xan \u018ff\u015far Da\u011f\u0131stan\u0131n qiyam\u00e7\u0131 xanlar\u0131n\u0131 c\u0259zaland\u0131rmaq m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 1734\u20131735-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 iki d\u0259f\u0259 y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015fd\u0259 olmu\u015f, b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fl\u0259rd\u0259 qalib g\u0259lmi\u015f, 1735\u20131736-c\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 is\u0259 Rusiya imperiyas\u0131n\u0131 Da\u011f\u0131standan \u00e7\u0131xarm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. 1736-c\u0131 il mart\u0131n 21-d\u0259 \u015fah se\u00e7il\u0259n Nadir \u018ffqan\u0131stan\u0131, Hindistan\u0131, Orta Asiyan\u0131, \u0130raq\u0131 v\u0259 dig\u0259r \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259ri f\u0259th etmi\u015f, \u015fimal torpaqlar\u0131 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sin\u0259 bir d\u0259 1740-c\u0131 ild\u0259n sonra qay\u0131tm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bunun da bir s\u0259b\u0259bi o idi ki, 1740\u20131741-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 Rusiya imperiyas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fccl\u00fc d\u0259st\u0259yi say\u0259sind\u0259 \u015eimali Qafqaz\u0131n qiyam\u00e7\u0131 feodallar\u0131 yenid\u0259n f\u0259alla\u015fm\u0131\u015f, \u015f\u0259h\u0259r v\u0259 k\u0259ndl\u0259r\u0259 basq\u0131nlar etm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131lar. Lakin bu, yegan\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b deyildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Britaniya tarix\u00e7isi v\u0259 \u015f\u0259rq\u015f\u00fcnas\u0131 Lourens Lokkart (1890\u20131975) yaz\u0131r: \u201c1742-ci ilin noyabr\u0131nda Nadir \u015fah \u015fimal istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00c7ox g\u00fcman ki, onun m\u0259qs\u0259di donmu\u015f Terek \u00e7ay\u0131n\u0131 ke\u00e7\u0259r\u0259k Q\u0131zlara getm\u0259k idi. \u00c7e\u00e7enistandan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u0259ktub \u015fah\u0131n bu q\u0259rar\u0131 verm\u0259sin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olmu\u015fdu. H\u0259min m\u0259ktubda \u00e7e\u00e7enl\u0259r bildirmi\u015fdil\u0259r ki, Nadir \u015fah \u018ff\u015far\u0131n t\u0259b\u0259\u0259liyini q\u0259bul etm\u0259k niyy\u0259tind\u0259dirl\u0259r. \u018fg\u0259r o, \u00c7e\u00e7enistana g\u0259ls\u0259, \u00e7e\u00e7enl\u0259r Rusiya il\u0259 m\u00fcharib\u0259d\u0259 Nadir \u015faha \u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259n g\u0259l\u0259n k\u00f6m\u0259yi ed\u0259c\u0259kl\u0259r. Ayd\u0131nd\u0131r ki, Nadir \u015fah Kabardan\u0131, Kuban\u0131 v\u0259 Kr\u0131m\u0131 \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irm\u0259k ist\u0259yirdi. Bel\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrd\u00fc ki, Rusiya il\u0259 \u0130ran aras\u0131nda m\u00fcharib\u0259 m\u00fctl\u0259q ba\u015f ver\u0259c\u0259kdir\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yuxar\u0131dak\u0131 s\u0259tirl\u0259ri oxuduqdan sonra Nadir \u015fah\u0131n Da\u011f\u0131stana q\u0131\u015f aylar\u0131nda h\u00fccum etm\u0259sinin s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rini anlamaq olur. Onun \u0259sl h\u0259d\u0259fi \u015eimali Qafqaz\u0131n da\u011fl\u0131q \u0259razil\u0259ri deyil, Rusiyan\u0131n c\u0259nub \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259ri idi. Nadir \u015fah\u0131n q\u0131z\u0131lba\u015flardan, \u00f6zb\u0259kl\u0259rd\u0259n v\u0259 \u0259fqanlardan ibar\u0259t olan qo\u015fununun qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015f v\u0259 bol sulu \u00e7aylar k\u0259smi\u015fdi. B\u00f6y\u00fck ordu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn su mane\u0259l\u0259rini q\u0131\u015fda \u2013 onlar\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fc qal\u0131n buz t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259si \u00f6rtd\u00fckd\u0259n sonra d\u0259f etm\u0259k daha asand\u0131r. Y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f\u0259 q\u0131\u015f aylar\u0131nda ba\u015flamaq h\u0259m d\u0259 rus qo\u015funlar\u0131na qar\u015f\u0131 h\u0259rbi \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar\u0131n \u0259sas v\u0259 h\u0259lledici hiss\u0259sinin isti f\u0259sill\u0259r\u0259 ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si dem\u0259k idi. S\u00f6zs\u00fcz ki, Nadir \u015fah Da\u011f\u0131standa l\u0259ngim\u0259k fikrind\u0259 deyildi. \u00c7ox g\u00fcman ki, o, s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t edib Q\u0131zlara \u00e7atmaq, q\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00c7e\u00e7enistanla s\u0259rh\u0259dd\u0259 ke\u00e7irib yaz\u0131n \u0259vv\u0259lind\u0259 s\u0259f\u0259rini davam etdirm\u0259k ist\u0259yirdi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yaxud Q\u0131zlarda dayanmadan H\u0259\u015ft\u0259rxan istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 ir\u0259lil\u0259yib bu \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri h\u00fccumla \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irm\u0259k niyy\u0259tind\u0259 idi. \u0130st\u0259nil\u0259n halda \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259siz ki, S\u0259f\u0259vi \u015fah\u0131 II Abbas kimi Nadir \u015fah \u018ff\u015far da H\u0259\u015ft\u0259rxan\u0131n azad olunmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6lk\u0259nin xarici siyas\u0259tinin prioritet m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n biri say\u0131rd\u0131. Amma Da\u011f\u0131stan feodallar\u0131n\u0131n ita\u0259tini t\u0259min etm\u0259d\u0259n Rusiya il\u0259 m\u00fcharib\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flamaq b\u00f6y\u00fck bir s\u0259hv olard\u0131. G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr, h\u0259rbi kompaniyan\u0131n \u0259vv\u0259lind\u0259 \u015fah inan\u0131rd\u0131 ki, da\u011fl\u0131lar n\u0259inki t\u0259slim olacaqlar, h\u0259tta ona yard\u0131m da g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259c\u0259kl\u0259r. Lakin o, yan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Yaln\u0131z qumuxlar Nadir \u015fah\u0131n m\u00fcraci\u0259tini e\u015fidib onun t\u0259r\u0259fin\u0259 ke\u00e7dil\u0259r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Da\u011f\u0131stan xanlar\u0131 is\u0259 ba\u015fqa yol tutdular. Rusiya tarix\u00e7il\u0259rinin m\u0259lumat\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259, onlardan b\u0259zil\u0259ri rus general\u0131 Tarakanova guya bel\u0259 bir m\u0259ktub da yazm\u0131\u015fd\u0131lar: \u201c\u018flah\u0259zr\u0259t imperatri\u00e7adan xahi\u015f edirik ki, bizi \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn q\u00fcdr\u0259tli qanadlar\u0131 alt\u0131na als\u0131n v\u0259 onun qulu olma\u011f\u0131m\u0131za icaz\u0259 versin. \u0130mperatri\u00e7an\u0131n q\u0131z\u0131l libas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259t\u0259kl\u0259rini tutma\u011fa haz\u0131r\u0131q. T\u0259nt\u0259n\u0259li sur\u0259td\u0259 ona s\u0259daq\u0259t and\u0131 i\u00e7irik\u201d. S\u00f6zs\u00fcz ki, bu c\u00fcml\u0259l\u0259r yaln\u0131z bir ne\u00e7\u0259 feodal\u0131n fikrini ifad\u0259 edirdi. B\u0259lk\u0259 d\u0259 h\u0259min m\u0259ktub sonradan qura\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f saxta bir s\u0259n\u0259ddir. Lakin dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n, bunlar yaln\u0131z bizim ehtimallar\u0131m\u0131zd\u0131r. B\u0259lli olan budur ki, \u015eimali Qafqazdak\u0131 rus qalalar\u0131n\u0131n komandirl\u0259ri Nadir \u015fahla m\u00fcbariz\u0259 aparan qiyam\u00e7\u0131lara silah-sursat \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcrd\u00fcl\u0259r.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nadir \u015fah planla\u015fd\u0131rma zaman\u0131 ola bilsin ki, iki ciddi s\u0259hv\u0259 yol vermi\u015fdi:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

  • Y\u00fcks\u0259k da\u011fl\u0131q \u015f\u0259rait\u0259 al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f da\u011fl\u0131 \u00fcsyan\u00e7\u0131larla d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u0259 \u00e7\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259ri g\u0259tirmi\u015fdi. Onun h\u0259rb\u00e7il\u0259rind\u0259n yaln\u0131z \u0259fqanlar da\u011flarda yorulmur v\u0259 d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f qabiliyy\u0259tini itirmirdil\u0259r. Abbasqulu a\u011fa Bak\u0131xanov yaz\u0131r ki, \u0259fqanlar da\u011fl\u0131larla d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fl\u0259rin \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259tind\u0259n qalib \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131lar. Lakin orduda \u0259fqanlardan v\u0259 dig\u0259r da\u011f xalqlar\u0131ndan olan sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n say\u0131 laz\u0131m oldu\u011fundan az idi. Bu is\u0259 bir daha ona d\u0259lal\u0259t edir ki, Nadir \u015fah\u0131n \u0259sl h\u0259d\u0259fi Da\u011f\u0131stan deyil, Rusiya imperiyas\u0131 olmu\u015fdur;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n
    • \"\"<\/figure><\/li>
    • \"\"<\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
      • Ordunun \u0259rzaq v\u0259 paltar t\u0259minat\u0131 q\u0259na\u0259tb\u0259x\u015f s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 t\u0259\u015fkil edilm\u0259mi\u015fdi. N\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131nmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131 ki, arxa c\u0259bh\u0259 rolunu oynayacaq \u015eirvan vilay\u0259ti Rusiya\u2013S\u0259f\u0259vi m\u00fcharib\u0259si v\u0259 da\u011fl\u0131 qiyam\u00e7\u0131larla \u0259vv\u0259lki d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fl\u0259r n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 tamamil\u0259 viran\u0259liy\u0259 \u00e7evrilmi\u015fdir. Yoluxucu x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259r \u00fcz\u00fcnd\u0259n verilmi\u015f itkil\u0259r d\u0259 az deyildi. \u018ffqan d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259rinin bir hiss\u0259sini v\u0259ba t\u0259l\u0259f etmi\u015fdi.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        B\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259r\u0259 baxmayaraq Nadir \u015fah 1743-c\u00fc il fevral ay\u0131n\u0131n 10-d\u0259k Da\u011f\u0131stan\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck bir hiss\u0259sini \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 tabe etdi. Art\u0131q Rusiya istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f\u00fc davam etdirm\u0259k olard\u0131. Lakin fevral\u0131n 15-d\u0259 \u015fah m\u0259lumat ald\u0131 ki, n\u0259h\u0259ng bir Osmanl\u0131 ordusu onun d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259rin\u0259 yax\u0131nla\u015f\u0131r. Bu h\u00fccumu d\u0259f etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Nadir \u015fah \u018ff\u015far\u0131n geri d\u00f6nm\u0259kd\u0259n ba\u015fqa bir \u0259lac\u0131 qalmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        1747-ci il iyun ay\u0131n\u0131n 17-d\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck fatehin sui-q\u0259sd n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259si Rusiya imperiyas\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fin\u0259 yarad\u0131.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        M\u00fc\u0259llif: Milli Kimlik Ara\u015fd\u0131rma Qrupunun \u00fczv\u00fc Araz \u015e\u0259hrili<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        1735-ci ild\u0259 Rusiya imperiyas\u0131n\u0131n el\u00e7il\u0259ri Nadir xan \u018ff\u015farla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f, ona \u0130mperatri\u00e7a Anna \u0130oannovnan\u0131n (1693\u20131740) m\u0259ktub v\u0259 h\u0259diyy\u0259l\u0259rini t\u0259qdim etmi\u015fdil\u0259r. H\u0259diyy\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n biri \u2013 mexaniki oyuncaq<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":44464,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-44460","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tarix"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44460","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=44460"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44460\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":44465,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44460\/revisions\/44465"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/44464"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=44460"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=44460"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=44460"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}