{"id":44956,"date":"2021-08-10T02:08:22","date_gmt":"2021-08-09T22:08:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=44956"},"modified":"2021-08-10T02:08:26","modified_gmt":"2021-08-09T22:08:26","slug":"t%c9%99hsil-f%c9%99ls%c9%99f%c9%99si-v%c9%99-praqmatik-t%c9%99lim-prosesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=44956","title":{"rendered":"T\u0259hsil f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259si v\u0259 praqmatik t\u0259lim prosesi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

«Tarix boyu c\u0259miyy\u0259tin inki\u015faf\u0131nda m\u00fc\u0259llimin rolu v\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli \u0259v\u0259zedilm\u0259z olmu\u015fdur. M\u00fcasir d\u00f6vrd\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259llimlik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 yeni-yeni keyfiyy\u0259tl\u0259r hesab\u0131na daha da z\u0259nginl\u0259\u015fmi\u015fdir. M\u00fcasir c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259llim y\u00fcks\u0259k n\u0259z\u0259ri bilikl\u0259r\u0259, m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t v\u0259 m\u0259rif\u0259t\u0259, pedaqoji etikaya v\u0259 takta malik yetkin bir \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tdir. M\u00fc\u0259llim el\u0259 m\u00f6t\u0259b\u0259r, el\u0259 aqil, el\u0259 kamil adamd\u0131r ki, h\u0259r bir valideyn \u00f6z \u00f6vladlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259rbiy\u0259sini onlara etibar edir. M\u00fc\u0259llim ke\u00e7mi\u015f n\u0259slin \u0259n yax\u015f\u0131 h\u0259yati t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259sini elmi bilikl\u0259ri v\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn \u0259ld\u0259 etdiyi elmi nailiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri yeni n\u0259sl\u0259 verir. M\u00fc\u0259llim g\u0259nc m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259rin \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tini formala\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r, d\u00fcnyag\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn t\u0259\u015f\u0259kk\u00fcl etm\u0259sin\u0259 v\u0259 inki\u015faf\u0131na \u015f\u0259rait yarad\u0131r. Pedaqoji f\u0259aliyy\u0259t m\u00fc\u0259llimin t\u0259lim, t\u0259rbiy\u0259, inki\u015faf, \u015fagirdl\u0259rin t\u0259\u015fkili zaman\u0131 c\u0259miyy\u0259t t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n ir\u0259li s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u0259n sifari\u015f\u0259 m\u00fcvafiq olaraq m\u0259kt\u0259blil\u0259rd\u0259 \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tin keyfiyy\u0259tinin formala\u015fmas\u0131na y\u00f6n\u0259ldilmi\u015f pe\u015f\u0259 f\u0259all\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ibar\u0259tdir. Pedaqoji f\u0259aliyy\u0259t pedaqoji elml\u0259rin m\u00fcxt\u0259lif sah\u0259l\u0259ri t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n \u00f6yr\u0259nilir, t\u0259dqiq olunur. Burada birinci n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259llim \u0259m\u0259yinin psixoloji qanunauy\u011funluqlar\u0131 diqq\u0259ti c\u0259lb edir.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ona g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 pedaqoji f\u0259aliyy\u0259tin psixologiyas\u0131ndan dan\u0131\u015fark\u0259n m\u00fc\u0259llim \u0259m\u0259yinin, m\u00fc\u0259llimin c\u0259miyy\u0259t t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n ir\u0259li s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u0259n m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259ri v\u0259 pedaqoji f\u0259aliyy\u0259t sistemini nec\u0259 qavramas\u0131 v\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irm\u0259si, konkret \u015f\u0259raitd\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131 olaraq \u00f6z f\u0259aliyy\u0259tinin v\u0259zif\u0259, forma v\u0259 metodlar\u0131n\u0131n aktuall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 nec\u0259 d\u0259rk etm\u0259sinin psixoloji qanunauy\u011funluqlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6yr\u0259n\u0259n psixoloji bilik sah\u0259sini n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tuturuq.»<\/p>\n\n\n\n

«Pedaqoji f\u0259aliyy\u0259tin n\u0259tic\u0259si — \u015fagird \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tinin \u0259lam\u0259t v\u0259 keyfiyy\u0259tl\u0259rinin formala\u015fmas\u0131. Bu c\u0259h\u0259tl\u0259rin h\u0259r biri pedaqoji f\u0259aliyy\u0259tin s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259liliyi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259sas amil rolunu oynay\u0131r. M\u00fc\u0259llim \u0259m\u0259yi \u00e7oxc\u0259h\u0259tli psixi reall\u0131qd\u0131r. Burada bir-biri il\u0259 v\u0259hd\u0259td\u0259 olan \u00fc\u00e7 c\u0259h\u0259t diqq\u0259ti x\u00fcsusi olaraq c\u0259lb edir. Bunlar pedaqoji f\u0259aliyy\u0259t, pedaqoji \u00fcnsiyy\u0259t v\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259llim \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tinin x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n ibar\u0259tdir. Pedaqoji f\u0259aliyy\u0259t m\u00fc\u0259llimin \u015fagirdl\u0259r\u0259 t\u0259sirini \u0259hat\u0259 edir. Pedaqoji \u00fcnsiyy\u0259t — birg\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t zaman\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259llim v\u0259 \u015fagirdl\u0259rin \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ibar\u0259tdir. Psixoloji t\u0259dqiqatlar \u0259sas\u0131nda m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilmi\u015fdir ki, pedaqoji f\u0259aliyy\u0259t zaman\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259llim bir deyil, bir ne\u00e7\u0259 m\u0259qs\u0259d v\u0259 v\u0259zif\u0259ni yerin\u0259 yetirir: «Pedaqoji f\u0259aliyy\u0259tin \u0259sas subyekti m\u00fc\u0259llim oldu\u011funa g\u00f6r\u0259 burada m\u00fc\u0259llim \u0259m\u0259yinin motivl\u0259ri, m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259ri v\u0259 v\u0259zif\u0259l\u0259ri \u0259sas yer tutur. Pedaqoji f\u0259aliyy\u0259tin m\u0259zmunu v\u0259 psixologiyas\u0131 bir t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n sosial amill\u0259rl\u0259, dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n sosial psixoloji amill\u0259rl\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilir. Pedaqoji f\u0259aliyy\u0259t \u015fagirdl\u0259r\u0259 bilik, bacar\u0131q v\u0259 v\u0259rdi\u015fl\u0259r a\u015f\u0131lamaqla m\u0259hdudla\u015fm\u0131r, eyni zamanda onlara d\u00fcnyag\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, \u0259qid\u0259 v\u0259 inam a\u015f\u0131lay\u0131r. Bu prosesd\u0259 \u015fagirdl\u0259r z\u0259ruri davran\u0131\u015f formalar\u0131na yiy\u0259l\u0259nirl\u0259r. Onlarda f\u0259all\u0131q, biliy\u0259 h\u0259rislik inki\u015faf edir. Pedaqoji f\u0259aliyy\u0259tin m\u00fcv\u0259ff\u0259qiyy\u0259ti \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0259r bir m\u00fc\u0259llim t\u0259bi\u0259t v\u0259 c\u0259miyy\u0259t haqq\u0131nda d\u0259rin bilikl\u0259r\u0259 yiy\u0259l\u0259nm\u0259kl\u0259, y\u00fcks\u0259k inam, y\u00fcks\u0259k ideyal\u0131l\u0131\u011fa g\u00f6r\u0259 f\u0259rql\u0259nm\u0259kl\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131 bir s\u0131ra m\u00fch\u00fcm keyfiyy\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 d\u0259 malik olmal\u0131d\u0131r.»<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00fc\u0259llimin \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259ti onun pedaqoji \u0259m\u0259yin\u0259 istiqam\u0259t, m\u0259na verir. M\u00fc\u0259llim \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tinin strukturuna g\u0259ldikd\u0259 buraya onun \u0259m\u0259yinin xarakterini m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n psixi keyfiyy\u0259tl\u0259rin, qabiliyy\u0259tl\u0259rin, hal\u0259tl\u0259rin m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b v\u0259hd\u0259tini v\u0259 s. aid etm\u0259k olar. M\u00fc\u0259llim \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259ti \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn istiqam\u0259t v\u0259 motivasiyas\u0131, qabiliyy\u0259tl\u0259ri, xarakteri, yarad\u0131c\u0131 m\u00f6vqeyi, f\u0259rdi \u00fcslubi v\u0259 s. il\u0259 xarakteriz\u0259 olunur. T\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259l\u0259r g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, \u015fagirdl\u0259rl\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 m\u00fcnasib\u0259td\u0259 pedaqoji \u00fcnsiyy\u0259tin demokratik \u00fcslubundan istifad\u0259 ed\u0259n m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259rl\u0259 \u015fagirdl\u0259r aras\u0131nda olduqca s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259li t\u0259mas yaran\u0131r v\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259r \u015fagirdl\u0259rin sevimlisin\u0259 \u00e7evrilirl\u0259r.M\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259rl\u0259 \u015fagirdl\u0259r aras\u0131ndak\u0131 qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 t\u0259sir d\u00f6rd \u0259sas psixoloji prinsip\u0259 ayr\u0131l\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Pedaqoji qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 t\u0259sirin dioloqla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, yeni dioloq s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si. \u018fn\u0259n\u0259vi monoloqla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, y\u0259ni monoloq s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7iril\u0259n pedaqoji qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 t\u0259sir zaman\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259 \u015fagird aras\u0131nda h\u0259m \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tl\u0259raras\u0131 qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259r plan\u0131nda, h\u0259m rollu sosial qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 t\u0259sir plan\u0131nda, h\u0259m d\u0259 informasiya m\u00fcbadil\u0259si plan\u0131nda qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 t\u0259sird\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259rh\u00fcquqluluq pozulur v\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259llim dominant rolda \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f edir. Bel\u0259 ki, o, informasiya m\u0259nb\u0259yi hesab edilir, o, \u015fagirdl\u0259r\u0259 sual verir, o, \u015fagirdl\u0259rin cavablar\u0131na n\u0259zar\u0259t edir v\u0259 onlar\u0131 qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirir. M\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn he\u00e7 bir m\u0259hdudiyy\u0259t yoxdur v\u0259 onlar \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tl\u0259rdir, \u015fagirdl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259t etalonudur. Monoloq s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259 qurulan pedaqoji qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 t\u0259sir prosesind\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259llimd\u0259n \u015fagird \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tini qism\u0259n ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259k v\u0259 q\u0259bul etm\u0259k t\u0259l\u0259b olunur ki, bu da ona diktator m\u00f6vqeyind\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f etm\u0259y\u0259 imkan verir. Pedaqoji qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 t\u0259sirin dialoqla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 is\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259llim qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6z m\u00f6vqeyini d\u0259yi\u015fdirm\u0259k t\u0259l\u0259bi qoyur v\u0259 o, \u015fagirdl\u0259rl\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259rh\u00fcquqlu m\u00f6vqed\u0259 durur. Bu \u00f6z n\u00f6vb\u0259sind\u0259 onlar aras\u0131nda \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q yaranmas\u0131na g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131r. Bu g\u00fcn m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259rl\u0259 \u015fagirdl\u0259r aras\u0131nda \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yaranmas\u0131, onun apard\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u0259lim-t\u0259rbiy\u0259 i\u015fini optimalla\u015fd\u0131rma\u011fa \u015f\u0259rait yarada bil\u0259r.»<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Pedaqoji qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 t\u0259sirin probleml\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si. \u018fn\u0259n\u0259vi problemsizl\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f pedaqoji qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 t\u0259sir zaman\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259llim \u015fagirdl\u0259r\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n bilikl\u0259r verir, sonuncu is\u0259 onlar\u0131 m\u0259nims\u0259yir, bir n\u00f6v bilikl\u0259r m\u00fc\u0259llimin beynind\u0259n \u015fagirdl\u0259rin beynin\u0259 ax\u0131r. Bu zaman \u015fagirdl\u0259rin m\u00fcst\u0259qilliyi he\u00e7\u0259 endirilir v\u0259 onlardan haz\u0131r bilikl\u0259r\u0259 yiy\u0259l\u0259nm\u0259k t\u0259l\u0259b olunur. T\u0259rbiy\u0259 i\u015fi d\u0259 el\u0259 qurulur ki, \u015fagirdl\u0259r yaln\u0131z m\u00fc\u0259llimin qoydu\u011fu qaydalara \u0259m\u0259l etm\u0259li olur. H\u0259tta m\u00fc\u0259llimin qoydu\u011fu qaydalara \u0259m\u0259l etm\u0259y\u0259nl\u0259r t\u0259rbiy\u0259siz hesab edilirl\u0259r. Dem\u0259li, m\u00fc\u0259llim t\u0259l\u0259b ed\u0259n, \u015fagird is\u0259 icra ed\u0259n rolunda \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f edir. Probleml\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f pedaqoji qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 t\u0259sir zaman\u0131 is\u0259 t\u0259lim v\u0259 t\u0259rbiy\u0259 prosesind\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259llimin v\u0259 \u015fagirdl\u0259rin rollar\u0131 v\u0259 funksiyalar\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015fir. M\u00fc\u0259llim \u015fagirdin \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tinin inki\u015faf\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u015f\u0259rait yarad\u0131r, ona t\u0259lim i\u015find\u0259 m\u00fcst\u0259qillik verir, f\u0259al\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 stimulla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r, m\u00fcst\u0259qil \u0259qli i\u015f aparmaq imkan\u0131 verir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Pedaqoji qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 t\u0259sirin personalla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131. Qeyri — personalla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f pedaqoji qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 t\u0259sir — rollar aras\u0131nda m\u00f6vcud olan qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 t\u0259sirdir. \u018fn\u0259n\u0259vi qeyri — personalla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f pedaqoji qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 t\u0259sir zaman\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259llim t\u0259rbiy\u0259 ed\u0259n rolunda, \u015fagird is\u0259 t\u0259rbiy\u0259 olunan rolunda \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f edir. Bu rollar\u0131n \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sin\u0259 uy\u011fun g\u0259lm\u0259y\u0259nl\u0259r r\u0259dd edilir, y\u0259ni h\u0259r iki t\u0259r\u0259f rol g\u00f6zl\u0259m\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n k\u0259nara \u00e7\u0131xa bilmir. Bu yollar\u0131n \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 bir t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n a\u011f\u0131r y\u00fck qoyur, dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n is\u0259 \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259t-\u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259t m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259ri k\u0259narda qal\u0131r, rollar aras\u0131nda qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259r \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0259kilir. Rollar\u0131n icra\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 onlar\u0131n icra etdiyi rollar\u0131n m\u00f6vqeyi ilk\u0259 determinasiya olunur. Pedaqoji qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 t\u0259sirin personalla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 is\u0259 v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti k\u00f6k\u00fcnd\u0259n d\u0259yi\u015fir. Bu ilk n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259 h\u0259m m\u00fc\u0259llimd\u0259n, h\u0259m d\u0259 \u015fagirdl\u0259rd\u0259n onlar\u0131n icra etdiyi rol maskas\u0131ndan azad olmaq imkan\u0131 verir v\u0259 \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tl\u0259r aras\u0131nda azad qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259r \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0259kilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pedaqoji qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 t\u0259sirin f\u0259rdil\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qeyri — f\u0259rdil\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f pedaqoji qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 t\u0259sir \u015fagirdin f\u0259rdiliyin\u0259 y\u00f6n\u0259lmi\u015f qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 t\u0259sir deyildir. Bu \u015fagirdin f\u0259rdiliyini, y\u0259ni onun maraqlar\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 qabiliyy\u0259tl\u0259rinin \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259m\u0259xsuslu\u011funu n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 almayan frontal qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131l\u0131q t\u0259siri \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0259kir. F\u0259rdil\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f pedaqoji qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 t\u0259sir is\u0259 \u0259ksin\u0259, bir \u015fagirdin \u00fcmumi v\u0259 x\u00fcsusi qabiliyy\u0259tl\u0259rini \u00fcz\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xarma\u011fa y\u00f6n\u0259lir, t\u0259lim v\u0259 t\u0259rbiy\u0259 metodikas\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7\u0259rk\u0259n \u015fagirdl\u0259rin f\u0259rdi, ya\u015f x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259rini, qabiliyy\u0259tl\u0259ri v\u0259 meyll\u0259ri n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131r. M\u00fc\u0259llimin yiy\u0259l\u0259nm\u0259li oldu\u011fu pedaqoji bacar\u0131q v\u0259 v\u0259rdi\u015fl\u0259ri \u0259sas\u0259n d\u00f6rd qrupa b\u00f6l\u00fcrl\u0259r: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

«M\u0259lum oldu\u011fu kimi, t\u0259hsil c\u0259miyy\u0259tin h\u0259yat\u0131nda prioritet sah\u0259 olmaqla, insan\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131nda v\u0259 formala\u015fmas\u0131nda m\u00fch\u00fcm rol oynay\u0131r. O yaln\u0131z bilik v\u0259 bacar\u0131qlar \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn deyil, t\u0259hsil alan\u0131n v\u0259 b\u00fct\u00f6vl\u00fckd\u0259 insan\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259min etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn laz\u0131md\u0131r. T\u0259hsil prosesinin \u0259sas subyekti \u00f6yr\u0259n\u0259ndir (\u015fagird, t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259 v\u0259 s.). \u00d6yr\u0259n\u0259n bilik v\u0259 bacar\u0131qlar\u0131n da\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 kimi n\u0259z\u0259ri bilikl\u0259r qazan\u0131b inki\u015faf etm\u0259kl\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, bacar\u0131q v\u0259 v\u0259rdi\u015fl\u0259r\u0259 yiy\u0259l\u0259nm\u0259li, ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilikl\u0259ri t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259d\u0259, h\u0259yatda t\u0259tbiq etm\u0259yi bacarmal\u0131, bununla da m\u00fcst\u0259qil f\u0259aliyy\u0259t\u0259, pe\u015f\u0259se\u00e7m\u0259y\u0259 haz\u0131r, bazar iqtisadiyyat\u0131 \u015f\u0259raitind\u0259 r\u0259qab\u0259tqabiliyy\u0259tli olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6z h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcst\u0259qil qurma\u011f\u0131 bacarmal\u0131d\u0131r».<\/p>\n\n\n\n

«T\u0259hsilin keyfiyy\u0259ti s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259li t\u0259hsil v\u0259 t\u0259lim m\u00fchitinin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u015find\u0259n xeyli as\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. T\u0259hsil m\u00fchiti t\u0259lim m\u00fchiti il\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259d\u0259 \u00fcmumi, m\u00fcc\u0259rr\u0259d, geni\u015f, \u0259hat\u0259li olmaqla \u00f6yr\u0259n\u0259ni azad inki\u015faf etm\u0259y\u0259, yarad\u0131c\u0131 f\u0259rd olma\u011fa h\u0259v\u0259sl\u0259ndirm\u0259li, h\u0259yat\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fc olmal\u0131, \u00f6yr\u0259n\u0259nl\u0259r h\u0259yat\u0131n i\u00e7ind\u0259 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. T\u0259lim m\u00fchiti el\u0259 olmal\u0131d\u0131r ki, \u015fagirdl\u0259r m\u0259kt\u0259bd\u0259 h\u0259yat h\u0259qiq\u0259tl\u0259rini tapa bilm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fcst\u0259qil d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcns\u00fcn, qrup hal\u0131nda, kollektiv \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q ed\u0259 bilsin, qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 h\u00f6rm\u0259t v\u0259 \u00fcnsiyy\u0259t \u015f\u0259raitind\u0259 ir\u0259li s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f probleml\u0259ri (qoyulmu\u015f suallar\u0131) h\u0259ll ed\u0259 bilsinl\u0259r. D\u00fczg\u00fcn t\u0259hsil v\u0259 t\u0259lim m\u00fchiti \u015f\u0259raitind\u0259 m\u0259kt\u0259b b\u00fct\u00fcn diqq\u0259tini \u015fagirdl\u0259rin h\u0259rt\u0259r\u0259fli inki\u015faf\u0131na, onlar\u0131n maraq v\u0259 ehtiyaclar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259min olunmas\u0131na istiqam\u0259tl\u0259ndirm\u0259lidir. Bel\u0259 olduqda, t\u0259hsilin m\u0259qs\u0259di \u015fagirdl\u0259r\u0259 bilikl\u0259rin yaln\u0131z n\u0259z\u0259ri c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n deyil, praktikaya \u0259saslanmaqla, inki\u015fafetdirici xarakterd\u0259 verilm\u0259sini t\u0259min ed\u0259 bil\u0259r.»<\/p>\n\n\n\n

«T\u0259hsilin x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259ti, \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259ti, m\u0259qs\u0259di, v\u0259zif\u0259l\u0259ri, \u015fagirdin i\u015ftirak\u0131 bax\u0131m\u0131ndan t\u0259limin t\u0259\u015fkili, m\u00fc\u0259llimin m\u0259qs\u0259di (bilikl\u0259ri \u00e7atd\u0131rmaq, m\u00fcst\u0259qil \u00f6yr\u0259n\u0259nl\u0259r yeti\u015fdirm\u0259k, m\u0259n\u0259vi v\u0259 siyasi d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259r a\u015f\u0131lamaq), t\u0259hsil konsepsiyalar\u0131n\u0131n x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259ti, t\u0259hsilin idar\u0259 edilm\u0259sinin qanunauy\u011funluqlar\u0131 v\u0259 s. amill\u0259r t\u0259hsilin f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259sini t\u0259\u015fkil edir. «\u018fn\u0259n\u0259vi t\u0259hsilin six disiplinin\u0259, passiv \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259y\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. \u018fn tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f t\u0259msil\u00e7il\u0259ri Con Dyui, H. Kilpatrik v\u0259 Body. H. Bodedir. T\u0259hsil c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259 \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi olaraq davam ed\u0259n standartlar\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259zlikl\u0259ri deyil, davaml\u0131 olaraq d\u0259yi\u015f\u0259n h\u0259yat\u0131 \u00f6yr\u0259tm\u0259lidir. T\u0259hsill\u0259nmi\u015f insan h\u0259yata uy\u011fun deyil, h\u0259yata istiqam\u0259t ver\u0259n, onu inki\u015faf etdir\u0259n olmal\u0131d\u0131r. X\u00fcsusil\u0259 AB\u015e-da t\u0259hsilind\u0259 bu n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259 u\u015fa\u011f\u0131n maraqlar\u0131na istiqam\u0259tl\u0259nm\u0259kl\u0131, \u015f\u0259xsi probleml\u0259rinin h\u0259llin\u0259, u\u015fa\u011f\u0131n \u00f6z h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131 qurmas\u0131na do\u011fru m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259nm\u0259lidir».<\/p>\n\n\n\n

«Progressivizmin \u0259ksin\u0259 olaraq t\u0259hsil m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259rinin d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259z oldu\u011funu, davaml\u0131 olmas\u0131 laz\u0131m oldu\u011funu m\u00fcdafi\u0259 ed\u0259n bir n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259dir. S\u00fcr\u0259tli d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259 i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259 insan\u0131n t\u0259bi\u0259tinin eyni qalmas\u0131, \u0259sas \u0259xlaqi d\u0259y\u0259r v\u0259 prinsipl\u0259r t\u0259hsilin \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259\u015fkil etm\u0259lidir. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n h\u0259r yerind\u0259ki insan eyni oldu\u011fu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259hsilin m\u0259qs\u0259di d\u0259 h\u0259r yerrd\u0259 eyni olmal\u0131d\u0131r[8]. Fiziki v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259ni f\u0259rqlilikl\u0259r vacib deyildir. T\u0259hsil proqramlar\u0131 d\u00f6vrl\u0259r v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tl\u0259ri \u00fcst\u0259l\u0259m\u0259lidir. Bilik insana \u0259n q\u0131sa yoldan verilm\u0259lidir.»<\/p>\n\n\n\n

«T\u0259hsilin m\u0259qs\u0259di biz\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r y\u0131\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bilikl\u0259rin \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259sin\u0259 dayanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bunlar m\u00fc\u0259llim vasit\u0259sil\u0259 \u015fagirdl\u0259r\u0259 \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259lidir. T\u0259hsil u\u015fa\u011f\u0131n maraqlar\u0131na dayana bilm\u0259z, \u00e7\u00fcnki bu ke\u00e7icidir, t\u0259hsild\u0259 disiplin olmal\u0131d\u0131r. T\u0259hsilin m\u0259rk\u0259zind\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259llim var. U\u015faq d\u00fcnyan\u0131 tan\u0131maq, h\u0259yata haz\u0131rlanmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u0259kt\u0259b\u0259 gedir, onu \u00f6z hal\u0131na buraxa bilm\u0259rik. \u00c7\u00fcnki tarix boyunca y\u0131\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bilikl\u0259r, onun \u00f6z ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f\u0131 il\u0259 tapacaqlar\u0131ndan daha vacibdir. Bu f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 t\u0259hsil m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259ti qorumal\u0131, davaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na imkan yaratmal\u0131, c\u0259miyy\u0259tin q\u0259bul etdiyi d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259r t\u0259hsil vasit\u0259sil\u0259 yeni n\u0259sill\u0259r\u0259 \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259lidir.»T\u0259hsilin v\u0259zif\u0259si \u0259srimizin m\u0259d\u0259ni krizini a\u015fmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn c\u0259miyy\u0259tin yenid\u0259n qurulmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu qurulma \u0259snas\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn \u0259sas d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259r yenid\u0259n ara\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Yeni bir c\u0259miyy\u0259t yaratmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u0259kt\u0259b liderlik etm\u0259lidir. M\u00fcasir h\u0259yat i\u00e7ind\u0259 s\u0259naye sistemi, maddi v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259ni m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rin insanlar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n istifad\u0259si n\u0259zar\u0259t alt\u0131na al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. K\u00f6hn\u0259 t\u0259hsilin i\u015f\u0259 yaramayan t\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259ri at\u0131lmal\u0131, t\u0259hsild\u0259 m\u0259qs\u0259d v\u0259 vasit\u0259l\u0259r yenid\u0259n qurulmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7ind\u0259 oldu\u011fumuz s\u0259naye d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u0259 uy\u011fun bir m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t yaratmal\u0131 v\u0259 yeni c\u0259miyy\u0259t demokratik olmal\u0131d\u0131r. M\u00fc\u0259llim \u015fagirdl\u0259ri demokratik \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259y\u0259 haz\u0131rlamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

K\u0259rim Novruzov<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u011fdam rayon 95 n\u00f6mr\u0259li m\u0259kt\u0259bin tarix m\u016f\u0259llimi <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

«Tarix boyu c\u0259miyy\u0259tin inki\u015faf\u0131nda m\u00fc\u0259llimin rolu v\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli \u0259v\u0259zedilm\u0259z olmu\u015fdur. M\u00fcasir d\u00f6vrd\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259llimlik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 yeni-yeni keyfiyy\u0259tl\u0259r hesab\u0131na daha da z\u0259nginl\u0259\u015fmi\u015fdir. M\u00fcasir c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259llim y\u00fcks\u0259k<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":44958,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-44956","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-thsil"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44956","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=44956"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44956\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":44959,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44956\/revisions\/44959"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/44958"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=44956"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=44956"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=44956"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}