{"id":4875,"date":"2020-04-26T14:59:53","date_gmt":"2020-04-26T10:59:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=4875"},"modified":"2020-04-26T15:00:05","modified_gmt":"2020-04-26T11:00:05","slug":"car-rusiyasinin-qafqaz-ugrunda-ilk-mubariz%c9%99si","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=4875","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7ar Rusiyas\u0131n\u0131n Qafqaz u\u011frunda ilk m\u00fcbariz\u0259si"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

*Nihad N\u0259sirzad\u0259
\u0130stanbul \u00dcniversiteti Tarix fak\u00fclt\u0259si<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1696-c\u0131 ild\u0259 \u00c7ar Rusiyas\u0131n\u0131n taleyini d\u0259yi\u015f\u0259n I Pyotr V \u0130van\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnd\u0259n sonra b\u00fct\u00fcn iqtidar\u0131 \u0259l\u0259 ald\u0131 v\u0259 29 illik Pyotr islahatlar\u0131 d\u00f6vr\u00fc ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu, Rusiya tarixind\u0259 ilk sistemli modernl\u0259\u015fm\u0259 h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131 idi. Pyotrun Rusiyan\u0131 Avropan\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck g\u00fcc\u00fc olmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn g\u00f6st\u0259rdiyi c\u0259hdl\u0259ri Rusiyan\u0131 regional g\u00fcc olmaqdan \u00e7\u0131xardaraq, yeni bir imperatorlu\u011fun \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131 qoydu. Pyotr islahatlar yoluyla \u00f6lk\u0259nin modernl\u0259\u015fm\u0259si,m\u0259rk\u0259zi h\u00f6kum\u0259tin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc art\u0131rmaq v\u0259 \u0259n\u0259sas\u0131 \u00f6lk\u0259 s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259rini geni\u015fl\u0259ndirm\u0259k m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259ri bir-biri il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 idi. \u00d6lk\u0259 s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259rinin geni\u015fl\u0259ndirilm\u0259si h\u0259m \u015fimal ,h\u0259m c\u0259nub, h\u0259m \u015f\u0259rq h\u0259m d\u0259 q\u0259rb istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 olacaqd\u0131. \u018fsas m\u0259qs\u0259d c\u0259nub s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259rinin geni\u015fl\u0259ndirilm\u0259si,isti d\u0259nizl\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259k idi. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, ilk olaraq 1695-1696 ill\u0259ri \u0259rzind\u0259 ,\u0130vanla taxt\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcy\u00fc zaman Azaq qalas\u0131na Rus ordusu iki d\u0259f\u0259 h\u00fccum etdi. Rus ordusu ikinci h\u00fccumunda u\u011furlu oldu.1642-ci ild\u0259 itiril\u0259n Azaq Qalas\u0131 Qara d\u0259nizd\u0259 hakimiyy\u0259t qurmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn at\u0131lan \u00f6n\u0259mli bir add\u0131m idi. Bundan sonra is\u0259 Pyotrun \u0259sas diqq\u0259ti \u015fimala-\u0130sve\u00e7 krall\u0131\u011f\u0131na y\u00f6n\u0259lmi\u015fdi. 21 il davam ed\u0259c\u0259k \u015eimal M\u00fcharib\u0259si Baltik d\u0259nizi \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 hakimiyy\u0259t \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn q\u0131z\u011f\u0131n m\u00fcbariz\u0259 idi. H\u0259tta,\u015eimal M\u00fcharib\u0259si Pyotrun Kr\u0131m v\u0259 Osmanl\u0131 planlar\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259xir\u0259 sald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u041f\u0451\u0442\u0440<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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Pyotr 1709-cu ild\u0259 Poltava yax\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u0130sve\u00e7 kral\u0131 XII Karl\u0131 m\u0259\u011flub etdi.Bu m\u0259\u011flubiyy\u0259td\u0259n sonra XII Karl Osmanl\u0131ya s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131. Pyotr is\u0259 Poltavadan sonra ,1710-cu ild\u0259 Baltikyan\u0131 \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 hakimiyy\u0259ti m\u00f6hk\u0259ml\u0259tm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Estoniya, Litva \u0259razil\u0259rini Rusiya \u0259razil\u0259rin\u0259 birl\u0259\u015fdirdi.Bundan sona is\u0259 art\u0131q Pyotr \u00f6z diqq\u0259tini tamamil\u0259 c\u0259nuba \u00e7evirdi . Qara d\u0259niz b\u00f6lg\u0259si h\u0259m stratejik, h\u0259m d\u0259 iqtisadi bax\u0131mdan Rusiyan\u0131n Avrasiya imperatorlu\u011fu olmaq yolunda kilid n\u00f6qt\u0259 idi. Amma Rusiya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Qara d\u0259niz q\u0259d\u0259r X\u0259z\u0259ryan\u0131 \u0259razil\u0259r d\u0259 \u00f6n\u0259mli idi. Bu \u0259razi d\u0259 q\u0131sa bir m\u00fcdd\u0259t sonra Rusiya-Osmanl\u0131 aras\u0131nda m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259 b\u00f6lg\u0259si olacaqd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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1711-ci ild\u0259 \u00c7ar Pyotr Osmanl\u0131 D\u00f6vl\u0259ti v\u0259 kral\u0131 Osmanl\u0131ya s\u0131\u011f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f \u0130sve\u00e7\u0259 m\u00fcharib\u0259 elan etdi. Habsburqlar qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda m\u0259\u011flubiyy\u0259t\u0259 u\u011fram\u0131\u015f Osmanl\u0131 D\u00f6vl\u0259ti \u00e7\u0259tin g\u00fcnl\u0259rini ya\u015fay\u0131rd\u0131. Pyotr \u00f6z h\u00fccumunu Balkanlar \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259n h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irm\u0259k ist\u0259yirdi.Yunan din adamlar\u0131 Pyotra d\u0259st\u0259k olacaqlar\u0131n\u0131 bildirdil\u0259r. 1711 yay\u0131nda 40000 n\u0259f\u0259rlik ordu il\u0259 h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t\u0259 ke\u00e7\u0259n Pyotra g\u00f6zl\u0259diyi yard\u0131mlar g\u0259lm\u0259di.Baltac\u0131 Mehmet Pa\u015fa komandanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndak\u0131 Osman\u0131 ordusuyla qar\u015f\u0131la\u015fan Pyotr g\u00f6zl\u0259nilm\u0259z bir anda Osmanl\u0131 ordusu t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n m\u00fchasir\u0259y\u0259 al\u0131nd\u0131. Osmanl\u0131 ordusunun ba\u015fl\u0131ca h\u0259d\u0259fi ruslar\u0131n Prut \u00e7ay\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259rini k\u0259sm\u0259k idi.M\u00fcharib\u0259nin d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc g\u00fcn\u00fcnd\u0259 Pyotr geri \u00e7\u0259kilm\u0259k q\u0259rar\u0131na g\u0259lir v\u0259 Macar\u0131stan s\u0131\u011f\u0131nma\u011f\u0131 planla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131. 21 iyul 1711-ci ild\u0259 Rusiya v\u0259 Osmanl\u0131 aras\u0131nda Prut m\u00fcqavil\u0259si imzalan\u0131r. Bu m\u00fcqavil\u0259 rus ordusunu a\u011f\u0131r n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n xilas etdi deyil\u0259 bil\u0259rik. M\u00fcqavil\u0259y\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 Azov,Taqanroq,Kamanets-Podolskun Osmanl\u0131ya verilm\u0259si q\u0259rarla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.Bel\u0259likl\u0259 Pyotrun Qara d\u0259niz planlar\u0131 suya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Prut m\u00fcharib\u0259si il\u0259 bir m\u00fcdd\u0259t t\u0259xir\u0259 sal\u0131nan \u015eimal M\u00fcharib\u0259si is\u0259 qald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerd\u0259n davam etdi.M\u00fcharib\u0259 1721-ci il Ni\u015ftadt m\u00fcqavil\u0259si il\u0259 yekunla\u015fd\u0131. M\u00fcqavil\u0259y\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n Rusiyan\u0131n Finlandiyada, \u0130sve\u00e7 Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Litva, Estoniya, Riga, \u0130ngria, Karelia v\u0259 Ladoqa g\u00f6l\u00fc \u0259traf\u0131ndak\u0131 hakimiyy\u0259ti tan\u0131nacaqd\u0131. Bundan sonra is\u0259 art\u0131q Pyotrun Qafqaz s\u0259f\u0259ri ba\u015flayacaqd\u0131. \u018flb\u0259tt\u0259, Osmanl\u0131 il\u0259 Rusiyan\u0131n m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259si Qara d\u0259niz \u0259traf\u0131 il\u0259 birlikd\u0259 Qafqaz b\u00f6lg\u0259sind\u0259 d\u0259 m\u00f6vcud olub. X\u0259z\u0259r d\u0259nizinin q\u0259rb sahill\u0259rinin Rusiya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r \u00f6n\u0259mli oldu\u011funu rus General Rostislav Fadeyev bel\u0259 ifad\u0259 edirdi: «Qara d\u0259nizd\u0259 v\u0259 X\u0259z\u0259r d\u0259nizind\u0259 hakimiyy\u0259t v\u0259 ya \u0259n pis ehtimalla bu d\u0259nizl\u0259rin t\u0259r\u0259fsizliyi, Rusiyan\u0131n Okadan Kr\u0131ma uzanan,imperatorlu\u011fun, h\u0259m insan h\u0259m d\u0259 maddi g\u00fcc m\u0259nas\u0131nda g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn h\u0259r g\u00fcn daha artd\u0131\u011f\u0131 c\u0259nub yar\u0131s\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00f6n\u0259mlidir…\u018fg\u0259r Rusiyan\u0131n \u00fcf\u00fcql\u0259ri Qafqaz\u0131n qarl\u0131 da\u011flar\u0131nda qutarsa,o zaman Asiyan\u0131n q\u0259rb yar\u0131s\u0131 tamamil\u0259 Rusiyan\u0131n t\u0259sir dair\u0259sinin xaricind\u0259 qalar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1721-1722-ci ill\u0259r Rusiya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259razisin\u0259 h\u00fccumun \u0259n do\u011fru zaman\u0131 idi. S\u0259f\u0259vil\u0259r D\u00f6vl\u0259ti art\u0131q ke\u00e7mi\u015f q\u00fcdr\u0259tind\u0259 deyildi. S\u0259f\u0259vi taxt-tac\u0131n\u0131n sahibi \u015eah Sultan H\u00fcseyn d\u00f6vr\u00fc he\u00e7 d\u0259 sabit deyildi. S\u0259lt\u0259n\u0259ti \u0259ld\u0259 saxlamaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn x\u00fcsusi t\u0259rbiy\u0259 almayan \u015eah Sultan H\u00fcseyn d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 S\u0259f\u0259vi-Q\u0131z\u0131lba\u015f d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin idar\u0259etm\u0259 aparat\u0131n\u0131n z\u0259ifl\u0259diyinin \u015fahidi oluruq. Bu d\u00f6vr S\u0259f\u0259vil\u0259rd\u0259 \u00fcsyanlar\u0131n artd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6vr kimi d\u0259 q\u0259bul oluna bil\u0259r. \u00dcsyanlar\u0131n zirv\u0259si is\u0259 1722-ci ild\u0259 \u018ffqanlar\u0131n paytaxt \u0130sfahan\u0131 m\u00fchasir\u0259y\u0259 almas\u0131 il\u0259 ya\u015fand\u0131. 8 aydan \u00e7ox \u00e7\u0259k\u0259n m\u00fchasir\u0259 sonras\u0131nda 1722-ci il 23 noyabrda \u015eah Sultan H\u00fcseyn ail\u0259si il\u0259 \u018ffqanlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 Mir Mahmudun ordugah\u0131na g\u0259l\u0259r\u0259k t\u0259slim oldu. Pyotr \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn is\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259razisin\u0259 y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn \u0259sl vaxt\u0131 idi. Lakin, Pyotrun bundan \u0259vv\u0259l g\u00f6rd\u00fcy\u00fc bir s\u0131ra i\u015fl\u0259r var idi. \u0130lk olaraq \u015eah Sultan H\u00fcseyn t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n ona uzanan k\u00f6m\u0259k \u0259lini geri \u00e7evirmir v\u0259 onunla yax\u0131nla\u015fmaq q\u0259rar\u0131na g\u0259lir.1713-c\u00fc ild\u0259 «dostluq v\u0259 ticar\u0259t m\u00fcqavil\u0259si» ba\u011flamaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn F\u0259zlulla b\u0259y \u015eah Sultan H\u00fcseyn t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n Peterburqa g\u00f6nd\u0259rildi. V\u0259ziyy\u0259t Rusiyan\u0131n lehin\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259yirdi. \u00c7\u00fcnki,Osmanl\u0131 il\u0259 u\u011fursuz m\u00fcqavil\u0259 imzalan\u0131b, Qara d\u0259nizd\u0259n bir m\u00fcdd\u0259tlik imtina edilm\u0259k m\u0259cburiyy\u0259tind\u0259 qal\u0131nm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. B\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fcmidl\u0259r X\u0259z\u0259r d\u0259nizin\u0259 y\u00f6n\u0259lmi\u015fdi. 1714-c\u00fc ild\u0259n ba\u015flayaraq X\u0259z\u0259r d\u0259nizinin \u015f\u0259rq sahill\u0259rini \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Bekovi\u00e7-\u00c7erkasskinin ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 ekspedisiya g\u00f6nd\u0259rilmi\u015fdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u0130kinci<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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Bizim \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00f6n\u0259mli olan q\u0259rb sahill\u0259rini \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn is\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn yax\u0131n adamlar\u0131ndan birini \u2013 Artemi Petrovi\u00e7 Vol\u0131nskini g\u00f6nd\u0259rdi.Vol\u0131nski el\u00e7i qismind\u0259 \u0130sfahana yola d\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc. Lakin Vol\u0131nskiy\u0259 Pyotr t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n gizli tap\u015f\u0131r\u0131q verilmi\u015fdi. Tap\u015f\u0131r\u0131qa \u0259sas\u0259n,Vol\u0131nski karvan yollar\u0131n\u0131,bu yollar boyunca otlaqlar\u0131n olub-olmamas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259li idi. Otlaqlar s\u00fcvari qo\u015funlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00f6n\u0259mli idi. Bundan ba\u015fqa yerli qo\u015funlar\u0131n m\u00fcdafi\u0259 qur\u011fular\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259ziyy\u0259tinin \u00f6yr\u0259nilm\u0259si, xristian \u0259hali il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259 yarad\u0131lmas\u0131, rus ticar\u0259tinin inki\u015faf\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259k i\u015fl\u0259rin t\u0259yini Vol\u0131nskiy\u0259 veril\u0259n tap\u015f\u0131r\u0131qlardan idi. 1715-ci il 30 mayda Vol\u0131nskinin yola d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259siyl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 q\u0259rar verils\u0259 d\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u0259n i\u015fl\u0259rl\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259d\u0259r bu gecikir. Vol\u0131nskinin 1716-c\u0131 il 13 iyulda H\u0259\u015ft\u0259rxandan k\u0259\u015ffiyyat xarakterli y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ba\u015flad\u0131. Burada s\u0259firlik \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f g\u0259mil\u0259r\u0259 min\u0259r\u0259k Niyazabad liman\u0131na yax\u0131nla\u015fd\u0131. Buradan is\u0259 rus tacirl\u0259rinin s\u0131x m\u0259skunla\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015eamax\u0131 \u0259razisin\u0259 ke\u00e7di.\u015eamax\u0131 hakiml\u0259ri t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u0259nt\u0259n\u0259li \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131land\u0131. \u015eamax\u0131da qald\u0131\u011f\u0131 3 ay m\u00fcdd\u0259tind\u0259 gizli m\u0259lumatlar toplad\u0131 v\u0259 \u0259n \u0259sas\u0131 buradak\u0131 rus tacirl\u0259rinin \u015fikay\u0259tl\u0259rini dinl\u0259di. Onlar\u0131n probleml\u0259rin h\u0259ll etdi. Rus tacirl\u0259rin dedikl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259,onlar yerli tacirl\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n s\u0131x\u0131\u015fd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r,mallar\u0131n\u0131 ucuz qiym\u0259t\u0259 al\u0131rd\u0131lar. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259dir ki, Vol\u0131nski \u015eirvan b\u0259yl\u0259rb\u0259yi Keyxosrova m\u0259ktubla m\u00fcraci\u0259t edir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lakin, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u0259n odur ki, Keyxosrov bununla ba\u011fl\u0131 he\u00e7 bir t\u0259dbir g\u00f6rm\u00fcr.Vol\u0131nskinin \u0259sas getm\u0259li oldu\u011fu yer paytaxt \u0130sfahan idi. O, \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259 T\u0259brizd\u0259 bir m\u00fcdd\u0259t qal\u0131r v\u0259 14 mart tarixind\u0259 \u0130sfahana daxil olur.Vol\u0131nski \u0130sfahanda \u015eah Sultan H\u00fcseynin q\u0259bulunda olur, ba\u015f v\u0259zir F\u0259t\u0259li xanla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u0259r ke\u00e7irir. 30 martda S\u0259f\u0259vi-Rusiya d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri aras\u0131nda ticar\u0259t m\u00fcqavil\u0259si imzalan\u0131r. Vol\u0131nski m\u00fcqavil\u0259nin n\u00fcsx\u0259l\u0259rini rus tacirl\u0259r\u0259 paylay\u0131r. Bu m\u00fcqavil\u0259yl\u0259 rus tacirl\u0259rin v\u0259ziyy\u0259tinin yax\u015f\u0131la\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u0259k olar. M\u00fcqavil\u0259y\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n,rus tacirl\u0259r yerli hakiml\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n s\u0131x\u0131\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmayacaqd\u0131, onlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0259r c\u00fcr \u015f\u0259rait yarad\u0131lacaqd\u0131.T\u0259brizd\u0259 oldu\u011fu m\u00fcdd\u0259td\u0259 Vol\u0131nski gizli m\u0259ktublar g\u00f6nd\u0259r\u0259r\u0259k S\u0259f\u0259vi d\u00f6vl\u0259ti haqda laz\u0131mi m\u0259lumatlar \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcrd\u00fc. Vol\u0131nski \u0259sas v\u0259zif\u0259l\u0259rinin bir hiss\u0259sini art\u0131q tamamlam\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Rusiyaya qay\u0131tmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn R\u0259\u015ft\u0259 yollanmaq ordan g\u0259mi il\u0259 H\u0259\u015ft\u0259rxana getm\u0259yi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrd\u00fc. M\u0259qs\u0259di is\u0259, \u00f6yr\u0259nilm\u0259y\u0259n \u0259razil\u0259r haqda m\u0259lumat toplamaq idi. S\u0259f\u0259vi d\u00f6vl\u0259ti art\u0131q m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259nin n\u0259 yerd\u0259 oldu\u011funu anlad\u0131qda Vol\u0131nskinin R\u0259\u015ft\u0259 getm\u0259yin\u0259 icaz\u0259 verm\u0259di. 1717-ci ilin sonunda yenid\u0259n \u015eamax\u0131ya g\u0259l\u0259n Vol\u0131nski buradak\u0131 xristian \u0259hali il\u0259 il\u0259 d\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc. D\u0259rb\u0259ndd\u0259n g\u0259l\u0259n tacirl\u0259rd\u0259n D\u0259rb\u0259nd qalas\u0131n\u0131n plan\u0131n\u0131 \u0259ld\u0259 etdi. Bu, Pyotrun y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f\u00fc \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli idi. Vol\u0131nski dem\u0259k olar ki, ona veril\u0259n tap\u015f\u0131r\u0131qlar\u0131 yerin\u0259 yetirdi. \u00d6yr\u0259n\u0259 bilm\u0259diyi t\u0259k \u0259razi is\u0259 \u015eamax\u0131dan H\u0259\u015ft\u0259rxana q\u0259d\u0259r olan hiss\u0259 idi. Vol\u0131nski bu f\u0259alliy\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n sonra, Pyotr t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n general-adyutant r\u00fctb\u0259sin\u0259 layiq g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1719-cu ild\u0259 Rusiya X\u0259z\u0259r d\u0259nizi sahill\u0259rind\u0259ki f\u0259ailiyy\u0259tini geni\u015fl\u0259ndirdi. Pyotr t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n X\u0259z\u0259r d\u0259nizin\u0259 ekspedisiya g\u00f6nd\u0259rildi. Bu ekspedisiya X\u0259z\u0259r d\u0259nizinin q\u0259rb sahill\u0259rini d\u0259qiqlikl\u0259 x\u0259rit\u0259y\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f,sahil sular\u0131n\u0131n d\u0259rinliyi, d\u0259nizd\u0259ki su ax\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n istiqam\u0259ti,limanlar,sualt\u0131 qayalar \u00f6yr\u0259nilmi\u015fdir. Ekspedisiya \u00fczvl\u0259ri \u0259lav\u0259 olaraq, Nargin, Vulf, Pes\u00e7an\u0131 (Qum) adalar\u0131n\u0131 da t\u0259yin etmi\u015fdil\u0259r. Pyotrun bir ba\u015fqa m\u0259qs\u0259di is\u0259 \u015eamax\u0131da konsulluq a\u00e7maq idi. S\u0259f\u0259vi h\u00f6kum\u0259ti ilk ba\u015fda buna etiraz ets\u0259 d\u0259, rus tacirl\u0259rinin maraqlar\u0131 da n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131naraq \u015eamax\u0131da konsulluq f\u0259aliyy\u0259t\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"tarixd\u0259<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00dcsyanlar\u0131n h\u0259dd\u0259n art\u0131q oldu\u011fu bu m\u00fcdd\u0259td\u0259 \u015eirvandak\u0131 xalq h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131na Hac\u0131 Davud ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q edirdi. 1719-cu ild\u0259ki \u00fcsyan c\u0259hdinin \u015eah ordusu t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131 al\u0131n\u0131r. Bundan sonra,qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na konkret m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259r qoyan Hac\u0131 Davud \u015eirvanda m\u00fcst\u0259qil d\u00f6vl\u0259t yaratmaq ist\u0259yirdi. \u015eamax\u0131. D\u0259rb\u0259nd, Bak\u0131 \u0259razil\u0259rin\u0259 etdiyi y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015fl\u0259r u\u011fursuz olan Hac\u0131 Davud Rusiyaya m\u00fcraci\u0259t etdi. Rusiyadan as\u0131l\u0131 olmayan, m\u00fcst\u0259qil d\u00f6vl\u0259t arzusunda olan Hac\u0131 Davudun h\u0259rbi d\u0259st\u0259k ist\u0259yi q\u0259bul olunmad\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnki Rusiya bu torpaqlar\u0131 \u00f6z \u0259razisin\u0259 qatmaq d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259sind\u0259 idi. Pyotr \u015eaha k\u00f6m\u0259k ad\u0131 il\u0259 \u015eirvana ordu yeritm\u0259k q\u0259rar\u0131na g\u0259ldi. Halbuki,\u0259sas m\u0259qs\u0259d bu \u0259razil\u0259ri \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irm\u0259k idi. Rusiyan\u0131n m\u0259nfi m\u00fcnasib\u0259tin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 Hac\u0131 Davud Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259tin\u0259 m\u00fcraci\u0259t edir v\u0259 onlar\u0131n himay\u0259sini q\u0259bul ed\u0259c\u0259yini bildirir. Osmanl\u0131 vaxt itirm\u0259d\u0259n Hac\u0131 Davudla \u0259laq\u0259y\u0259 ke\u00e7ir. Rusiyan\u0131n regionda m\u00f6hk\u0259ml\u0259nm\u0259yini ist\u0259m\u0259y\u0259n Osmanl\u0131 tez h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t\u0259 ke\u00e7m\u0259li idi. Osmanl\u0131dan m\u00fcsb\u0259t cavab alan Hac\u0131 Davud m\u00fcst\u0259qil \u015eirvan Xanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n hakimi olur. Osmanl\u0131 il\u0259, Hac\u0131 Davudun \u0259laq\u0259si Rusiyaya m\u0259nfi t\u0259sir edirdi. \u015e\u0259rq ticar\u0259ti v\u0259 c\u0259nub s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259ri Osmanl\u0131 t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259si il\u0259 \u00fcz-\u00fcz\u0259 idi. Pyotr t\u0259l\u0259s\u0259m\u0259li idi. 1723-c\u00fc il\u0259 planla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lan y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f 1 il qaba\u011fa \u00e7\u0259kildi. 1722-ci il \u015eah Sultan H\u00fcseynin \u0259fqanlar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n qa\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 Peterburqda b\u00f6y\u00fck qorxu oyand\u0131rd\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnki,bundan istifad\u0259 ed\u0259n Osmanl\u0131 X\u0259z\u0259r sahill\u0259rini \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7ir\u0259 bil\u0259rdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pyotr \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t\u0259 ke\u00e7m\u0259k vaxt\u0131 idi.Y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f\u0259 ba\u015falamazdan \u0259vv\u0259l, Pyotr \u00f6z \u0259sas m\u0259qs\u0259dini \u00f6rt-basd\u0131r etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Manifest yay\u0131mlama\u011f\u0131 q\u0259rara al\u0131r. Bel\u0259 bir tap\u015f\u0131r\u0131\u011f t\u00fcrk-(az\u0259rbaycan), \u0259r\u0259b,f ars dill\u0259rini s\u0259lis bil\u0259n, I Pyotr m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259sind\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n Kantemir\u0259 verildi. Rusiya Xarici Siyas\u0259t Arxivind\u0259ki ara\u015fd\u0131rmalara \u0259sas\u0259n Manifestin yaln\u0131z t\u00fcrk (az\u0259rbaycan) dilind\u0259 yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinir. Manifest Rusiyan\u0131n regiondak\u0131 geosiyasi maraqlar\u0131n\u0131 ehtiva edirdi. Hac\u0131 Davud \u00fcsyan\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda rus tacirl\u0259r \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, onlar\u0131n \u0259mlaklar\u0131 talan edilmi\u015fdi. Bununla, Pyotr \u00f6z y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn z\u0259ruri oldu\u011funu, b\u00f6lg\u0259y\u0259 \u0259min-amanl\u0131q g\u0259tir\u0259c\u0259yini bildirirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bel\u0259likl\u0259, Pyotr 1722-ci il 18 iyunda H\u0259\u015ft\u0259rxan istiqam\u0259tind\u0259n h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t\u0259 ke\u00e7di. D\u0259rb\u0259nd\u0259 do\u011fru h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t etdikd\u0259 Kabardiya knyazlar\u0131ndan Murza \u00c7\u0259rk\u0259zki v\u0259 Aslan-Bek \u00f6z qo\u015funlar\u0131 il\u0259 Pyotra d\u0259st\u0259k oldular. Pyotr D\u0259rb\u0259nd istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 alt\u0131 k\u0259ndi yand\u0131rd\u0131. Burada m\u0259qs\u0259d,\u0259halid\u0259 qorxu yaratmaq idi. 15 iyul 1722-ci ild\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulan Manifest \u00e7ap edildi. Manifest, rus ordusunun h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259ti istiqam\u0259tind\u0259ki b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259rildi. \u00d6z var-d\u00f6vl\u0259tini qorumaq ist\u0259y\u0259n b\u0259zi feodallar Manifesti m\u00fcsb\u0259t qar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131. Bu s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n dolay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u0259 bil\u0259rik ki, Pyotr 23 avqustda he\u00e7 bir m\u00fcqavim\u0259t\u0259 rast g\u0259lm\u0259d\u0259n D\u0259rb\u0259nd\u0259 daxil oldu. \u015e\u0259h\u0259r naibi \u0130mamqulu \u00f6z v\u0259zif\u0259sind\u0259 qalmaq \u015f\u0259rti il\u0259 Pyotra D\u0259rb\u0259nd qalas\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7arlar\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259qdim etdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u018flb\u0259tt\u0259, Pyotrun D\u0259rb\u0259ndd\u0259 oldu\u011fu m\u00fcdd\u0259td\u0259 ona qar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131xanlar, h\u0259tta suiq\u0259st t\u0259\u015fkil ed\u0259nl\u0259r d\u0259 var idi. Lakin rus ordusu bunlar\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rus ordular\u0131n\u0131n X\u0259z\u0259r sahill\u0259rin\u0259 y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f\u00fc birm\u0259nal\u0131 qar\u015f\u0131lanmad\u0131. \u015eirvan \u00fcsyan\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 Bak\u0131 h\u00fccumlara m\u0259ruz qalm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. M\u0259hz bu s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n, b\u0259zi tacirl\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n Pyotra m\u0259ktublar g\u00f6nd\u0259rildi. Pyotr m\u0259kublara cavab olaraq Bak\u0131ya y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f q\u0259rar\u0131 ald\u0131. Y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015fd\u0259n \u0259vv\u0259l, Bak\u0131 xan\u0131na x\u0259b\u0259rdarl\u0131q edildi. Pyotrun Bak\u0131ya y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131xan M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259dh\u00fcseyn xan ruslar\u0131 \u015f\u0259h\u0259r\u0259 buraxmama\u011f\u0131 q\u0259rara ald\u0131. Avqustun 30-da h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t\u0259 ke\u00e7\u0259n Pyotr u\u011fursuzluqla qar\u015f\u0131la\u015fd\u0131. X\u0259z\u0259r d\u0259nizind\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xan f\u0131rt\u0131na rus ordusunun b\u00fct\u00fcn t\u0259dar\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc pozdu. Rus silah-sursat\u0131n\u0131, \u0259rzaqlar\u0131n\u0131 da\u015f\u0131yan g\u0259mil\u0259r X\u0259z\u0259r d\u0259nizind\u0259 batd\u0131. Bundan ba\u015fqa, Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n da Pyotrun X\u0259z\u0259rsahili \u0259razil\u0259r\u0259 y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f\u00fc q\u0259ti etirazlara s\u0259b\u0259b oldu. Bak\u0131 v\u0259 \u015eirvan\u0131 \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7ir\u0259 bilm\u0259y\u0259n Pyotr geri qay\u0131d\u0131r. Yunker ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda qarnizonu is\u0259 burda saxlad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Rus-T\u00fcrk<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hac\u0131 Davud Osmanl\u0131dan g\u00f6zl\u0259diyi d\u0259st\u0259yi ald\u0131. Amma Pyotr \u0130stanbuldak\u0131 s\u0259firi \u0130van Neplyuyev\u0259 bildirmi\u015fdi ki, Hac\u0131 Davudun Osmanl\u0131 himay\u0259sin\u0259 ke\u00e7m\u0259yin\u0259 mane olsun. G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u0259n odur ki, Neplyuyev he\u00e7 d\u0259 u\u011furlu olmay\u0131b. Sultan III \u018fhm\u0259din (1703-1730) Hac\u0131 Davuda g\u00f6nd\u0259rdiyi x\u0259tti-\u015f\u0259rifd\u0259 ona xan titulu verilir v\u0259 \u015eirvan v\u0259 Da\u011f\u0131stan hakimi qismind\u0259 Osmanl\u0131 himay\u0259sin\u0259 q\u0259bul olunurdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pyotrun y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u0259 ilk ba\u015fda n\u0259z\u0259r salsaq,u\u011fursuz oldu\u011funu dey\u0259 bil\u0259rik. Amma, Pyotr he\u00e7 d\u0259 bel\u0259 fikirl\u0259\u015fmirdi. Onun fikrinc\u0259, S\u0259f\u0259vi torpaqlar\u0131ndan bir par\u00e7a almaq bel\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck q\u0259nim\u0259t idi. Pyotr \u00f6z\u00fc Peterburqa qay\u0131tsa da, Mixail Matyu\u015fkin\u0259 tap\u015f\u0131rd\u0131 ki, Bak\u0131 qalas\u0131n\u0131 als\u0131n. Bundan sonra, c\u0259nuba do\u011fru h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t etm\u0259li v\u0259 K\u00fcr\u00fcn sa\u011f sahilind\u0259 qala in\u015fa etm\u0259li idi. Bu \u0259r\u0259f\u0259d\u0259 \u0259fqanlar \u0130sfahan\u0131 m\u00fchasir\u0259y\u0259 ald\u0131. \u018ffqanlar\u0131n Gilan\u0131 z\u0259bt etm\u0259k fikirl\u0259ri var idi. Pyotrun da bel\u0259 bir ist\u0259yi oldu\u011fu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn,d\u0259rhal g\u0259mil\u0259rl\u0259 Gilana h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t q\u0259rara ald\u0131. 1722-ci ilin dekabr ay\u0131nda rus polkovnik \u015eipov ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndak\u0131 eskadra R\u0259\u015fti z\u0259bt etdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130sfahan \u0259fqanlar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n m\u00fchasir\u0259 oldu\u011fu vaxt \u015eah Sultan H\u00fcseynin o\u011flu II T\u0259hmasib ad\u0131 il\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc \u015fah elan etdi. \u015eah Sultan H\u00fcseyn m\u00fchasir\u0259 vaxt\u0131 \u0130smay\u0131l b\u0259yi h\u0259rbi yard\u0131m almaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Rusiyaya g\u00f6nd\u0259rdi. T\u0259hmasib d\u0259 \u015fah elan edildikd\u0259n sonra \u0130smay\u0131l b\u0259yin missiyas\u0131n\u0131 tamamlama\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ist\u0259di. Amma R\u0259\u015ftin \u015eipov t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n tutuldu\u011funu e\u015fitdikd\u0259 o buna qar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131. \u0130smay\u0131l b\u0259yl\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259 yaratmaq m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131. \u0130smay\u0131l B\u0259y he\u00e7 n\u0259d\u0259n x\u0259b\u0259rsiz Rusiyaya yolland\u0131.1723-c\u00fc ild\u0259 imzalanan Peterburq M\u00fcqavil\u0259sin\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n, Rusiyan\u0131n i\u015f\u011fal etdiyi \u0259razil\u0259r g\u00fcz\u0259\u015ft\u0259 gedilir. D\u0259rb\u0259nd, Bak\u0131, Gilan, Mazandaran Rusiyaya ilhaq edilirdi. Lakin m\u00fcqavil\u0259 \u015eah II T\u0259hmasib t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u0259sdiql\u0259nmir. S\u0259b\u0259b olaraq da bildirilir ki, \u0130smay\u0131l b\u0259y\u0259 bu s\u0259lahiyy\u0259tl\u0259r verilm\u0259yib.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rusiyan\u0131n aktiv f\u0259aliyy\u0259tind\u0259n narahat olan Osmanl\u0131 is\u0259 vaxt itirm\u0259d\u0259n C\u0259nubi Qafqaza daxil oldu v\u0259 Tiflis \u0259razisini i\u015f\u011fal etdi. Pyotr is\u0259 bu vaxt Matyu\u015fkind\u0259n tez bir zamanda Bak\u0131n\u0131 i\u015f\u011fal etm\u0259sini t\u0259l\u0259b etdi. 1723-c\u00fc il 21 iyulda Matyu\u015fkin Bak\u0131ya daxil olur. \u015e\u0259h\u0259r hakiml\u0259ri ba\u015f ver\u0259c\u0259k a\u011f\u0131r t\u0259l\u0259fat\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 almaq ist\u0259yirdi v\u0259 t\u0259slim olmaq q\u0259rar\u0131na g\u0259lirl\u0259r.Bak\u0131da komendantl\u0131q idar\u0259si t\u0259yin olunur.\u0130lk Bak\u0131 komendantl\u0131\u011f\u0131na knyaz Aleksandr Baryatinski g\u0259tirilir. Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n X\u0259z\u0259rboyu sahill\u0259ri Rusiya t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n i\u015f\u011fal edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Rus-\u0130ran<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n q\u0259rbi Osmanl\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n, \u015f\u0259rqi is\u0259 Rusiya t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n i\u015f\u011fal edilm\u0259si iki \u00f6lk \u0259aras\u0131nda m\u00fcharib\u0259y\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b ola bil\u0259rdi. Osmanl\u0131 X\u0259z\u0259rboyu \u0259razil\u0259r\u0259 h\u00fccum etm\u0259yi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrd\u00fc. M\u00fcharib\u0259 haqq\u0131nda fikirl\u0259\u015fm\u0259y\u0259n Rusiya m\u00fcqavil\u0259 ba\u011flamaq q\u0259rar\u0131na g\u0259lir. B\u0259zi m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 m\u00fcqavil\u0259nin Frans\u0131z el\u00e7i Marquis de Bonnac t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u0259klif olundu\u011fu s\u00f6yl\u0259nilir. 23 iyun (b\u0259zi m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 12 iyul) 1724-c\u00fc ild\u0259 \u0130stanbulda Rusiya v\u0259 Osmanl\u0131 aras\u0131nda m\u00fcqavil\u0259 imzalan\u0131r. M\u00fcqavil\u0259 il\u0259 Rusiya v\u0259 Osmanl\u0131 aralar\u0131ndak\u0131 g\u0259rgin m\u00fcbariz\u0259y\u0259 bir m\u00fcdd\u0259tlik son verirl\u0259r. M\u00fcqavil\u0259y\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n, G\u0259nc\u0259, Nax\u00e7\u0131van, Xoy, \u0130r\u0259van, M\u0259r\u0259nd, Salmas, Kirman\u015fah, N\u0259hav\u0259nd, H\u0259m\u0259dan \u0259razil\u0259ri Osmanl\u0131ya verilir. X\u0259z\u0259rboyu \u0259razil\u0259r is\u0259 Rusiyaya g\u00fcz\u0259\u015ft\u0259 gedilir. M\u00fcqavil\u0259y\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n \u015eirvanda qo\u015fun saxlama\u011fa ixtiyar\u0131 yox idi. M\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259l\u0259r ba\u015f verdikd\u0259 sultan bura yaln\u0131z Rusiyan\u0131n raz\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 qo\u015fun \u00e7\u0259k\u0259 bil\u0259rdi. \u0130stanbul m\u00fcqavil\u0259sin\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n \u015eirvan Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n himay\u0259si alt\u0131nda yar\u0131mm\u00fcst\u0259qil xanl\u0131q elan olunurdu. Art\u0131q bu zaman yerli \u0259hali aras\u0131nda m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n n\u00fcfuz qazanm\u0131\u015f Hac\u0131 Davud Osmanl\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259f\u0131nd\u0259n \u015eirvan xan\u0131 kimi t\u0259sdiq edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"RUS\u0130YA-\u0130RAN<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259, Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259razisi S\u0259f\u0259vil\u0259rin z\u0259ifl\u0259diyi bir d\u00f6vrd\u0259 Rusiya v\u0259 Osmanl\u0131 aras\u0131nda b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Pyotr Qara d\u0259nizd\u0259 \u0259ld\u0259 ed\u0259 bilm\u0259diyi u\u011furu X\u0259z\u0259r d\u0259nizind\u0259 \u0259ld\u0259 etdi. Lakin bu u\u011fur uzun \u00e7\u0259km\u0259y\u0259c\u0259kdi. T\u0259xmin\u0259n 10 il sonra, tarix s\u0259hif\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 \u00f6z ad\u0131n\u0131 q\u0131z\u0131l h\u0259rfl\u0259rl\u0259 yazd\u0131ran \u015e\u0259rqin son fatehi-Nadir \u015eah \u018ff\u015far h\u0259m Osmanl\u0131n\u0131, h\u0259m d\u0259 Rusiyan\u0131 bu \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xardacaq v\u0259 yenid\u0259n Az\u0259rbaycan torpaqlar\u0131n\u0131 vahid d\u00f6vl\u0259t hal\u0131nda birl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259c\u0259kdi…<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130stifad\u0259 olunan m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259r:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n


1.Geoffrey Hosking\u201dRusya ve Ruslar,Erken D\u00f6nemden 21. Y\u00fczy\u0131la\u201d,\u0130stanbul-2011 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.Kezban Acar\u201dOrta\u00e7a\u011fdan Sovyet Devrimine Rusya\u201d, 2017-\u0130stanbul 3.Ceyhun Bayraml\u0131, V\u00fcqar Zif\u0259ro\u011flu\u201dAz\u0259rbaycanl\u0131 h\u00f6kmdarlar:S\u0259f\u0259vil\u0259r\u201d,Bak\u0131-2015 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.TDV \u0130slam Ansiklopedisi <\/p>\n\n\n\n

5.Az\u0259rbaycan Tarixi 7 cildd\u0259- III cild.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6.\u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u044d\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0438\u044f-\u041f\u0415\u0420\u0421\u0418\u0414\u0421\u041a\u0418\u0419 \u041f\u041e\u0425\u041e\u0414 1722-23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a07.Wikipedia.org<\/a>\u00a08.http:\/\/1905.az\/\u2026\/\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0442-\u043f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430-i-\u043e\u0442-15-\u0438\u044e\u043b\u044f-1722-\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430-\u043a-\u0436\u2026\/<\/a>#<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

*Nihad N\u0259sirzad\u0259\u0130stanbul \u00dcniversiteti Tarix fak\u00fclt\u0259si 1696-c\u0131 ild\u0259 \u00c7ar Rusiyas\u0131n\u0131n taleyini d\u0259yi\u015f\u0259n I Pyotr V \u0130van\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnd\u0259n sonra b\u00fct\u00fcn iqtidar\u0131 \u0259l\u0259 ald\u0131 v\u0259 29 illik<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4876,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4875","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tarix"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4875","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4875"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4875\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4877,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4875\/revisions\/4877"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/4876"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4875"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4875"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4875"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}