{"id":49432,"date":"2021-09-26T02:59:08","date_gmt":"2021-09-25T22:59:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=49432"},"modified":"2021-09-26T02:59:43","modified_gmt":"2021-09-25T22:59:43","slug":"turk-ordularinin-q%c9%99l%c9%99b%c9%99l%c9%99rinin-bir-sirri-suvari-oxcular","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=49432","title":{"rendered":"T\u00dcRK ORDULARININ Q\u018fL\u018fB\u018fL\u018fR\u0130N\u0130N B\u0130R S\u0130RR\u0130 \u2013 S\u00dcVAR\u0130 OX\u00c7ULAR"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>M\u00fcasir t\u00fcrk tarix\u00e7isi Tufan G\u00fcnd\u00fcz Osmanl\u0131 imperiyas\u0131 il\u0259 m\u00fcharib\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 S\u0259f\u0259vil\u0259rin b\u0259zi u\u011fursuzluqlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259b\u0259bini q\u0131z\u0131lba\u015f ordusu d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259rinin say\u0131n\u0131n azl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Osmanl\u0131 m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, S\u0259f\u0259vil\u0259rin \u0259n g\u00fccl\u00fc vaxtlar\u0131nda bu d\u00f6vl\u0259tin ordusu t\u0259xmin\u0259n 50.000 d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00e7\u00fcd\u0259n ibar\u0259t olmu\u015fdur. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u00fcqayis\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn qeyd ed\u0259k ki, XVI \u0259srin I yar\u0131s\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 ordusunda t\u0259kc\u0259 yeni\u00e7\u0259ril\u0259rin say\u0131 20.000-d\u0259n \u00e7ox idi. D\u00fczd\u00fcr, \u015eah I Abbas S\u0259f\u0259vinin diplomatik missiya il\u0259 \u0130spaniyaya g\u00f6nd\u0259rdiyi Oruc b\u0259y Bayat (1560\u20131604) yaz\u0131r ki, \u201c\u015eah ist\u0259s\u0259, asanl\u0131qla 200.000 n\u0259f\u0259rlik ordu y\u0131\u011fa bil\u0259r\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"168\" src=\"https:\/\/fedai.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/\u0411\u0435\u0437-\u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f-3-7.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"49434\" data-link=\"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?attachment_id=49434\" class=\"wp-image-49434\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fedai.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/\u0411\u0435\u0437-\u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f-3-7.jpg 300w, https:\/\/fedai.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/\u0411\u0435\u0437-\u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f-3-7-150x84.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"245\" height=\"206\" src=\"https:\/\/fedai.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/\u0411\u0435\u0437-\u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f-4-6.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"49435\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/fedai.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/\u0411\u0435\u0437-\u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f-4-6.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?attachment_id=49435\" class=\"wp-image-49435\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fedai.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/\u0411\u0435\u0437-\u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f-4-6.jpg 245w, https:\/\/fedai.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/\u0411\u0435\u0437-\u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f-4-6-150x126.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 245px) 100vw, 245px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Amma g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr, bu, yaln\u0131z m\u00fcst\u0259sna hallarda m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olurdu. Bel\u0259 ki, Oruc b\u0259y \u00f6z\u00fc t\u0259svir etdiyi d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fl\u0259rin \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259tind\u0259 osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n canl\u0131 q\u00fcvv\u0259 sar\u0131dan xeyli \u00fcst\u00fcn oldu\u011funu vur\u011fulam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Oruc b\u0259y Bayat\u0131n kitab\u0131nda diqq\u0259timizi c\u0259lb ed\u0259n dig\u0259r maraql\u0131 detal odur ki, q\u0131z\u0131lba\u015f ordusu \u0259sas\u0259n s\u00fcvaril\u0259rd\u0259n ibar\u0259t olmu\u015fdur. Bunu n\u0259 il\u0259 izah etm\u0259k olar? Bu suala cavab verm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn q\u0259dim v\u0259 orta \u0259sr t\u00fcrkl\u0259rinin ordu sistemini n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259n ke\u00e7irm\u0259liyik. T\u00fcrk ordular\u0131 \u0259sas\u0259n s\u00fcvari b\u00f6l\u00fckl\u0259rind\u0259n t\u0259\u015fkil olunurdu. Bunun da \u00f6z s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259ri vard\u0131. \u018fvv\u0259la, t\u00fcrk xalqlar\u0131nda at\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q \u00e7ox inki\u015faf etmi\u015fdi. T\u00fcrkl\u0259r atlarla \u00e7ox g\u00f6z\u0259l r\u0259ftar edirdil\u0259r. At\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q, faktiki olaraq, s\u0131rf onlara aid bir sah\u0259 idi. Dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n is\u0259, t\u00fcrkl\u0259r at \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u0259 d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f s\u0259n\u0259tin\u0259, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n, \u00e7apa-\u00e7apa oxatma bacar\u0131\u011f\u0131na m\u00fck\u0259mm\u0259l yiy\u0259l\u0259nmi\u015fdil\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ke\u00e7mi\u015fd\u0259 h\u0259rbi \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar zaman\u0131 at \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u0259n ox atman\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 \u00fcsulu olmu\u015fdur. Oturaq xalqlar\u0131n ordular\u0131 bunlardan ikisini t\u0259tbiq edirdil\u0259r. Birinci halda d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00e7\u00fc at\u0131 saxlay\u0131b tam h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tsiz v\u0259ziyy\u0259t\u0259 g\u0259tirdikd\u0259n sonra yay\u0131 \u00e7\u0259kib, oxu at\u0131rd\u0131. B\u0259z\u0259n onun yolda\u015f\u0131 at\u0131n y\u00fcy\u0259nind\u0259n tutub saxlay\u0131r, bununla at\u0131n h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tsizliyini, at\u0131\u015f\u0131n d\u0259qiqliyini t\u0259min etm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. \u0130kinci halda is\u0259 s\u00fcvari b\u00f6l\u00fcy\u00fc \u00e7aparaq d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259n\u0259 yax\u0131nla\u015f\u0131r v\u0259 onu ox ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131na tuturdu. Z\u0259nnimizc\u0259, nadir hallarda istifad\u0259 edil\u0259n bu \u00fcsul qar\u015f\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n psixoloji g\u0259rginlik yaratsa da, onun effektlilik faizi \u00e7ox a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 olurdu. At\u0131lan oxlar\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti h\u0259d\u0259f\u0259 d\u0259ymirdi. \u00c7\u00fcnki \u0259sl\u0259n \u00e7\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc olmayan xalqlar s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t ed\u0259n at\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u0259n, y\u0259ni qeyri-stabil v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259n s\u0259rrast oxatman\u0131n sirrin\u0259 b\u0259l\u0259d deyildil\u0259r. Bu q\u00fcsuru qism\u0259n d\u0259 olsa aradan qald\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn assuriyal\u0131lar, romal\u0131lar, bizansl\u0131lar \u00e7\u00f6l xalqlar\u0131n\u0131 \u2013 skifl\u0259ri, hunlar\u0131 v\u0259 t\u00fcrkl\u0259ri muzdla \u00f6z ordular\u0131na c\u0259lb etm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131lar. XI\u2013XIII \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 s\u0259lib\u00e7il\u0259r xristianl\u0131\u011f\u0131 q\u0259bul etmi\u015f t\u00fcrkl\u0259rd\u0259n \u201cTurkopole\u201d adl\u0131 s\u00fcvari ox\u00e7u birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259sini yaratm\u0131\u015fd\u0131lar. M\u00fcs\u0259lman t\u00fcrkl\u0259r, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr, daha t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259li r\u0259qib hesab etdikl\u0259ri t\u00fcrk\u0259pollar\u0131 \u0259sir alan kimi edam edirdil\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-2 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"183\" height=\"276\" src=\"https:\/\/fedai.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/\u0411\u0435\u0437-\u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f-5-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"49436\" data-link=\"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?attachment_id=49436\" class=\"wp-image-49436\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fedai.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/\u0411\u0435\u0437-\u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f-5-3.jpg 183w, https:\/\/fedai.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/\u0411\u0435\u0437-\u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f-5-3-99x150.jpg 99w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 183px) 100vw, 183px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"933\" src=\"https:\/\/fedai.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Polo_game_from_poem_Guy_u_Chawgan.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"49437\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/fedai.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Polo_game_from_poem_Guy_u_Chawgan.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?attachment_id=49437\" class=\"wp-image-49437\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fedai.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Polo_game_from_poem_Guy_u_Chawgan.jpg 600w, https:\/\/fedai.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Polo_game_from_poem_Guy_u_Chawgan-193x300.jpg 193w, https:\/\/fedai.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Polo_game_from_poem_Guy_u_Chawgan-96x150.jpg 96w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Kimmerl\u0259r, sakalar, midiyal\u0131lar, q\u0259dim parslar, parfiyal\u0131lar, barsill\u0259r, sarmatlar, alanlar, hunlar, t\u00fcrkl\u0259r, macarlar, monqollar v\u0259 dig\u0259r \u00e7\u00f6l xalqlar\u0131 \u00e7apa-\u00e7apa kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r s\u0259rrast ox at\u0131rd\u0131lar. H\u0259min xalqlar\u0131n q\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259rinin \u0259sas s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rind\u0259n biri d\u0259 onlar\u0131n bu d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f m\u0259har\u0259ti idi.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f s\u0259n\u0259ti haqq\u0131nda bir q\u0259d\u0259r \u0259trafl\u0131 dan\u0131\u015faq&#8230; Yuxar\u0131da qeyd etdiyimiz kimi, s\u00fcvaril\u0259rin \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti \u00e7apa-\u00e7apa ox ata bil\u0259r. Amma m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 sad\u0259c\u0259 ox atmaqda deyil, at\u0131\u015f\u0131n d\u0259qiqliyind\u0259 v\u0259 s\u00fcr\u0259tind\u0259dir. Odlu silah geni\u015f yay\u0131ld\u0131qdan sonra unudulmu\u015f bu d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f n\u00f6v\u00fcn\u00fc Avropada yenid\u0259n b\u0259rpa etmi\u015f macar idman\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 Ka\u015fai Layo\u015f deyir: \u201cBir ne\u00e7\u0259 il a\u011f\u0131r v\u0259 g\u0259rgin m\u0259\u015fq etdikd\u0259n sonra q\u0259dim t\u00fcrkl\u0259r kimi \u00e7apa-\u00e7apa alt\u0131 saniy\u0259d\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7 ox at\u0131rd\u0131m. Lakin d\u0259qiqlikd\u0259n s\u00f6hb\u0259t bel\u0259 getmirdi. At\u0131lan oxlar\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti h\u0259d\u0259f\u0259 d\u0259ymirdi. S\u0259rrast at\u0131\u015f\u0131n sirrini a\u00e7maq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fcxt\u0259lif eksperimentl\u0259r ke\u00e7irirdim. H\u0259tta kamana lazer ni\u015fangah\u0131 da birl\u0259\u015fdirdim. Amma he\u00e7 bir n\u0259tic\u0259 \u0259ld\u0259 ed\u0259 bilmirdim. Buna baxmayaraq ruhdan d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259dim, t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259l\u0259ri davam etdirdim v\u0259 bird\u0259n m\u0259n\u0259 agah oldu ki, oxu at\u0131n n\u00f6vb\u0259ti s\u0131\u00e7ray\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan sonra, ayaqlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6rd\u00fc d\u0259 havada olark\u0259n atmaq laz\u0131md\u0131r. Stabillik yaln\u0131z h\u0259min anda yaran\u0131r. Lakin bu an saniy\u0259nin \u00e7ox ki\u00e7ik bir hiss\u0259sidir. Beynin at\u0131\u015f \u0259mri verm\u0259y\u0259 vaxt\u0131 qalm\u0131r. H\u0259min anda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u0259k olmaz, t\u0259l\u0259b edil\u0259n yaln\u0131z h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tdir. Bunun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u015f\u00fcuru s\u00f6nd\u00fcrm\u0259k v\u0259 intuisiyaya arxalanmaq laz\u0131md\u0131r. Kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259 v\u0259 bu t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259nin verdiyi informasiya olmadan bel\u0259 bir bacar\u0131\u011fa yiy\u0259l\u0259nm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyil. Beyin h\u0259min informasiyan\u0131 emal ed\u0259r\u0259k intuisiyan\u0131 (buna s\u00fcr\u0259tli d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259 d\u0259 dem\u0259k olar) g\u00fccl\u0259ndirir\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Buradan bel\u0259 bir n\u0259tic\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xarmaq olar ki, q\u0131z\u0131lba\u015flar\u0131n m\u0259hz bu d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f m\u0259har\u0259tini n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alan S\u0259f\u0259vi s\u0259rk\u0259rd\u0259l\u0259ri orduda s\u00fcvari b\u00f6l\u00fckl\u0259rin\u0259 daha \u00e7ox \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck verirdil\u0259r.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">M\u00fc\u0259llif: Milli Kimlik Ara\u015fd\u0131rmalar\u0131 Qrupunun \u00fczv\u00fc Araz \u015e\u0259hrili<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>M\u00fcasir t\u00fcrk tarix\u00e7isi Tufan G\u00fcnd\u00fcz Osmanl\u0131 imperiyas\u0131 il\u0259 m\u00fcharib\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 S\u0259f\u0259vil\u0259rin b\u0259zi u\u011fursuzluqlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259b\u0259bini q\u0131z\u0131lba\u015f ordusu d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259rinin say\u0131n\u0131n azl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Osmanl\u0131 m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, S\u0259f\u0259vil\u0259rin \u0259n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":49439,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-49432","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kos"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49432","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=49432"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49432\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":49438,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49432\/revisions\/49438"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/49439"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=49432"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=49432"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=49432"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}