{"id":50208,"date":"2021-10-04T02:03:59","date_gmt":"2021-10-03T22:03:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=50208"},"modified":"2021-10-04T02:04:02","modified_gmt":"2021-10-03T22:04:02","slug":"s%c9%99f%c9%99vi-suvaril%c9%99ri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=50208","title":{"rendered":"S\u018fF\u018fV\u0130 S\u00dcVAR\u0130L\u018fR\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>S\u0259f\u0259vi ordusunun \u0259sas z\u0259rb\u0259 q\u00fcvv\u0259sini s\u00fcvaril\u0259r t\u0259\u015fkil edirdil\u0259r. Qo\u015fun y\u00fcng\u00fcl (ox\u00e7ular) v\u0259 a\u011f\u0131r (c\u0259ngav\u0259rl\u0259r) s\u00fcvari b\u00f6l\u00fckl\u0259rind\u0259n ibar\u0259t idi. Orduda piyadalar\u0131n rolu o q\u0259d\u0259r d\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli deyildi. Bu bax\u0131mdan S\u0259f\u0259vi ordusunun qurulu\u015fu A\u011fqoyunlu d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin qo\u015fun sistemind\u0259n dem\u0259k olar ki, f\u0259rql\u0259nmirdi.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1568-ci ild\u0259 S\u0259f\u0259vil\u0259rin saray\u0131nda olmu\u015f C.Vekyetti hesab edirdi ki, \u201c\u015eah sava\u015f meydan\u0131na 60.000 n\u0259f\u0259rd\u0259n art\u0131q d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00e7\u00fc \u00e7\u0131xara bilm\u0259z\u201d. S\u0259f\u0259vi tarixinin \u0259n ciddi ara\u015fd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri olan t\u00fcrkiy\u0259li professor Tufan G\u00fcnd\u00fcz d\u0259 eyni fikird\u0259dir. O, S\u0259f\u0259vil\u0259rin Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259ti il\u0259 m\u00fcharib\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 b\u0259zi u\u011fursuzluqlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259b\u0259bini osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n canl\u0131 q\u00fcvv\u0259 sar\u0131dan b\u00f6y\u00fck \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fcy\u0259 malik olmalar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Dig\u0259r s\u0259b\u0259b is\u0259, s\u00f6zs\u00fcz ki, odlu silahlar\u0131n yay\u0131lma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 daha \u00e7ox t\u0259tbiq olundu\u011fu bir \u015f\u0259raitd\u0259 piyada hiss\u0259l\u0259rinin t\u0259\u015fkili prosesinin yubad\u0131lmas\u0131 idi. Bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259y\u0259 ayd\u0131nl\u0131q g\u0259tirm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015faq:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-3 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"325\" src=\"https:\/\/fedai.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/250px-1541-Battle_in_the_war_between_Shah_Ismail_and_the_King_of_Shirvan-Shahnama-i-Ismail.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"50209\" data-link=\"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?attachment_id=50209\" class=\"wp-image-50209\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fedai.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/250px-1541-Battle_in_the_war_between_Shah_Ismail_and_the_King_of_Shirvan-Shahnama-i-Ismail.jpg 250w, https:\/\/fedai.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/250px-1541-Battle_in_the_war_between_Shah_Ismail_and_the_King_of_Shirvan-Shahnama-i-Ismail-231x300.jpg 231w, https:\/\/fedai.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/250px-1541-Battle_in_the_war_between_Shah_Ismail_and_the_King_of_Shirvan-Shahnama-i-Ismail-115x150.jpg 115w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"638\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/fedai.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Sah_Ismayil_v\u0259_qizilbaslarin_Kur_cayini_kecm\u0259si-638x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"50210\" data-link=\"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?attachment_id=50210\" class=\"wp-image-50210\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fedai.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Sah_Ismayil_v\u0259_qizilbaslarin_Kur_cayini_kecm\u0259si-638x1024.jpg 638w, https:\/\/fedai.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Sah_Ismayil_v\u0259_qizilbaslarin_Kur_cayini_kecm\u0259si-187x300.jpg 187w, https:\/\/fedai.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Sah_Ismayil_v\u0259_qizilbaslarin_Kur_cayini_kecm\u0259si-93x150.jpg 93w, https:\/\/fedai.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Sah_Ismayil_v\u0259_qizilbaslarin_Kur_cayini_kecm\u0259si.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 638px) 100vw, 638px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"180\" height=\"279\" src=\"https:\/\/fedai.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/\u0411\u0435\u0437-\u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f-3-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"50211\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/fedai.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/\u0411\u0435\u0437-\u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f-3-1.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?attachment_id=50211\" class=\"wp-image-50211\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fedai.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/\u0411\u0435\u0437-\u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f-3-1.jpg 180w, https:\/\/fedai.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/\u0411\u0435\u0437-\u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f-3-1-97x150.jpg 97w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 180px) 100vw, 180px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u0259f\u0259vil\u0259r imperiyas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259n q\u00fcdr\u0259tli vaxtlar\u0131nda onun \u0259razisi 3.500.000 kv.km olmu\u015f, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcn C\u0259nubi Qafqaz\u0131, \u015eimali Qafqaz\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck bir hiss\u0259sini, \u0130ran\u0131, \u0130ran k\u00f6rf\u0259zind\u0259ki \u0259r\u0259b \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rini, \u0130raq\u0131, \u018ffqan\u0131stan\u0131, Orta Asiyan\u0131n bir hiss\u0259sini, \u0259hat\u0259 etmi\u015fdir. O d\u00f6vrd\u0259 bu, 20 milyondan \u00e7ox insan\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 n\u0259h\u0259ng bir imperiya idi. Bel\u0259 bir geni\u015f \u0259razid\u0259 kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r insan resursuna malik olmalar\u0131na baxmayaraq, S\u0259f\u0259vi \u015fahlar\u0131 ordu quruculu\u011fu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259 \u0259halisinin yaln\u0131z bir qrupu olan t\u00fcrkl\u0259r\u0259, o da onlar\u0131n ancaq bir hiss\u0259sin\u0259 \u2013 q\u0131z\u0131lba\u015f tayfalar\u0131na arxalan\u0131rd\u0131lar. S\u0259f\u0259vil\u0259r imperiyan\u0131n dig\u0259r xalqlar\u0131n\u0131n n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259rini h\u0259rbi xidm\u0259t\u0259 c\u0259lb etm\u0259dikl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 orduda d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259rin say\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131ra bilmirdil\u0259r. Bununla yana\u015f\u0131 onu da qeyd etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, y\u00fcks\u0259k motivasiyal\u0131 q\u0131z\u0131lba\u015f bahad\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n sonsuz c\u0259sar\u0259ti v\u0259 dig\u0259r d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f keyfiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri onlar\u0131n saylar\u0131n\u0131n azl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kompensasiya edirdi. S\u0259f\u0259vi ordusu kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r mobil idi. Q\u0131z\u0131lba\u015flar q\u0131sa m\u00fcdd\u0259t \u0259rzind\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck m\u0259saf\u0259l\u0259ri q\u0259t edib q\u0259rb c\u0259bh\u0259sind\u0259n \u015f\u0259rq c\u0259bh\u0259sind\u0259ki d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fl\u0259r\u0259 at\u0131la bilirdil\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniya tarix\u00e7isi Klifford Bosvort (1928\u20132015) yaz\u0131r: \u201cQ\u0259rib\u0259dir ki, Misir m\u0259ml\u00fckl\u0259ri kimi S\u0259f\u0259vil\u0259r d\u0259 artilleriya v\u0259 y\u00fcng\u00fcl odlu silahlardan istifad\u0259 etm\u0259yi \u00f6zl\u0259rin\u0259 s\u0131\u011f\u0131\u015fd\u0131rm\u0131rd\u0131lar\u201d. <\/strong>Biz is\u0259 vur\u011fulamal\u0131y\u0131q ki, o d\u00f6vr\u00fcn el aras\u0131nda \u201cdayan, doldurum\u201d adland\u0131r\u0131lan odlu silah\u0131 S\u0259f\u0259vi s\u00fcvarisi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259sas d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f vasit\u0259si ola bilm\u0259zdi. Bunun da s\u0259b\u0259bi o idi ki, XVI\u2013XVIII \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 t\u00fcf\u0259ngin n\u00f6vb\u0259ti at\u0259\u015f\u0259 haz\u0131r v\u0259ziyy\u0259t\u0259 g\u0259tirilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn xeyli vaxt t\u0259l\u0259b edilirdi. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, kamandan d\u0259qiq\u0259d\u0259 on alt\u0131 ox atmaq m\u00fcmk\u00fcn idis\u0259, t\u00fcf\u0259ngd\u0259n \u0259n yax\u015f\u0131 halda d\u00f6rd at\u0259\u015f a\u00e7maq olurdu. H\u0259m d\u0259 t\u00fcf\u0259ngi h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259td\u0259 olan at\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u0259 yenid\u0259n doldurmaq m\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcl m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 idi. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, odlu silahdan istifad\u0259 ed\u0259n s\u00fcvari atdan d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259li idi. Lakin d\u00f6rd ya\u015f\u0131ndan y\u0259h\u0259r\u0259 \u00f6yr\u0259\u015fmi\u015f q\u0131z\u0131lba\u015f \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bu fikrin \u00f6z\u00fc d\u00f6z\u00fclm\u0259z ola bil\u0259rdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>XVII \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 \u015eah I Abbas ordu quruculu\u011fu istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n islahatlar aparsa da, \u00fcmumi v\u0259ziyy\u0259t \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259di. Onun yaratd\u0131\u011f\u0131 qulam korpusunun b\u00f6y\u00fck bir hiss\u0259si o zamanlar \u00e7\u0259rk\u0259z adland\u0131r\u0131lan \u015eimali Qafqaz t\u00fcrkl\u0259rind\u0259n ibar\u0259t idi. T\u00fcrkl\u0259r is\u0259 harada ya\u015fad\u0131qlar\u0131ndan as\u0131l\u0131 olmayaraq, \u0259sas\u0259n at \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u0259 d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fm\u0259y\u0259 \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck verirdil\u0259r. \u015eah I Abbas \u00f6z qulamlar\u0131n\u0131 \u201cs\u00fcvari yeni\u00e7\u0259ril\u0259r\u201d adland\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>G\u0259ldiyimiz n\u0259tic\u0259 bundan ibar\u0259tdir ki, S\u0259f\u0259vi hakimiyy\u0259tinin azsayl\u0131 ordu il\u0259 kifay\u0259tl\u0259nm\u0259snin, odlu silaha y\u00fcks\u0259k maraq g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259m\u0259sinin bir s\u0259b\u0259bi var idi: Bu d\u00f6vl\u0259t aqressiv xarici siyas\u0259t y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fcrd\u00fc. S\u00f6zs\u00fcz ki, S\u0259f\u0259vil\u0259r ist\u0259s\u0259ydil\u0259r yet\u0259rinc\u0259 piyada hiss\u0259l\u0259ri d\u0259 formala\u015fd\u0131rard\u0131lar, onlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn laz\u0131m olan q\u0259d\u0259r odlu silahlar da ala bil\u0259rdil\u0259r. Lakin \u015eah I \u0130smay\u0131l S\u0259f\u0259vinin qurdu\u011fu bu d\u00f6vl\u0259t mahiyy\u0259t etibaril\u0259 militarist xarakterli deyildi. S\u0259f\u0259vi \u015fahlar\u0131 \u0259sas\u0259n \u00f6lk\u0259 \u0259halisinin rifah\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcks\u0259ldilm\u0259sinin qay\u011f\u0131s\u0131na qal\u0131r, quruculuq i\u015fl\u0259ri il\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olur v\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259tin s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259rini xarici t\u0259cav\u00fczd\u0259n qoruyurdular. Onlar\u0131n s\u00fcvari hiss\u0259l\u0259ri is\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259nin t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyini, s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259rinin toxunulmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259min etm\u0259k iqtidar\u0131nda idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>M\u00fc\u0259llif: Milli Kimlik Ara\u015fd\u0131rmalar\u0131 Qrupunun \u00fczv\u00fc Araz \u015e\u0259hrili<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>S\u0259f\u0259vi ordusunun \u0259sas z\u0259rb\u0259 q\u00fcvv\u0259sini s\u00fcvaril\u0259r t\u0259\u015fkil edirdil\u0259r. Qo\u015fun y\u00fcng\u00fcl (ox\u00e7ular) v\u0259 a\u011f\u0131r (c\u0259ngav\u0259rl\u0259r) s\u00fcvari b\u00f6l\u00fckl\u0259rind\u0259n ibar\u0259t idi. Orduda piyadalar\u0131n rolu o q\u0259d\u0259r d\u0259<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":50212,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-50208","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kos"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50208","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=50208"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50208\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":50213,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50208\/revisions\/50213"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/50212"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=50208"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=50208"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=50208"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}