{"id":57539,"date":"2021-12-26T11:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-12-26T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=57539"},"modified":"2021-12-26T15:37:53","modified_gmt":"2021-12-26T11:37:53","slug":"%c9%99rm%c9%99nsahlar-%c9%99hl%c9%99tsahlar-dovl%c9%99ti-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=57539","title":{"rendered":"\u018frm\u0259n\u015fahlar (\u018fhl\u0259t\u015fahlar) d\u00f6vl\u0259ti"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

(\u018fvv\u0259li: https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=57215<\/a>, https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=57465<\/a>)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

f) Bedreddin Aksunqur X\u0259z\u0259r Dinari (1193-1198):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n


Seyf\u0259ddin Bektimurun \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259sind\u0259n sonra \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 Aksunqur X\u0259z\u0259r (Xezar) Dinari hakim oldu (1193-1198). O, S\u00f6km\u0259n m\u0259ml\u00fckl\u0259rind\u0259n idi. Ahlat\u015fah t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n Curcanl\u0131 bir tacird\u0259n 1000 dinara sat\u0131n al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ona X\u0259z\u0259r Dinari l\u0259q\u0259bi verilmi\u015fdir. Daha sonra Bektimurun q\u0131z\u0131 Ayna Xatunla evl\u0259n\u0259r\u0259k y\u00fcks\u0259k v\u0259zif\u0259y\u0259 yiy\u0259l\u0259nir. Hakimiyy\u0259t n\u0259fsin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 Bektimuru \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc, arvad\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 o\u011flunu h\u0259bs etdi. O, \u018frzurum m\u0259liyi Tu\u011frul\u015fahla birl\u0259\u015fib g\u00fcrc\u00fc qo\u015funlar\u0131n\u0131 m\u0259\u011flub ed\u0259r\u0259k xeyli q\u0259nim\u0259t \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irdi. Onun \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif \u015fayi\u0259l\u0259r var. \u018fbul-Fida Aksunqur 594-c\u00fc ild\u0259 (1197-1198) v\u0259fat etdiyi halda, Sibt \u0130bn\u00fcl-Cevzi v\u0259 Ebul-F\u0259r\u0259c onun 604-c\u00fc ild\u0259 (1207-1208) Bektimurun ba\u015fqa o\u011flu t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fc qeyd etmi\u015fl\u0259r.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n


g) S\u00fcca\u0259ddin Kutluq (1198):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n


Aksunqurun \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnd\u0259n sonra \u018fhlatda idar\u0259ni S\u00fcca\u0259ddin Qutluq adl\u0131 bir qul \u00f6z \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bektimurun ki\u00e7ik o\u011flu M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259di d\u0259 \u015f\u0259rikli h\u00f6kmdar elan etdi. Lakin q\u0131sa m\u00fcdd\u0259td\u0259n sonra Bektimurun o\u011flu il\u0259 fikir ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaranaraq onu sultanl\u0131qdan uzaqla\u015fd\u0131rd\u0131. Bunun \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 Bektimurun o\u011flu Qutlu\u011fun erm\u0259ni \u0259silli oldu\u011funu dey\u0259r\u0259k (Qutlu\u011fun anas\u0131n\u0131n erm\u0259ni oldu\u011fu deyilir) xalq\u0131 ona qar\u015f\u0131 t\u0259hrik etdi. \u00dcsyankar xalq Qutlu\u011fu s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 qalada tutaraq \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fcl\u0259r (1198).<\/span><\/strong> \u0130bnul-\u018fsir v\u0259 m\u00fcn\u0259cciml\u0259ri deyirl\u0259r ki, Qutluq uzaqg\u00f6r\u0259n, \u0259dal\u0259tli v\u0259 yax\u015f\u0131 r\u0259ftarl\u0131 bir h\u00f6kmdar, Bektimurun o\u011flu is\u0259 \u0259xlaqs\u0131z bir \u015f\u0259xs idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


h) \u0259l-Malik\u00fc’l-M\u0259nsur M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d (1198-1207):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n


Qutlu\u011fun \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259sind\u0259n sonra \u018fhlatda b\u00f6y\u00fck qar\u0131\u015f\u0131ql\u0131q yarand\u0131 v\u0259 n\u0259hay\u0259t, B\u0259ktimurun o\u011flu M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d \u201c\u0259l-Melik\u00fc\u2019l-Mansur\u201d (1198-1207) titulu il\u0259 t\u0259kba\u015f\u0131na taxta \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131. Onun hakimiyy\u0259ti d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 g\u00fcrc\u00fcl\u0259r yenid\u0259n bir \u00e7ox \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259ri i\u015f\u011fal etdil\u0259r. 1204-c\u00fc ild\u0259 \u018frcis\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259r\u0259k \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri qar\u0259t edib \u00e7oxlu \u0259sirl\u0259 geri qay\u0131td\u0131lar. Daha sonra \u018frzurum b\u0259yliyi s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259rind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n Samanqalada \u018fhl\u044dt v\u0259 \u018frzurumlu \u0259sg\u0259rl\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n viran edildil\u0259r. \u00c7oxlu g\u00fcrc\u00fc \u0259sg\u0259ri \u0259sir g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Onlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda ba\u015f komandir Ki\u00e7ik Z\u0259k\u0259riyy\u0259 d\u0259 var idi. G\u00fcrc\u00fcl\u0259r 1205-ci ild\u0259 yenid\u0259n Ahlat \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 h\u00fccuma ke\u00e7dil\u0259r. B\u0259ktimurun o\u011flu M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d \u00e7ox g\u0259nc oldu\u011fu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259sg\u0259rl\u0259r v\u0259 xalq \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 hakimiyy\u0259t qazana bilm\u0259di. Ona g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 g\u00fcrc\u00fcl\u0259r ciddi m\u00fcqavim\u0259tl\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmad\u0131lar. Lakin sufil\u0259rin \u0259traf\u0131na topla\u015fan xalq v\u0259 k\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcl\u0259r g\u00fcrc\u00fcl\u0259ri m\u0259\u011flub etdil\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n


\u018fl-Malik\u00fc’l-M\u0259nsur M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259din i\u00e7ki v\u0259 \u0259yl\u0259nc\u0259 sah\u0259sin\u0259 q\u0259rq olmas\u0131 onun xalq qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda n\u00fcfuzunu itirm\u0259sin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b oldu. \u018fsg\u0259rl\u0259r d\u0259 ona qar\u015f\u0131 qalxd\u0131lar. Bu inki\u015faflar \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 bir qrup Ahlatl\u0131, II S\u00f6km\u0259nin cani\u015fin t\u0259yin etdiyi qarda\u015f\u0131 o\u011flu N\u0259sir\u0259ddin Artuk Arslana x\u0259b\u0259r g\u00f6nd\u0259r\u0259r\u0259k, onu \u00f6z \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 d\u0259v\u0259t etdil\u0259r. Bu zaman II S\u00f6km\u0259nin qul d\u0259st\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n olan Balaban, \u0259l-M\u0259lik\u00fc’l-M\u0259nsur M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 \u00fcsyan ed\u0259r\u0259k Malazgirti \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7ir\u0259r\u0259k toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 \u018fhl\u0259t\u0259 do\u011fru y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc. Artuklu h\u00f6kmdar\u0131 N\u0259sir\u0259ddin Artuk Arslan d\u0259v\u0259t\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 he\u00e7 bir m\u00fcxalif\u0259t v\u0259 m\u00fcqavim\u0259tl\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmadan \u018fhl\u0259t\u0259 hakim olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fc \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn silah v\u0259 \u00e7\u0259kisini g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u0259d\u0259n onun yan\u0131na g\u0259lmi\u015fdi. Balaban ona x\u0259b\u0259r g\u00f6nd\u0259rib dedi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

«\u018fhl\u0259tlil\u0259r m\u0259ni s\u0259n\u0259 meylli olmaqda ittiham edirl\u0259r. \u018fr\u0259bl\u0259r\u0259 nifr\u0259t edirl\u0259r. Yax\u015f\u0131 olar ki, qay\u0131d\u0131b bir add\u0131m uzaqla\u015fasan. \u015e\u0259h\u0259ri \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irs\u0259m, s\u0259n\u0259 t\u0259slim ed\u0259r\u0259m, \u00e7\u00fcnki bu m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyil. M\u0259n\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 g\u0259r\u0259k \u018fhl\u0259tin h\u00f6kmdar\u0131 olum\u201d. dedi. Amma Artuk Arslan ged\u0259nd\u0259n sonra \u201c\u00d6lk\u0259n\u0259 qay\u0131t, yoxsa g\u0259lib s\u0259ni v\u0259 \u0259traf\u0131n\u0131 viran ed\u0259c\u0259m\u201d. x\u0259b\u0259ri g\u00f6nd\u0259rdi. Dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n \u018fyyubil\u0259rin \u018fl-C\u0259zir\u0259 v\u0259 Harran b\u00f6lg\u0259sinin m\u0259liki M\u0259lik E\u015fref, Artuk Arslan\u0131n \u018fhl\u0259t\u0259 getdiyini e\u015fid\u0259nd\u0259 d\u0259rhal Mardin\u0259 y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f etdi v\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin m\u0259hsulunu g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u0259r\u0259k Duneysird\u0259 qald\u0131. Bir t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n Balaban, dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n is\u0259 Melik E\u015fref t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sin\u0259 m\u0259ruz qalan Artuk Arslan d\u00fcy\u00fc \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Dimy\u0259t\u0259 ged\u0259rk\u0259n evd\u0259 bulqurdan olmu\u015f v\u0259 Mardin\u0259 qay\u0131tm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


N\u0259sir\u0259ddin Artuk \u018fhl\u0259td\u0259n uzaqla\u015fd\u0131qdan sonra Balaban \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri daha \u015fidd\u0259tl\u0259 m\u00fchasir\u0259y\u0259 alma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131. B\u0259gtimurun o\u011flu M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d \u0259sg\u0259rl\u0259ri v\u0259 camaat\u0131 toplay\u0131b Balabana h\u00fccum etdi. Balaban \u00f6z hakimiyy\u0259ti alt\u0131ndak\u0131 qalalara \u00e7\u0259kilm\u0259li oldu. Daha sonra Malazgirtd\u0259n, \u018frci\u015fd\u0259n v\u0259 ba\u015fqa qalalardan \u0259sg\u0259r toplay\u0131b yenid\u0259n \u018fhl\u0259t \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f etdi. D\u00f6vl\u0259t a\u011fsaqqallar\u0131na x\u0259b\u0259r g\u00f6nd\u0259rir, onlar\u0131 \u00f6z t\u0259r\u0259fin\u0259 \u00e7\u0259km\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. Onlara \u00e7oxlu v\u0259dl\u0259r verdi. \u018fmirl\u0259r Balaban\u0131n t\u0259klifini q\u0259bul etdil\u0259r, \u00e7\u00fcnki onlar B\u0259gtimurun o\u011flunun \u00f6lk\u0259ni idar\u0259 etm\u0259k iqtidar\u0131nda olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, i\u00e7kiy\u0259, \u0259yl\u0259nm\u0259y\u0259 h\u0259v\u0259sli oldu\u011funu bilirdil\u0259r. Bununla bel\u0259, Balabandan v\u0259din\u0259 \u0259m\u0259l ed\u0259c\u0259yin\u0259 and i\u00e7m\u0259yi xahi\u015f edibl\u0259r. Sonra B\u0259gtimurun o\u011flunu v\u0259 \u018fhl\u0259ti ona verdil\u0259r. Balaban \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259 h\u00f6kmranl\u0131q etdi v\u0259 B\u0259gtimurun o\u011flunu h\u0259bs etdi (1206).<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Bir m\u00fcdd\u0259t sonra Meyyafarik hakimi N\u0259cm\u0259ddin \u018fyyub \u018fhl\u0259t\u0259 y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f etdi v\u0259 \u018fhl\u0259tin b\u0259zi qalalar\u0131n\u0131 \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irdikd\u0259n sonra \u018fhl\u0259ti m\u00fchasir\u0259y\u0259 alma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131. Bunun \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 Balaban onu aldatmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn hiyl\u0259y\u0259 \u0259l atd\u0131, \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri m\u00fcdafi\u0259 etm\u0259k iqtidar\u0131nda olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirdi v\u0259 m\u00fchasir\u0259ni qald\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn xo\u015f s\u00f6zl\u0259r dedi. Bu davran\u0131\u015f N\u0259cm\u0259ddin \u018fyyubu daha da q\u0131z\u0131\u015fd\u0131rd\u0131. Lakin Balaban t\u0259\u015fkil etdiyi basq\u0131nla onu darmada\u011f\u0131n etdi. N\u0259cm\u0259ddin \u00e7ox az \u0259sg\u0259ri il\u0259 Meyyafarikin\u0259 qay\u0131tmal\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Bu i\u011fti\u015fa\u015flar zaman\u0131 g\u00fcrc\u00fcl\u0259r Qars \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin\u0259 h\u00fccum ed\u0259r\u0259k uzun m\u00fchasir\u0259d\u0259n sonra onu \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irdil\u0259r. Qars valisi n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r el\u00e7i g\u00f6nd\u0259rib \u018fhl\u0259td\u0259n k\u00f6m\u0259k ist\u0259s\u0259 d\u0259, bu yard\u0131m ba\u015f tutmad\u0131. V\u0259ziyy\u0259tin onlar\u0131n \u0259leyhin\u0259 inki\u015faf etdiyini v\u0259 onlara k\u00f6m\u0259k etm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u0259n vali, n\u0259hay\u0259t, onlardan alaca\u011f\u0131 pul v\u0259 h\u0259diyy\u0259 m\u00fcqabilind\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri t\u0259slim etm\u0259y\u0259 raz\u0131 oldu. D\u00f6vr\u00fcn h\u00f6kmdarlar\u0131 Qars\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259n \u0259lin\u0259 ke\u00e7m\u0259sinin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ala bilm\u0259dil\u0259r, \u00e7\u00fcnki onlar bir-biri il\u0259 vuru\u015fmaq, z\u00fclm etm\u0259k, i\u00e7ki i\u00e7m\u0259k, \u0259yl\u0259nm\u0259kl\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful idil\u0259r. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, Qars \u0130slam \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri olmaqdan \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131, k\u00fcfr v\u0259 sirk \u015f\u0259h\u0259rciyin\u0259 \u00e7evrildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\u018fhl\u0259t\u015fahlar daxili v\u0259 xarici m\u00fcdaxil\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 t\u0259dric\u0259n z\u0259ifl\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flayanda N\u0259cm\u0259ddin \u018fyyub b\u00f6y\u00fck bir ordu il\u0259 \u018fhl\u0259t\u0259 h\u00fccum etdi. Balaban ona qar\u015f\u0131 vuru\u015fsa da, u\u011fur qazana bilm\u0259yib \u018fhl\u0259t\u0259 s\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131b \u018frzurum hakimi Muqis\u0259ddin Tu\u011frul\u015fahdan k\u00f6m\u0259k ist\u0259di. Tu\u011frul\u015fah ordusunun ba\u015f\u0131nda k\u00f6m\u0259yim\u0259 g\u0259ldi v\u0259 m\u00fctt\u0259fiql\u0259r N\u0259cm\u0259ddin \u018fyyubu m\u0259\u011flub etdil\u0259r. \u018fyyubil\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7iril\u0259n Mu\u015f qalas\u0131n\u0131 geri alma\u011fa haz\u0131rla\u015fark\u0259n Tu\u011frul\u015fah Balabana x\u0259yan\u0259t edib v\u0259t\u0259nin\u0259 tamah sald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn onu \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc. Buradan tez \u018fhl\u0259t\u0259 gets\u0259 d\u0259, camaat bu h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259ti b\u0259y\u0259nm\u0259diyi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn onu \u015f\u0259h\u0259r\u0259 buraxmad\u0131. Tu\u011frul\u015fah\u0131n \u0259li bo\u015f; lakin o, bu q\u0259tl\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259sin\u0259 g\u00fcnahkar kimi qay\u0131dark\u0259n, camaat N\u0259cm\u0259ddin \u018fyyuba x\u0259b\u0259r g\u00f6nd\u0259r\u0259r\u0259k onu \u018fhl\u0259t\u0259 d\u0259v\u0259t etdil\u0259r. O, bu d\u0259v\u0259ti q\u0259bul etdi v\u0259 \u018fhl\u0259t\u0259 getdi v\u0259 bir \u0259srd\u0259n \u00e7ox m\u00fcdd\u0259t \u0259rzind\u0259 b\u00f6lg\u0259d\u0259 h\u00f6kmranl\u0131q ed\u0259n \u018fhl\u0259t\u015fahlar s\u00fclal\u0259sin\u0259 son qoydu (1207).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u018fyyubil\u0259r \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259 h\u00f6kmranl\u0131q etdikd\u0259n sonra \u00e7oxlu adam \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fcl\u0259r. \u018fyanlar\u0131 Meyyafarikin\u0259 s\u00fcrg\u00fcn etdil\u0259r. Bu, \u018fhl\u0259t \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00e7ox a\u011f\u0131r z\u0259rb\u0259 oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n


\u018fyyubi h\u00f6kmdar\u0131 M\u0259lik \u0259l-Adil Abbasi x\u0259lif\u0259si \u0259n-Nasir Lidinillaha x\u0259b\u0259r g\u00f6nd\u0259r\u0259r\u0259k ondan \u018fhl\u0259t v\u0259 Meryafarikin \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 h\u00f6kmranl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259sdiq etm\u0259yi xahi\u015f etdi. Bu t\u0259klifi t\u0259sdiq ed\u0259n x\u0259lif\u0259nin pey\u011f\u0259mb\u0259rliyini ald\u0131qdan sonra bu iki \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri o\u011flu N\u0259cm\u0259ddin \u018fyyuba verdi (1207). Amma \u018fhl\u0259t camaat\u0131 v\u0259 \u0259sg\u0259rl\u0259r xarici bir idar\u0259ni asan q\u0259bul etmirdil\u0259r. B\u0259zi \u0259sg\u0259rl\u0259r Van qalas\u0131na \u00e7\u0259kildi v\u0259 daha sonra \u018frci\u015fi \u00f6z hakimiyy\u0259ti alt\u0131na ald\u0131. Bunun \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 N\u0259cm\u0259ddin \u018fyyub atas\u0131ndan k\u00f6m\u0259k ist\u0259di. O, dig\u0259r o\u011flu M\u0259lik \u018f\u015fr\u0259fi d\u0259 qarda\u015f\u0131na k\u00f6m\u0259k etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn g\u00f6nd\u0259rdi. Bu yolla Van\u0131 \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irdil\u0259r. \u018fhl\u0259tlil\u0259r Malazgirt \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f ed\u0259rk\u0259n S\u00f6km\u0259n bayra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131b camaat\u0131 bu bayraq alt\u0131nda toplay\u0131b \u018fyyubil\u0259r\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 aya\u011fa \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131lar. M\u0259lik \u018f\u015fr\u0259f yenid\u0259n m\u00fcdaxil\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri m\u00fchasir\u0259y\u0259 ald\u0131. O, \u00fcsyanda i\u015ftirak ed\u0259n bir \u00e7ox insan\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Bu hadis\u0259l\u0259r g\u00fcrc\u00fcl\u0259rin h\u00fccumlar\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b oldu. \u018fslind\u0259 1208-ci ild\u0259 \u018frci\u015fi i\u015f\u011fal ed\u0259r\u0259k talan etdil\u0259r. N\u0259cm\u0259ddin \u018fyyub xalq\u0131n \u00fcsyana qalxaca\u011f\u0131ndan narahat oldu\u011fu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u018fhl\u0259ti t\u0259rk ed\u0259 bilm\u0259di. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 g\u00fcrc\u00fcl\u0259r \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri talan edib ist\u0259dikl\u0259ri kimi yand\u0131rd\u0131qdan sonra \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri t\u0259rk etdil\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


1210-cu ild\u0259 g\u00fcrc\u00fcl\u0259r yenid\u0259n h\u00fccuma ke\u00e7\u0259nd\u0259 \u0259hl\u0259tlil\u0259r k\u00f6rp\u00fcn\u00fc da\u011f\u0131d\u0131b, yolu ba\u011flad\u0131lar. S\u0259rxo\u015f olan \u0130vani, k\u00f6rp\u00fcn\u00fc ke\u00e7m\u0259k ist\u0259y\u0259rk\u0259n atdan y\u0131x\u0131laraq \u0259sir d\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc. \u0130vanid\u0259n al\u0131nan fidy\u0259 il\u0259 \u018fhl\u0259tin divarlar\u0131 t\u0259mir olundu v\u0259 g\u00fcrc\u00fcl\u0259rl\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7 illik bar\u0131\u015f\u0131q ba\u011fland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Bu m\u00fcdd\u0259t \u0259rzind\u0259 Necm\u0259ddin \u018fyyub v\u0259fat ed\u0259nd\u0259 qarda\u015f\u0131 M\u0259lik \u0259l-\u018fsr\u0259f \u018fhl\u0259t\u0259 n\u0259zar\u0259ti \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irdi. \u00c7ox ke\u00e7m\u0259d\u0259n monqol istilas\u0131 h\u0259r \u015feyi alt-\u00fcst etdi. Onlara qar\u015f\u0131 q\u0259hr\u0259mancas\u0131na vuru\u015fan Xar\u0259zm\u015fah Sultan C\u0259lal\u0259ddin Az\u0259rbaycanda, \u018fhl\u0259td\u0259, \u018frzurumda v\u0259 \u015eirvanda g\u00fcrc\u00fcl\u0259rin t\u0259qib v\u0259 i\u015fg\u0259nc\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 m\u0259ruz qald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 e\u015fidib 1225-ci ild\u0259 Tiflis\u0259 daxil olur v\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri yenid\u0259n \u0130slam torpaqlar\u0131na daxil edir. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, Ani v\u0259 Qars \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259ri g\u00fcrc\u00fcl\u0259rd\u0259n t\u0259mizl\u0259ndi. Bu u\u011furlar ona olan sevgini qat-qat art\u0131rd\u0131. Amma \u018fhl\u0259tin m\u00fchasir\u0259si onlar\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn yax\u015f\u0131l\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcp\u00fcrd\u00fc. Xar\u0259zm\u015fah 1229-cu ild\u0259 \u018fhl\u0259ti m\u00fchasir\u0259y\u0259 alma\u011fa ba\u015flayanda Anadolu S\u0259lcuqlu sultan\u0131 \u018fla\u0259ddin Keykubat ona x\u0259b\u0259r g\u00f6nd\u0259r\u0259r\u0259k aliml\u0259r, zahidl\u0259r v\u0259 din xadiml\u0259ri il\u0259 dolu olan v\u0259 buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 Kubbet\u00fcl- ad\u0131 il\u0259 tan\u0131nan bu \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin m\u00fchasir\u0259sind\u0259n \u0259l \u00e7\u0259km\u0259sini ist\u0259di. Lakin C\u0259lal\u0259ddin bu t\u0259klifi r\u0259dd etdi v\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn q\u0131\u015f boyu m\u00fchasir\u0259ni davam etdirdi. Camaat \u00e7ox b\u0259db\u0259xt v\u0259ziyy\u0259t\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015e\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xan adamlar acl\u0131qdan o q\u0259d\u0259r sol\u011fun idil\u0259r ki, ata o\u011flunu, o\u011ful atas\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131ya bilmirdi. N\u0259hay\u0259t, 1229-cu il aprelin 14-d\u0259 \u018fhl\u0259t\u0259 daxil olan Xar\u0259zm\u015fah \u0259sg\u0259rl\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn \u0259rzind\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri qar\u0259t etdil\u0259r. Onlar gizl\u0259tdikl\u0259ri q\u0131z\u0131l, g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f v\u0259 qiym\u0259tli \u0259\u015fyalar\u0131 almaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn insanlara i\u015fg\u0259nc\u0259 verirdil\u0259r. C\u0259lal\u0259ddin bu h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tinin c\u0259zas\u0131n\u0131 1230-cu ild\u0259 Yass\u0131\u00e7im\u0259nd\u0259 m\u0259\u011flub olduqdan sonra qa\u00e7ark\u0259n Meyyar\u0259f\u0259rikin yax\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u0259r\u0259k \u00f6d\u0259di.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Yass\u0131\u00e7im\u0259n sava\u015f\u0131ndan sonra \u018fla\u0259ddin Keykubad \u018fhl\u0259t, Van, Bitlis, Malazgirt v\u0259 \u0259traf\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6z torpaqlar\u0131na qataraq b\u00f6lg\u0259d\u0259 \u0259kin\u00e7ilik v\u0259 ticar\u0259tin inki\u015faf\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Lakin 1243-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Kosada\u011f m\u0259\u011flubiyy\u0259ti il\u0259 monqollar h\u0259r yeri da\u011f\u0131tma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131lar. \u018fhl\u0259t sonralar \u0130lxanl\u0131lar\u0131n, Qaraqoyunlular\u0131n v\u0259 n\u0259hay\u0259t Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n hakimiyy\u0259tin\u0259 ke\u00e7di v\u0259 Osmanl\u0131lar uzun ill\u0259r \u0259vv\u0259l m\u0259skunla\u015fd\u0131qlar\u0131 bu \u015f\u0259h\u0259r\u0259 yenid\u0259n hakim oldular.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u018frto\u011frul b\u0259yin \u0259cdadlar\u0131 v\u0259 m\u0259nsub oldu\u011fu tayfa Anadolunun ilk a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, y\u0259ni 11-ci \u0259srin ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda Sultan Tu\u011frul b\u0259y v\u0259 Alparslan\u0131n \u0259traf\u0131 il\u0259 birlikd\u0259 \u018fhl\u0259t b\u00f6lg\u0259sin\u0259 g\u0259lib, Anadolu m\u00fcharib\u0259l\u0259ri v\u0259 f\u0259thl\u0259ri n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 \u018fhl\u0259t b\u00f6lg\u0259sind\u0259, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 Mu\u015f, Malazgirtd\u0259 m\u0259skunla\u015fd\u0131lar. \u018fl\u0259skirt v\u0259 S\u00fcrm\u0259ri (S\u00fcrme-\u00c7ukuru) d\u00fcz\u0259nlikl\u0259rind\u0259 v\u0259 da\u011flar\u0131nda kazarmalar v\u0259 yaylaqlar qurdular v\u0259 sonradan \u018fhl\u0259t \u0259mirl\u0259rin\u0259 tabe oldular. S\u00f6km\u0259nlil\u0259r, onlar\u0131n ita\u0259ti alt\u0131nda olan g\u00fcrc\u00fcl\u0259r\u0259, b\u0259z\u0259n d\u0259 qaza qar\u015f\u0131 Trabzon hersoqlu\u011funa, imperiyaya qar\u015f\u0131, \u018frzurum v\u0259 \u018frzincan \u0259mirl\u0259ri il\u0259 birlikd\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 apard\u0131lar.13-c\u00fc \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 \u018fhl\u0259tin \u0259lin\u0259 ke\u00e7\u0259nd\u0259 \u018fyyubil\u0259r v\u0259 b\u0259lk\u0259 d\u0259 sonralar C\u0259lal\u0259ddin Xar\u0259zm\u015fah \u018fhl\u0259t b\u00f6lg\u0259sin\u0259 h\u00fccum ed\u0259rk\u0259n \u018frto\u011frul b\u0259yin atas\u0131, yan\u0131ndak\u0131 tayfa v\u0259 onun kimi Kay\u0131 tayfas\u0131ndan olan Artuko\u011fullar\u0131 il\u0259 birlikd\u0259 Mardin h\u00f6kmdarlar\u0131n\u0131n saray\u0131na daxil oldular. Bu arada \u018frto\u011frulun atas\u0131 n\u0259d\u0259ns\u0259 q\u0131\u015fa haz\u0131rla\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. O, Ceber\u0259 ged\u0259rk\u0259n F\u0259ratda bo\u011fulmu\u015fdu\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n


R\u0259smi Osmanl\u0131 tarixind\u0259 Van g\u00f6l\u00fc h\u00f6vz\u0259sinin m\u0259rk\u0259zind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n \u018fhl\u0259t, \u0259slind\u0259 \u018frm\u0259n\u015fahlar elm, m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t, sivilizasiya v\u0259 ticar\u0259t bax\u0131m\u0131ndan orta \u0259srl\u0259rin \u0259n g\u00f6rk\u0259mli \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259n biri olmu\u015fdur. \u018fhl\u0259t\u015fahlar \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri b\u0259rpa etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00e7ox s\u0259y g\u00f6st\u0259rdil\u0259r. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, 1164-c\u00fc ild\u0259 ba\u015f ver\u0259n yan\u011f\u0131n zaman\u0131 bir \u00e7ox evl\u0259r v\u0259 ma\u011fazalar xarabal\u0131\u011fa \u00e7evrilmi\u015fdi. II S\u00f6km\u0259nin arvad\u0131 Sahbanu bu ziyan\u0131 \u00f6d\u0259m\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn s\u0259f\u0259rb\u0259r olmu\u015f, \u00e7oxlu k\u00f6rp\u00fc v\u0259 yollar salm\u0131\u015f, Bitlis darvazas\u0131n\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda g\u00f6z\u0259l hanlar tikdirmi\u015fdi. Qala v\u0259 onun divarlar\u0131n\u0131 da t\u0259mir etdirdi. Ticar\u0259t v\u0259 \u0259kin\u00e7ilikd\u0259ki inki\u015faflarla \u018fhl\u0259t divarlardan k\u0259nara \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131 v\u0259 insanlar f\u00f6vq\u0259lad\u0259 \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 z\u0259nginl\u0259\u015fdi. M\u0259lumdur ki, \u0259xlaqi tacirl\u0259r xarici \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 d\u0259 ticar\u0259t edirl\u0259r. \u018fhl\u0259td\u0259 d\u0259mir-polad v\u0259 \u00e7iling\u0259rlik \u00e7ox inki\u015faf etmi\u015fdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u018fhl\u0259t elm, m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t v\u0259 ruhanil\u0259rl\u0259, zahid, mistika v\u0259 s\u0259n\u0259tkarlar\u0131 il\u0259 m\u0259\u015fhur bir \u015f\u0259h\u0259r idi. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259r Kubbet\u00fcl-\u0130slam adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. O d\u00f6vrd\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259 tikilmi\u015f bir \u00e7ox \u0259s\u0259rin \u0259hlatl\u0131 memarlar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n edilm\u0259si buran\u0131n nec\u0259 sivilizasiya m\u0259rk\u0259zi oldu\u011funu g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Onlar elm, din, s\u0259n\u0259t v\u0259 m\u0259zh\u0259b \u0259hlini qorumaqla elmin, m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tin inki\u015faf\u0131na xidm\u0259t etmi\u015fl\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\u018fhl\u0259td\u0259n olan m\u0259\u015fhur s\u0259n\u0259tkar v\u0259 aliml\u0259rd\u0259n b\u0259zil\u0259ri bunlard\u0131r: Hac\u0131 \u0259l-\u018fhl\u0259ti, Mufaddal \u0259l-\u018fhl\u0259ti, X\u00fcrr\u0259m\u015fah al-\u018fhl\u0259ti (memar), F\u0259hr\u0259ddin \u0259l-Ahlati (astronomiya alimi), \u018fbu \u018fli \u0259l-\u018fhlati (filosof) \u0130brahim b. Abdullah, H\u00fcseyn \u0259l-\u018fhl\u0259ti (kimya\u00e7\u0131), Safiy\u00fcddin Ebu’l-Berekat, Ebd\u00fcssamed b. \u018fbd\u00fcrr\u0259hman, \u018fli b. M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d, \u015eeyx M\u00fcmin ed-Darir, Y\u0259hya b. \u018fhm\u0259d, M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d b. M\u0259likdad, M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d b. \u018fli, \u018fli b. \u00d6m\u0259r (alim).<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Sivilizasiya v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t m\u0259rk\u0259zi olan \u018fhl\u0259t\u015fahlar\u0131n paytaxt\u0131 \u018fhl\u0259t, Xar\u0259zm\u015fah C\u0259lal\u0259ddinin m\u00fchasir\u0259si v\u0259 talanlar\u0131, monqol istilas\u0131 v\u0259 Monqol-M\u0259ml\u00fck m\u00fcharib\u0259l\u0259ri zaman\u0131 b\u00f6y\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcd\u0259 da\u011f\u0131d\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, iqtisadi v\u0259 ticar\u0259t h\u0259yat\u0131 t\u0259n\u0259zz\u00fcl\u0259 u\u011fram\u0131\u015f, xalq b\u00f6lg\u0259ni t\u0259rk etm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


B\u0259zi tarix\u00e7il\u0259r tacirl\u0259r v\u0259 s\u0259n\u0259tkarlar birliyinin (fityan) ilk d\u0259f\u0259 \u018fhl\u0259td\u0259 yarand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 deyirl\u0259r. Bu t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131n \u00fczvl\u0259ri \u018fhl\u0259t\u0131n siyasi h\u0259yat\u0131nda m\u00fch\u00fcm rol oynam\u0131\u015f, m\u00fchasir\u0259 zaman\u0131 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin m\u00fcdafi\u0259sin\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259k etmi\u015fl\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ard\u0131 var<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(\u018fvv\u0259li: https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=57215, https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=57465) f) Bedreddin Aksunqur X\u0259z\u0259r Dinari (1193-1198): Seyf\u0259ddin Bektimurun \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259sind\u0259n sonra \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 Aksunqur X\u0259z\u0259r (Xezar) Dinari hakim oldu (1193-1198). O, S\u00f6km\u0259n m\u0259ml\u00fckl\u0259rind\u0259n idi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":57543,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-57539","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tarix"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57539","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=57539"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57539\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":57578,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57539\/revisions\/57578"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/57543"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=57539"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=57539"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=57539"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}