{"id":57697,"date":"2021-12-28T02:13:20","date_gmt":"2021-12-27T22:13:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=57697"},"modified":"2021-12-28T02:13:31","modified_gmt":"2021-12-27T22:13:31","slug":"albaniyada-xristianligin-dovl%c9%99t-dinin%c9%99-cevrilm%c9%99si","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=57697","title":{"rendered":"Albaniyada xristianl\u0131\u011f\u0131n d\u00f6vl\u0259t dinin\u0259 \u00e7evrilm\u0259si"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Albaniyada \u0259sas din xristianl\u0131q idi. Akademik Z.B\u00fcnyadov v\u0259 tarix\u00e7i-alim N.V\u0259lixanl\u0131n\u0131n fikrinc\u0259, Albaniyada xristianl\u0131\u011f\u0131n d\u00f6vl\u0259t dini kimi q\u0259bul edilm\u0259si alban h\u00f6kmdar\u0131 Urnayr\u0131n ad\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. 313-c\u00fc ild\u0259 ba\u015fda Urnayr olmaqla feodal alban zad\u0259ganlar\u0131 xristianl\u0131\u011f\u0131 q\u0259bul etdil\u0259r. Lakin xristianl\u0131q \u00fcmumxalq dinin\u0259 \u00e7evril\u0259 bilm\u0259di. \u018fhali aras\u0131nda q\u0259dim etiqadlara-b\u00fctp\u0259r\u0259stliy\u0259, mani\u00e7iliy\u0259, z\u0259rd\u00fc\u015ftliy\u0259 inam h\u0259l\u0259 geni\u015f yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. V \u0259srd\u0259 Qafqaz xalqlar\u0131n\u0131n siyasi z\u0259ifliyind\u0259n, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259, Bizans\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131n Attila il\u0259 d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fl\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 kils\u0259 \u00e7\u0259ki\u015fm\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 qar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131ndan istifad\u0259 ed\u0259n Sasani h\u00f6kmdar\u0131 II Y\u0259zdig\u0259rd z\u0259rd\u00fc\u015ftiliyi Albaniyada da d\u00f6vl\u0259t dinin\u0259 \u00e7evirm\u0259k ist\u0259di. II Y\u0259zdig\u0259rdin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnd\u0259n sonra 457-ci ild\u0259 Sasani \u0130ran\u0131ndak\u0131 hakimiyy\u0259t \u00e7\u0259ki\u015fm\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n istifad\u0259 ed\u0259n alban h\u00f6kmdar\u0131 II Va\u00e7e z\u0259rd\u00fc\u015ftilikd\u0259n r\u0259smi sur\u0259td\u0259 imtina etdi. F.M\u0259mm\u0259dova yaz\u0131r ki, Alban kils\u0259si Qafqazda, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259, b\u00fct\u00fcn xristian d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda \u0259n q\u0259dim kils\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259ndir.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Albaniya h\u0259l\u0259 d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc \u0259srd\u0259n, y\u0259ni xristianl\u0131\u011f\u0131n d\u00f6vl\u0259t dinin\u0259 \u00e7evrilm\u0259sind\u0259n xeyli \u0259vv\u0259l xristian icmalar\u0131n\u0131n yarand\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n say\u0131l\u0131r. Alban \u0259n\u0259n\u0259sin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, h\u0259l\u0259 birinci \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 din t\u0259bli\u011fat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 — missionerl\u0259r, apostollar v\u0259 onlar\u0131n \u015fagirdl\u0259ri Yerus\u0259limd\u0259n, Suriyadan Albaniyaya ayaq a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f v\u0259 burada ilk xristian icmalar\u0131 yaratm\u0131\u015flar.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Albaniya \u0259n\u0259n\u0259si xristianl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131 prosesini bir-birini ard\u0131c\u0131l \u0259v\u0259z ed\u0259n iki \u0259sas d\u00f6vr\u0259 b\u00f6l\u00fcr. Birinci d\u00f6vr apostol d\u00f6vr\u00fc adlan\u0131r v\u0259 apostollar Faddey, Varfolomey, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259, Faddeyin \u015fagirdi Yeliseyin adlar\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. IV \u0259sr\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r davam ed\u0259n bu d\u00f6vr\u00fc \u015f\u0259rti olaraq Surofil d\u00f6vr\u00fc adland\u0131raq.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0130kinci d\u00f6vr (Yunanfil d\u00f6vr\u00fc) alban \u00e7ar\u0131 Urnayr\u0131n (IV \u0259sr) adlar\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Alban kils\u0259si Yerus\u0259lim kils\u0259si il\u0259, sonralar is\u0259 Yerus\u0259lim patriarxl\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dard\u0131r. Bu bax\u0131mdan, alban kils\u0259si k\u00f6kl\u0259ri Yerus\u0259liml\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 olan g\u00fcrc\u00fc kils\u0259sin\u0259 ox\u015fay\u0131r, ona yax\u0131nd\u0131r. Albaniya xristianl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7\u0259klikl\u0259rin\u0259 toxunmazdan \u0259vv\u0259l xristianl\u0131\u011f\u0131n, \u00fcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, dini t\u0259lim kimi formala\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6kl\u0259rini, doktrianas\u0131n\u0131n (ideoloji g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u0259rinin) kamil \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 yetkinl\u0259\u015fm\u0259sini kils\u0259 t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131 qurulu\u015funu, co\u011frafi areal\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 yay\u0131lmas\u0131 tarixini ara\u015fd\u0131rmaq laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, bunlar\u0131n da \u0259sas\u0131nda alban kils\u0259si t\u0259svirini b\u0259rpa etm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olsun. \u0130.D.Amusin yaz\u0131r ki, xristianl\u0131q \u00f6z m\u0259n\u015f\u0259yini y\u0259hudilikd\u0259n g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u0259r\u0259k, I-II \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 onun \u0259sas\u0131nda yaranm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. «Xristianl\u0131q m\u00fcv\u0259ff\u0259qiyy\u0259t qazanm\u0131\u015f yesseizmdir». F\u0259l\u0259stin m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259sind\u0259 xristianl\u0131\u011f\u0131n t\u0259rkibin\u0259 yessey birlikl\u0259rinin mistik-asketik v\u0259 t\u0259\u015fkilati t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259si daxil edilmi\u015fdir, bu v\u0259rdi\u015fl\u0259rd\u0259n sistematik sur\u0259td\u0259 istifad\u0259 olunmas\u0131na is\u0259 sonralar ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. \u0130lkin xristian icmalar\u0131 kumran birlikl\u0259ri il\u0259 \u00fcmumi x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 malik idi: etnik bax\u0131mdan eynilik, \u0259razic\u0259 yax\u0131nl\u0131q vard\u0131, sosial prinsipl\u0259rind\u0259, qurulu\u015flar\u0131nda v\u0259 teoloji doktrinalar\u0131nda ox\u015farl\u0131q n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7arp\u0131rd\u0131. \u0130lkin xristian icmalar\u0131 da kumran birlikl\u0259ri kimi «\u018fhdn-c\u0259did» icmas\u0131 adlan\u0131rd\u0131. Sonralar is\u0259 «\u018fhdi-c\u0259did» termini Musan\u0131n qanun (toru) toplusunu \u0259v\u0259z etm\u0259li olan v\u0259 yeni ehkamlar say\u0131lan kanonik m\u0259tnl\u0259r toplusuna qo\u015fma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M.Kalankatl\u0131n\u0131n fikrinc\u0259, Yeliseyin Albaniyan\u0131n h\u0259m sa\u011fsahil, h\u0259m d\u0259 solsahil vilay\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259 olmas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259sdiq ed\u0259n ba\u015fqa bir m\u0259tn d\u0259 var. «Bizd\u0259 xristianl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259b\u0259bkar\u0131 m\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s Yeliseydir… O, \u00fc\u00e7 \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 xristianl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaym\u0131\u015fd\u0131r: \u00c7ola, Lpiniya v\u0259 Aqvanda, burada da \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc i\u015fk\u0259nc\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 ba\u015fa vurmu\u015fdur». Xristian \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131nda v\u0259 \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 Yelisey yaln\u0131z Faddeyin \u015fagirdi kimi yox, h\u0259m d\u0259 pey\u011f\u0259mb\u0259r kimi t\u0259qdim olunur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alban kils\u0259si b\u00fcn\u00f6vr\u0259sinin apostollar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n qoyulmas\u0131 onun Yerus\u0259lim kils\u0259si il\u0259 genetik yax\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 onlar\u0131n daim \u0259laq\u0259d\u0259 olmas\u0131 ideyas\u0131 Kalankatl\u0131n\u0131n «Tarix»ind\u0259 \u0259vv\u0259ld\u0259n, ax\u0131rad\u0259k q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 x\u0259tl\u0259 ke\u00e7ir. Kalankatl\u0131 d\u0259f\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 qeyd edir ki, Faddeyin \u015fagirdi-Yelisey Yerus\u0259lim t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n Albaniyan\u0131n patriarx\u0131 h\u00fcququnu alandan sonra burada Zaqafqaziyada ilk kils\u0259nin b\u00fcn\u00f6vr\u0259sini qoyur. Onu da dey\u0259k ki, o, h\u0259min h\u00fcququ I \u0259srd\u0259 Yesrus\u0259lim patriarx\u0131, \u0130san\u0131n qarda\u015f\u0131 \u0130akovdan alm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Kils\u0259nin apostolluqla ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259nas\u0131 ondan ibar\u0259tdir ki, burada h\u0259m kils\u0259nin q\u0259dim m\u0259n\u015f\u0259y\u0259 malik oldu\u011fu s\u00fcbut edilir, h\u0259m d\u0259 m\u0259lum olur ki, bu kils\u0259nin \u0259sas\u0131 xristinl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk d\u0259f\u0259 yayan apostollar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n qoyulmu\u015fdur. Albaniyada ilk d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259, y\u0259ni apostolluq d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 xristianl\u0131\u011f\u0131n q\u0259bul edilm\u0259si Erm\u0259nistandan v\u0259 \u0130beriyadan daha u\u011furlu olmu\u015fdur. Bunu yaz\u0131l\u0131 m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259r kimi, o d\u00f6vr\u00fcn ger\u00e7\u0259klikl\u0259rinin \u00f6yr\u0259nilm\u0259si d\u0259 s\u00fcbut edir. Xristianl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Albaniyada Erm\u0259nistana nisb\u0259t\u0259n daha erk\u0259n yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcbut ed\u0259n m\u0259tnl\u0259r alban tarix\u00e7isinin bir s\u0131ra m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n, onun \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 d\u0259lil kimi g\u00f6st\u0259ril\u0259n erm\u0259ni katolikosu Avraam\u0131n albanlara m\u0259ktubunda da var: «Etnik qruplar\u0131n m\u00fcxt\u0259lifliyi, politeizmin h\u00f6km s\u00fcrm\u0259si yeni ideologiyan\u0131n, monoteist dinin-xristianl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259lveri\u015fli \u015f\u0259rait yaratm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. T\u0259sad\u00fcfi deyildir ki, Yelisey \u00f6z moiz\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 etnik m\u00fcxt\u0259lifliyin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, se\u00e7il\u0259n Albaniyan\u0131n \u00c7ola vilay\u0259tind\u0259n ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Xristianl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Albaniya vilay\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 daha erk\u0259n daxil olmas\u0131 bar\u0259d\u0259 m\u00fclahiz\u0259l\u0259rimizi Albaniyada apostol Faddeyin (Dadi) v\u0259 onun \u015fagirdi Yeliseyin ad\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 kils\u0259l\u0259rin m\u00f6vcudlu\u011fuda subut edir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N.Adonte yaz\u0131r: «\u0130lk d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259 xristianl\u0131q s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 yay\u0131ld\u0131 v\u0259 Parfiya a\u011fal\u0131\u011f\u0131 vaxt\u0131nda \u015e\u0259rqd\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck u\u011furlar qazand\u0131. Lakin \u0130randa Sasanil\u0259r s\u00fclal\u0259sinin y\u00fcks\u0259li\u015fi il\u0259, onlar\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259n\u00e7ilik siyas\u0259tinin n\u0259tic\u0259si olaraq, iki \u0259srd\u0259n b\u0259ri \u0259ld\u0259 olunan b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u00fcv\u0259ff\u0259qiyy\u0259tl\u0259r he\u00e7\u0259 endirildi». Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259, I-III \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 (birinci m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259) Albaniyada xristianl\u0131\u011f\u0131n t\u0259nt\u0259n\u0259si haqq\u0131nda s\u00f6hb\u0259t bel\u0259 ged\u0259 bilm\u0259z. Xristian dini \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 yaln\u0131z IV \u0259srd\u0259 v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015fl\u0131q h\u00fcququ qazand\u0131 v\u0259 bu da, \u00fcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, xristianl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Yax\u0131n v\u0259 Orta \u015e\u0259rqd\u0259 t\u0259nt\u0259n\u0259si, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259, Roma imperiyas\u0131nda q\u0259l\u0259b\u0259sil\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dard\u0131r. Bu i\u015fd\u0259 alban \u015fahlar\u0131 Ar\u015fakil\u0259rin d\u0259 rolu b\u00f6y\u00fck idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

III \u0259srd\u0259 xristianl\u0131q b\u00fct\u00fcn Ki\u00e7ik Asiyada art\u0131q b\u0259rq\u0259rar olmu\u015fdu. Oraya yax\u0131n vilay\u0259tl\u0259r d\u0259 buna haz\u0131rlan\u0131rd\u0131. II \u0259srin sonunda — III \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 xristianl\u0131q Osroyenada d\u00f6vl\u0259t dini kimi q\u0259bul olundu. Roma imperiyas\u0131nda is\u0259 xristianl\u0131\u011f\u0131n xeyirin\u0259 ilk imperator q\u0259rar\u0131 311-ci ild\u0259 verilmi\u015fdi. Bu q\u0259rara g\u00f6r\u0259 xristianlar b\u00fctp\u0259r\u0259stliyi r\u0259dd etdikl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 ba\u011f\u0131\u015flan\u0131r v\u0259 \u00fcst\u0259lik, \u00f6z dinl\u0259rin\u0259 etiqad etm\u0259k h\u00fcququ qazan\u0131rd\u0131lar. 313-c\u00fc ild\u0259 is\u0259 Konstantin B\u00f6y\u00fck Milan f\u0259rman\u0131n\u0131 verdi. Bu f\u0259rmanla b\u00fct\u00fcn din v\u0259 m\u0259zh\u0259bl\u0259rin azadl\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u0259sdiq olunurdu. F\u0259rman\u0131n ba\u015fqa v\u0259 daha b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259ti ondan ibar\u0259t idi ki, n\u0259inki xristianl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ya\u015faya bilm\u0259sin\u0259 imkan verdi (bu h\u00fcquq h\u0259l\u0259 311-ci il q\u0259rar\u0131nda var idi), h\u0259m d\u0259 onu d\u00f6vl\u0259tin himay\u0259si alt\u0131na ald\u0131. F.M\u0259mm\u0259dovan\u0131n fikrinc\u0259, ikinci m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259 (yunanfil) — xristianl\u0131\u011f\u0131n d\u00f6vl\u0259t dini kimi q\u0259bul edilm\u0259si b\u00fct\u00fcn Zaqafqaziya \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259-Albaniya, Erm\u0259nistan v\u0259 \u0130beriyaya aiddir. Bu d\u00f6vr Maarif\u00e7i Qriqorinin (\u00fc\u00e7 \u00f6lk\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn) v\u0259 alban \u015fah\u0131 Urnayr\u0131n (Albaniya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn) ad\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Xristianl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ilkin m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259sind\u0259 (VI-VII \u0259srl\u0259r, alban ruhaniliyi iqtisadi v\u0259 siyasi c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259i h\u0259l\u0259 z\u0259if idi. H\u0259tta kils\u0259 probleml\u0259rinin h\u0259llind\u0259 alban ruhanil\u0259ri apar\u0131c\u0131 rol oynaya bilmirdil\u0259r. Kils\u0259 kanonik qayda-qanunlar\u0131n\u0131n \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259ri \u015fah\u0131n i\u015ftirak\u0131 il\u0259 zad\u0259ganlar v\u0259 ruhanil\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n i\u015fl\u0259nib haz\u0131rlan\u0131rd\u0131. \u018fyanlar v\u0259 \u015fah \u00f6z m\u00f6h\u00fcrl\u0259rini vurandan sonra bu s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259r h\u00fcquqi q\u00fcvv\u0259y\u0259 minirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alban kils\u0259sin\u0259 k\u0259linc\u0259, dem\u0259liyik ki, onun v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti qeyri-sabit idi. VI-VII \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck alban knyazlar\u0131 Mehranil\u0259rin hakimiyy\u0259ti d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 alban kils\u0259sini iqtisadi v\u0259 siyasi m\u00f6vqeyi k\u00fccl\u0259ndi. 488 v\u0259 705-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 ke\u00e7irilmi\u015f alban kils\u0259 qurultaylar\u0131 kanonlar\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcqayis\u0259 etdikd\u0259, bunu ayd\u0131nca g\u00f6rm\u0259k olar. \u018fg\u0259r 488-ci ilin kanonuna g\u00f6r\u0259 alban ruhaniliyi \u0259yanlar-azatlar qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6z h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131 yaln\u0131z m\u00fcdafi\u0259 edir v\u0259 onlarla b\u0259rab\u0259r olma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131sa, 705-ci il kanonundan ayd\u0131n olur ki, ruhanil\u0259r art\u0131q azatlarla m\u00fcbariz\u0259y\u0259 giri\u015fir, onlar\u0131n \u00f6zba\u015f\u0131nal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r v\u0259 kils\u0259 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 qar\u0131\u015fma\u011f\u0131 onlara q\u0259ti qada\u011fan edirdil\u0259r. VII \u0259srd\u0259 alban kils\u0259 qurultay\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lmas\u0131 t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcs\u00fc kils\u0259y\u0259 r\u0259hb\u0259rlik ed\u0259n v\u0259 onun qanunverici orqan\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda duran alban katolikosuna m\u0259xsus idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 (IV \u0259sr) n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r ki, xristian d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda ideoloji birlik vard\u0131 (doqmatik m\u00fcbahis\u0259l\u0259r h\u0259l\u0259 ba\u015flanmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131), alban ruhanil\u0259ri h\u0259l\u0259 tam formala\u015fmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131, alban kils\u0259 iyerarxik bax\u0131mdan yunan imperiya kils\u0259sind\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131 v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259 idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bel\u0259likl\u0259, ayd\u0131n olur ki, alban kils\u0259si art\u0131q 340-c\u0131 ild\u0259 avtokefal olmu\u015fdur. Kils\u0259nin avtokefall\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar iki m\u00f6vqe, iki m\u00fclahiz\u0259 m\u00f6vcuddur. V.V.Bolotova g\u00f6r\u0259, Suriya-\u0130ran kils\u0259si ilk iyerarxlar\u0131n\u0131 Edess kils\u0259sind\u0259n alaraq, avtokefal oldu v\u0259 \u00f6z tarixi boyu he\u00e7 vaxt Antioxiya patriarxl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan as\u0131l\u0131 v\u0259ziyy\u0259t\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259di. V.V.Bolotovun fikrinc\u0259, Suriya-\u0130ran kils\u0259l\u0259rinin ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6z tabelikl\u0259rind\u0259 olan Suriya-\u0130ran yepiskoplar\u0131 t\u0259yin edirdil\u0259r. V.V.Bolotov Suriya-\u0130ran kils\u0259sinin avtokefall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259b\u0259bini izah etmir. Bizc\u0259, bu, siyasi s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Suriya-\u0130ran kils\u0259sinin m\u00fcst\u0259qil \u0130ran d\u00f6vl\u0259tind\u0259 olmas\u0131 onun azadl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259min edirdi. G\u00fcman etm\u0259k olar ki, alban d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin siyasi statusu ilk iyerarxlar\u0131 Q\u0259dim Yerus\u0259lim patriarxl\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u0259yin edil\u0259n alban kils\u0259sinin \u00e7ox erk\u0259n avtokefal olmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u015f\u0259rait yaratm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ba\u015fqa bir m\u00fclahiz\u0259y\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, yaln\u0131z apostol ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c\u0131na malik olan, y\u0259ni h\u0259r hans\u0131 bir apostolun f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti il\u0259 birba\u015fa \u0259laq\u0259si olan kils\u0259l\u0259r avtokefal adlan\u0131rd\u0131. Avtokefall\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayd\u0131nla\u015fd\u0131ran bu iki m\u00f6vqed\u0259n \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f ed\u0259r\u0259k, inamla dem\u0259k olar ki, alban kils\u0259si \u00e7ox erk\u0259n avtokefal, m\u00fcst\u0259qil olmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F.M\u0259mm\u0259dova daha sonra qeyd edir ki, 551-ci ild\u0259n ba\u015flayaraq, alban katolikoslu\u011funun patriarxlar\u0131 Albaniyan\u0131n, Lpinan\u0131n v\u0259 \u00c7olan\u0131n katolikoslar\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131 da\u015f\u0131y\u0131rd\u0131lar. IV \u0259srd\u0259 alban kils\u0259sinin m\u0259rk\u0259zi paytaxt \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri Q\u0259b\u0259l\u0259 olmu\u015f, V \u0259srd\u0259 is\u0259 yeni sal\u0131nm\u0131\u015f paytaxta- B\u0259rd\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7m\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr. K\u0259nar q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259rin assimilyasiya siyas\u0259tin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 durmaq bax\u0131m\u0131ndan m\u00fch\u00fcm meyar olan avtokefall\u0131\u011f\u0131n t\u0259sdiq edilm\u0259si i\u015find\u0259, habel\u0259, dini ayinl\u0259rin m\u00f6hk\u0259ml\u0259nm\u0259sind\u0259, b\u00fctp\u0259r\u0259st, politeist inamlar\u0131n qal\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259hv edilm\u0259sind\u0259, ruhanil\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn maddi bazan\u0131n yarad\u0131lmas\u0131nda, onlar\u0131n h\u00fcquqi v\u0259 iqtisadi imtiyazlar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00f6hk\u0259ml\u0259nm\u0259sind\u0259, albanlar\u0131n kils\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda maddi v\u0259 iqtisadi t\u0259\u0259hh\u00fcdl\u0259rinin, t\u0259sdiq edilm\u0259sind\u0259 487-488-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 alban \u015fah\u0131 III Va\u00e7aqan t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Aluen qurultay\u0131n\u0131n q\u0259rarlar\u0131 (kanonlar\u0131) b\u00f6yuk rol oynam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Aluen kanonlar\u0131n\u0131 [21 b\u0259nd] d\u00f6rd qrupa b\u00f6lm\u0259k olar: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

1) ruhaniliy\u0259, kils\u0259 xidm\u0259t\u00e7il\u0259rinin qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259, ruhanil\u0259rin h\u00fcquq v\u0259 v\u0259zif\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 aid olan kanonlar; <\/p>\n\n\n\n

2) ruhanil\u0259rl\u0259 \u0259yanlar\u0131n m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rini nizamlayan kanonlar; <\/p>\n\n\n\n

3) ruhanil\u0259rl\u0259 adi xristianlar\u0131n m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rini nizamlayan kanonlar; <\/p>\n\n\n\n

4) s\u0131rf h\u00fcquqi xarakter da\u015f\u0131yan kanonlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kils\u0259 hakimiyy\u0259ti kils\u0259-inzibati vahidl\u0259ri \u00fczr\u0259 (yeparxiya v\u0259 yepiskonluq) b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Albaniyada yepiskoplu\u011fun \u0259razisi vilay\u0259tin \u0259razisi il\u0259, y\u0259ni kils\u0259 vahidi inzibati-\u0259razi vahidi il\u0259 eyni idi. Ba\u015fqa s\u00f6zl\u0259 des\u0259k, vilay\u0259tin \u0259razisi, h\u0259m d\u0259 kils\u0259nin \u0259razisi say\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Ancaq Albaniyada vilay\u0259tl\u0259rin bir \u00e7oxunda yepiskopluq yox idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcrc\u00fc kils\u0259si kimi alban kils\u0259si d\u0259 doqmatik bax\u0131mdan he\u00e7 d\u0259 h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 monofizit<\/span> c\u0259r\u0259yan\u0131na sadiq olmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Sasanil\u0259rin Zaqafqaziyada siyasi t\u0259sirinin z\u0259ifl\u0259m\u0259si kils\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 monofizitliyin hegemonlu\u011funun s\u00fcqutuna g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xard\u0131. VI \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 v\u0259 VII \u0259srd\u0259 Zaqafqaziyada Bizans\u0131n siyasi t\u0259sirinin g\u00fccl\u0259nm\u0259si il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar olaraq, alban v\u0259 g\u00fcrc\u00fc kils\u0259l\u0259ri diofizit <\/span>c\u0259r\u0259yan\u0131na qo\u015fuldular.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

VIII \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 Zaqafqaziya \u0259r\u0259bl\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n sonra \u0259r\u0259bl\u0259rin t\u0259zyiqi v\u0259 erm\u0259ni kils\u0259sinin t\u0259siri il\u0259 alban kils\u0259si diofizitl\u0259rl\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259rini k\u0259sdi.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bel\u0259likl\u0259, 705-ci ild\u0259 erm\u0259ni katolikosu \u0130lya x\u0259lif\u0259 \u018fbd \u0259l-Malik\u0259 (685-705) \u00e7u\u011fulluq el\u0259yir ki, albanlar Bizansla \u0259laq\u0259y\u0259 gir\u0259r\u0259k, xilaf\u0259t\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131xmaq ist\u0259yirl\u0259r, el\u0259 buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259, diofizit m\u0259zh\u0259bin\u0259 etiqad el\u0259yirl\u0259r. Katolikos \u0130lya x\u0259lif\u0259y\u0259 yaz\u0131rd\u0131: «Albaniyan\u0131n B\u0259rd\u0259 taxt\u0131nda \u0259yl\u0259\u015fmi\u015f indiki alban katolikosu yunan imperatoru il\u0259 sazi\u015f\u0259 girib, \u00f6z dualar\u0131nda imperatoru xat\u0131rlay\u0131r v\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259ni onun dinin\u0259 inanma\u011fa, imperatorun himay\u0259si alt\u0131na ke\u00e7m\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259cbur edir».<\/strong> Bundan sonra x\u0259lif\u0259 \u018fbd \u0259l-Malik \u0259r\u0259bl\u0259rin h\u0259rbi-siyasi g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u0259 arxalanaraq, alban katolikoslu\u011funu \u0130lyaya tabe etdirdi. Bu as\u0131l\u0131l\u0131q ona g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xard\u0131 ki, eyni h\u00fcquqa v\u0259 m\u0259ns\u0259b\u0259 malik olan din xadiml\u0259rind\u0259n biri dig\u0259rin\u0259 tabe olurdu, y\u0259ni alban katolikosu \u0259lqoyman\u0131 erm\u0259ni katolikosundan q\u0259bul edirdi. Bu is\u0259 \u00fcmumi iyerarxik qanunlar\u0131n pozulmas\u0131 dem\u0259k idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bel\u0259likl\u0259, \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 Ar\u015fakil\u0259rin v\u0259 alban knyazlar\u0131 Mehranil\u0259rin m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f hakimiyy\u0259tinin yoxlu\u011fu, vahid etnosun olmamas\u0131, \u0259hali aras\u0131nda yay\u0131lan etiqadlar\u0131n \u00e7oxlu\u011fu, xristianl\u0131\u011f\u0131n h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 \u00fcmumxalq dinin\u0259 \u00e7evrilm\u0259diyi bir \u015f\u0259raitd\u0259 alban kils\u0259si \u0259r\u0259b xilaf\u0259tinin siyas\u0259tin\u0259 v\u0259 ona yax\u0131ndan k\u00f6m\u0259k g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n erm\u0259ni kils\u0259sin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 dura bilm\u0259di, erm\u0259ni kils\u0259si kimi xalq\u0131 birl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n q\u00fcvv\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7evrilm\u0259di. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131n n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259, Albaniyan\u0131n islamla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na, \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259ni-ideoloji assimilyasiyaya-xristian albanlar\u0131n qriqorianla\u015fmas\u0131na (erm\u0259nil\u0259\u015fm\u0259sin\u0259) v\u0259 g\u00fcrc\u00fcl\u0259\u015fm\u0259sin\u0259 g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vahid \u00d6m\u0259rov,<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259 \u00fczr\u0259 f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259 doktoru<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Albaniyada \u0259sas din xristianl\u0131q idi. Akademik Z.B\u00fcnyadov v\u0259 tarix\u00e7i-alim N.V\u0259lixanl\u0131n\u0131n fikrinc\u0259, Albaniyada xristianl\u0131\u011f\u0131n d\u00f6vl\u0259t dini kimi q\u0259bul edilm\u0259si alban h\u00f6kmdar\u0131 Urnayr\u0131n ad\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":57701,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-57697","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arasdirma"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57697","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=57697"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57697\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":57703,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57697\/revisions\/57703"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/57701"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=57697"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=57697"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=57697"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}