{"id":5784,"date":"2020-05-11T03:47:32","date_gmt":"2020-05-10T23:47:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=5784"},"modified":"2020-05-13T09:05:35","modified_gmt":"2020-05-13T05:05:35","slug":"tarix-az%c9%99rbaycandan-baslayir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=5784","title":{"rendered":"Tarix Az\u0259rbaycandan ba\u015flay\u0131r…"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ravil Nuhvadili<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mehriban v\u0259 ba\u011f\u0131\u015flayan Allah\u0131n ad\u0131yla.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6nc\u0259d\u0259n bildirim ki, tarix ilk \u00f6nc\u0259 dini m\u0259lumatlardan ba\u015flay\u0131b v\u0259 «Qurani-K\u0259rim»\u0259 m\u0259nb\u0259 kimi baxmay\u0131b, «T\u00f6vrat» v\u0259 «\u0130ncil»d\u0259ki m\u0259lumatlar\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 ehtiva ed\u0259n «Bibliya»n\u0131 elmi m\u0259nb\u0259 sayanlardan f\u0259rqli olaraq m\u0259n «Qurani-K\u0259rim»\u0259 istinad ed\u0259c\u0259y\u0259m v\u0259 bu m\u0259lumatlar\u0131 t\u0259sdiq ed\u0259n tarixi m\u0259lumatlara da istinad etm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011fam.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali-\u0130mran sur\u0259si (3-c\u00fc sur\u0259)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

7. Kitab\u0131 s\u0259n\u0259 nazil ed\u0259n Odur. O Kitab\u0131n bir qismi m\u0259nas\u0131 ayd\u0131n ay\u0259l\u0259rdir ki, bunlar da Kitab\u0131n anas\u0131d\u0131r. Dig\u0259rl\u0259ri is\u0259 m\u0259nas\u0131 ayd\u0131n olmayan ay\u0259l\u0259rdir. Q\u0259lbl\u0259rind\u0259 \u0259yrilik olanlar fitn\u0259-f\u0259sad t\u00f6r\u0259tm\u0259k v\u0259 ist\u0259dikl\u0259ri kimi yozmaq m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 m\u0259nas\u0131 ayd\u0131n olmayan\u0131n ard\u0131nca d\u00fc\u015f\u0259rl\u0259r. Onun yozumunu is\u0259 Allahdan ba\u015fqa he\u00e7 k\u0259s bilm\u0259z. Elmd\u0259 q\u00fcvv\u0259tli olanlar is\u0259 dey\u0259rl\u0259r: \u201cBiz onlara iman g\u0259tirdik, ham\u0131s\u0131 bizim R\u0259bbimizd\u0259ndir\u201d. Bunu is\u0259 ancaq a\u011f\u0131l sahibl\u0259ri d\u0259rk ed\u0259rl\u0259r.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

33. Allah Ad\u0259mi, Nuhu, \u0130brahimin n\u0259slini v\u0259 \u0130mran\u0131n n\u0259slini se\u00e7ib al\u0259ml\u0259rd\u0259n \u00fcst\u00fcn etdi.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u018fl-H\u00fccurat (Otaqlar) sur\u0259si (49-cu sur\u0259)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

13. Ey insanlar ! Biz sizi bir ki\u015fi v\u0259 bir qad\u0131ndan yaratd\u0131q. Sonra bir birinizl\u0259 tan\u0131\u015f olas\u0131n\u0131z (kimliyinizi bil\u0259siniz) dey\u0259, sizi ayr-ayr\u0131 xalqlar etdik…<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Burada bir ha\u015fiy\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xmaq g\u0259r\u0259kir. Yuxar\u0131dak\u0131 iki ay\u0259d\u0259n bunu anlamaq olar ki, insanlar daha \u00f6nc\u0259d\u0259n var olmu\u015f, sad\u0259c\u0259 Ad\u0259m(\u0259) onlar\u0131n aras\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilmi\u015f v\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck verilmi\u015fdir. Bunu arxeoloji tap\u0131nt\u0131lar da, t\u0259dqiqatlar da t\u0259sdiq edir. Hz.Ad\u0259min(\u0259) ba\u011f\u0131\u015flanmas\u0131 v\u0259 xan\u0131m\u0131 H\u0259vva il\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcy\u00fc yerin ad\u0131n\u0131n izah\u0131 \u0259r\u0259bc\u0259 deyil yaln\u0131z q\u0259dim Az\u0259r-T\u00fcrk dilind\u0259 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bel\u0259 ki, bu yerin ad\u0131 ARAFAT da\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011funu ham\u0131 bilir. Bu ad\u0131n m\u0259nas\u0131n\u0131 q\u0259dim Az\u0259r-T\u00fcrk dilind\u0259 izah etm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015faq. Q\u0259dimd\u0259 AR-insan,adam m\u0259nas\u0131nda(h\u0259m d\u0259 igid,c\u0259sur m\u0259nas\u0131nda) i\u015fl\u0259ndiyini, AF s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn bu g\u00fcnk\u00fc Anadolu t\u00fcrkc\u0259sind\u0259(bizd\u0259 \u0259fv) ba\u011f\u0131\u015flanma anlam\u0131nda oldu\u011funu, AT is\u0259 ucal\u0131q, da\u011f m\u0259nas\u0131 verdiyini n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alsaq, Arafat—«Ba\u011f\u0131\u015flanan insan da\u011f\u0131» kimi anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Bu q\u0259bild\u0259n q\u0259dim ARARAT da\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131 da «C\u0259sur insanlar\u0131n da\u011f\u0131» anlam\u0131 da\u015f\u0131y\u0131r. Bir xalq\u0131n tarixini \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn onun ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0259razid\u0259ki yaz\u0131l\u0131 v\u0259 \u015fifahi toponiml\u0259rd\u0259n d\u00fczg\u00fcn istifad\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n h\u0259qiq\u0259tl\u0259ri a\u015fkar etm\u0259k olar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Tarix<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Az\u0259rbaycanda apar\u0131lan arxeoloji t\u0259dqiqatlarla dini m\u0259lumatlar\u0131 m\u00fcqayis\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k fikirl\u0259rimi \u0259sasland\u0131rma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011fam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Az\u0131x ma\u011faras\u0131 Ki\u00e7ik Qafqazda, Quru\u00e7ay\u0131n sol sahilind\u0259 Tu\u011f (yeri g\u0259lmi\u015fk\u0259n, Z\u0259ng\u0259zur mahal\u0131n\u0131n M\u0131\u011fr\u0131 (n\u00fcv\u0259dilil\u0259r bel\u0259 adland\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131lar, mu\u011f tayfas\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131yla ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r) rayonunun indi \u015evanidzor adlanan k\u0259ndinin \u0259sil ad\u0131 Tu\u011futdur ki, bu adlar\u0131n bir-biriyl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu \u015f\u0259ksizdir) \u00e7\u00f6k\u0259kliyind\u0259, \u00e7aydan 3 km aral\u0131da olub, indiki \u00e7ay yata\u011f\u0131ndan 200-250 metr h\u00fcnd\u00fcrd\u0259dir. Ma\u011faran\u0131n daxil oldu\u011fu n\u00f6qt\u0259 d\u0259niz s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259n 950-1000 m, h\u0259min da\u011f\u0131n zirv\u0259si is\u0259 d\u0259niz s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259n 1400 m y\u00fcks\u0259kdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ma\u011fara v\u0259 onun qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndak\u0131 d\u0259r\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif h\u00fcnd\u00fcrl\u00fckd\u0259 t\u0259p\u0259l\u0259r il\u0259 birlikd\u0259 10×15 km-lik b\u00f6y\u00fck Tu\u011f k\u0259ndi \u00e7\u00f6k\u0259kliyin\u0259 daxildir. H\u0259min \u00e7\u00f6k\u0259klikd\u0259 Quru\u00e7ay\u0131n \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259tirdiyi antropogen d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u0259 aid 10-a q\u0259d\u0259r \u00e7ay terraslar\u0131 qeyd\u0259 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10 qat t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259y\u0259 malik Az\u0131x\u0131n q\u0259dim t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n toplanm\u0131\u015f materiallar kompleksi dan\u0131lmaz yerli x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n dig\u0259r ya\u015f\u0131d abid\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n f\u0259rql\u0259ndiyin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131lar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n Quru\u00e7ay m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259ti adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Az\u0131x ma\u011faras\u0131nda bel\u0259 bir m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tin izl\u0259rin\u0259 t\u0259sad\u00fcf etm\u0259k elmi c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t k\u0259sb edir. Bu m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tin Az\u0131xda varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir daha g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, Az\u0259rbaycanda, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n b\u00fct\u00fcn Zaqafqaziyada v\u0259 Ki\u00e7ik Asiyada insan\u0131n q\u0259dim homo sapiens—tipli \u0259cdadlar\u0131 h\u0259yat s\u00fcr\u0259 bil\u0259rdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Q\u0259dim Az\u0131x sakinl\u0259ri \u015fell-a\u015fel v\u0259 a\u015felin birinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda ya\u015fad\u0131qlar\u0131 co\u011frafi \u0259razinin t\u0259bii z\u0259nginliyin\u0259 \u00e7ox yax\u015f\u0131 b\u0259l\u0259d olmu\u015flar.Buradan tap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f xammal\u0131n t\u0259rkibinin m\u00fcxt\u0259lifliyi d\u0259 buna canl\u0131 s\u00fcbutdur. Biz bilirik ki, h\u0259r hans\u0131 bir istehsal\u0131n v\u0259 onun texnikas\u0131nin inki\u015faf\u0131 \u0259sas\u0259n xammal\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan as\u0131l\u0131 ola bil\u0259rdi. Y\u00fcks\u0259k keyfiyy\u0259t\u0259 malik ola bil\u0259n xammal (da\u015f material\u0131) Az\u0131x ma\u011faras\u0131 yerl\u0259\u015fdiyi co\u011frafi \u0259razid\u0259 kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259rdir. .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Az\u0131x (AZO\u011e) ma\u011faras\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u0259rg\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n k\u00fclli miqdarda da\u015f m\u0259mulat\u0131 v\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif heyvanlar\u0131n da\u015fla\u015fm\u0131\u015f s\u00fcm\u00fckl\u0259ri tap\u0131l\u0131b \u00f6yr\u0259nilmi\u015fdir. Qaz\u0131nt\u0131lar zaman\u0131 a\u015fel t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259sind\u0259n (1968-ci ild\u0259 V qatdan) ilk d\u0259f\u0259 \u0259n q\u0259dim insan\u0131n — az\u0131xantropun alt \u00e7\u0259n\u0259si tap\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bu t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck ocaq yeri, i\u00e7\u0259risnd\u0259 ay\u0131 k\u0259ll\u0259l\u0259ri olan dini-sehirli x\u0259lv\u0259txana a\u015fkar edilmi\u015fdir. Paleoantropoloji tap\u0131nt\u0131 n\u0259inki Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn Zaqafqaziyan\u0131n a\u015fel adam\u0131n\u0131n fiziki qurulu\u015funun m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259sind\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck rol oynay\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qiym\u0259tli paleolit abid\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n birisi d\u0259 Ta\u011flar ma\u011faras\u0131d\u0131r. Ma\u011fara Az\u0131x\u0131n (AZO\u011e-un) yax\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndad\u0131r. burada ilk qaz\u0131nt\u0131ya 1964-c\u00fc ild\u0259n ba\u015flan\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. T\u0259dqiqat zaman\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 m\u0259d\u0259ni t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilmi\u015fdir. H\u0259min t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259l\u0259rin ikisi mustye, \u00fcst t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259 is\u0259 yuxar\u0131 paleolitin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rin\u0259 aid edilmi\u015fdir. H\u0259r iki ma\u011fara d\u00fc\u015f\u0259rg\u0259si tarixi-xronoloji c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n bir-birinin davam\u0131 olmaqla, h\u0259m d\u0259 biri dig\u0259rini tamamlay\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yaz\u0131l\u0131 m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 \u0130ki\u00e7ayaras\u0131nda m\u00f6hk\u0259ml\u0259n\u0259n kutil\u0259r bar\u0259d\u0259 ilk m\u0259lumatlar e.\u0259. lll minilliy\u0259, y\u0259ni 4,5-5 min \u00f6nc\u0259y\u0259 aiddir. Maraql\u0131d\u0131r ki, bu tarix \u201cO\u011fuznam\u0259\u201dl\u0259rd\u0259 s\u00f6yl\u0259nil\u0259nl\u0259rl\u0259 \u00fcst-\u00fcst\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. \u201cHunlar\u0131n, t\u00fcrkl\u0259rin, mo\u011follar\u0131n v\u0259 daha sair q\u0259rbi tatarlar\u0131n \u00fcmumi tarixi\u201d adl\u0131 \u00e7ox maraql\u0131 monoqrafiyan\u0131n m\u00fc\u0259llifi J.D\u00f6gin (1721-1800) yaz\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u0421\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u201dSonra (O\u011fuz xan) \u0130raq\u0131 (\u0130ki\u00e7ayaras\u0131n\u0131)\u2026 f\u0259th ed\u0259r\u0259k \u015eam, yaxud Suriyaya q\u0259d\u0259r ir\u0259lil\u0259di v\u0259 orada uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259t oturdu\u2026 O\u011fuz xandan \u00c7ingiz xana q\u0259d\u0259r t\u0259qrib\u0259n d\u00f6rd min il ke\u00e7diyi hesab edilir. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259, O\u011fuz xan e.\u0259. 2800 il ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olacaqd\u0131r.\u201d (Tahirzad\u0259, 1991, s. 63).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

O\u011fuz xan\u0131n \u00e7ox q\u0259dim zamanlarda ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u0259y\u0259n t\u00fcrkiy\u0259li alim Besim Atalay onun t\u0259xmin\u0259n 4590 il \u00f6nc\u0259 ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirm\u0259kd\u0259dir. \u018fdal\u0259t Tahirzad\u0259 bununla \u0259laq\u0259d\u0259r yaz\u0131r ki, Besim Atalay\u0131n bu s\u00f6zl\u0259ri 1920-ci ild\u0259 yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alsaq, O\u011fuz xan\u0131n tarixi e.\u0259. 2670-ci il\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cBu tarix J. D\u00f6ginin g\u00f6st\u0259rdiyind\u0259n c\u0259mi 130 il azd\u0131r v\u0259 D\u00f6ginin yazd\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7\u0259kliyin\u0259 inam\u0131 bir daha art\u0131r\u0131r.\u201d (Tahirzad\u0259,1991, s. 64).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kuti imperatorlu\u011funun (e.\u0259 2200-e.\u0259 2109) paytaxt\u0131 olmu\u015f bug\u00fcnk\u00fc K\u0259rk\u00fck \u015f\u0259h\u0259rinin tarixi bilinm\u0259y\u0259n d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259n o\u011fuz-t\u00fcrkm\u0259nl\u0259rl\u0259 m\u0259skun olmas\u0131 fakt\u0131 da kutil\u0259rin q\u0259dim o\u011fuzlar olduqlar\u0131 bar\u0259d\u0259 s\u00f6yl\u0259nil\u0259n fikirl\u0259r\u0259 haqq qazand\u0131rmaqdad\u0131r. H\u0259r halda, fakt budur ki, K\u0259rk\u00fck o\u011fuzlar\u0131n\u0131n guya h\u0259min \u0259raziy\u0259 S\u0259lcuqlar v\u0259 ya Abbasil\u0259r d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 g\u0259ldikl\u0259ri, ondan \u00f6nc\u0259 s\u00f6z\u00fcged\u0259n \u0259razid\u0259 t\u00fcrkl\u0259rin ya\u015famad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bar\u0259d\u0259 fikirl\u0259r \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc do\u011frultmur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Maraql\u0131d\u0131r ki, F\u0259zlullah R\u0259\u015fid\u0259ddin o\u011fuzlar\u0131n \u0130ki\u00e7ayaras\u0131na hakim olmam\u0131\u015fdan \u00f6nc\u0259 O\u011fuz xan\u0131n Az\u0259rbaycandak\u0131 Alada\u011fda iqam\u0259t etdiyini bildirir (\u0421\u0435\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432, 2005, c. 22-24). Burada Alada\u011f toponimi diqq\u0259ti \u00e7\u0259km\u0259y\u0259 bilmir. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 buras\u0131ndad\u0131r ki, s\u00f6z\u00fcged\u0259n d\u00f6vrl\u0259r\u0259 aid \u015fumer-akkad m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259razisind\u0259 m\u00f6vcud olmu\u015f Aratta \u00f6lk\u0259sind\u0259n s\u00f6z a\u00e7\u0131lmaqdad\u0131r v\u0259 m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259r h\u0259min \u00f6lk\u0259nin ad\u0131 il\u0259 s\u00f6z\u00fcged\u0259n da\u011f\u0131n ad\u0131 aras\u0131nda bir ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131q g\u00f6r\u00fcrl\u0259r. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, Yusif Yusifov yaz\u0131r ki, \u201cAratta\u201d k\u0259lm\u0259sinin m\u0259nas\u0131 da\u011f dem\u0259kdir. Eradan \u0259vv\u0259l Vlll \u0259sr\u0259 aid \u015fumer-akkad l\u00fc\u011f\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259 h\u0259min k\u0259lm\u0259nin \u201carrattu\u201d v\u0259 \u201caratu\u201dformalar\u0131na da rast g\u0259linir v\u0259 m\u0259nas\u0131n\u0131n da\u011f oldu\u011fu bildirilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fikrimizc\u0259, R\u0259\u015fid\u0259ddin \u201cO\u011fuznam\u0259\u201dsind\u0259 O\u011fuz xan\u0131n Az\u0259rbaycandak\u0131 yurd yerinin Alada\u011f olmas\u0131 fakt\u0131 t\u0259sad\u00fcf\u0259n qeyd edim\u0259yib. S\u00f6z\u00fcged\u0259n \u201cO\u011fuznam\u0259\u201dd\u0259 oxuyuruq:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cYay aylar\u0131nda onlar (o\u011fuzlar) bu vilay\u0259tl\u0259rin b\u00fct\u00fcn yaylaqlar\u0131n\u0131 S\u0259balan, Alataq v\u0259 A\u011fdiberiy\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r b\u00fct\u00fcn da\u011fl\u0131q yerl\u0259rini \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irdil\u0259r. Deyil\u0259n\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 Alataq ad\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 S\u0259balan ad\u0131n\u0131 da onlar vermi\u015fl\u0259r. T\u00fcrk dilind\u0259 \u201cmeydana g\u0259l\u0259n\u201d, \u201cdik\u0259l\u0259n\u201d bir \u015fey\u0259 s\u0259balan deyilir.\u201d (\u0421\u0435\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432, 2005, c. 22)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eumerl\u0259rd\u0259n d\u00f6vr\u00fcm\u00fcz\u0259d\u0259k ula\u015fan \u0259n maraql\u0131 s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259rd\u0259n biri \u0130ki\u00e7ayaras\u0131nda tufandan \u00f6nc\u0259 v\u0259 sonra hakimiyy\u0259td\u0259 olmu\u015f s\u00fclal\u0259l\u0259rin v\u0259 onlar\u0131n h\u00f6kmdarlar\u0131n\u0131n adlar\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 hakimiyy\u0259t ill\u0259rinin qeyd edildiyi s\u0259n\u0259ddir ki, bu s\u0259n\u0259dd\u0259 kuti h\u00f6kmdarlar\u0131n\u0131n da adlar\u0131 v\u0259 hakimiyy\u0259t ill\u0259ri qeyd olunmu\u015fdur. Kutil\u0259rin yerli \u015fumer \u0259halisi t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcnk\u00fcl\u0259r kimi q\u0259bul edildiyinin anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu s\u0259n\u0259dd\u0259 diqq\u0259ti \u00e7\u0259k\u0259n \u0259n \u00f6n\u0259mli m\u0259qam kuti h\u00f6kmdarlar\u0131n\u0131n hakimiyy\u0259t m\u00fcdd\u0259tl\u0259rinin \u00f6nc\u0259ki s\u00fclal\u0259l\u0259rin hakimiyy\u0259t m\u00fcdd\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n f\u0259rqli olaraq, m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n nizama tabe olmas\u0131 v\u0259 bir sistem t\u0259\u015fkil etm\u0259sidir (A\u011fas\u0131o\u011flu, 2005, s. 151).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u0259\u015fhur norve\u00e7li s\u0259yyah v\u0259 alim Tur Heyerdal da Qobustandak\u0131 g\u0259mi t\u0259svirl\u0259rini t\u0259dqiq etdikd\u0259n sonra \u015fumerl\u0259rin Messopatamiyaya buradan k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcb getdikl\u0259rini bildirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Q\u0259dim \u015fumer yaz\u0131l\u0131 abid\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n bel\u0259 m\u0259lum olur ki, Messopatamiyaya k\u00f6\u00e7\u0259n v\u0259 burada \u00f6z d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rini quran \u015fumerl\u0259rin ilk hakim s\u00fclal\u0259si Ki\u015f s\u00fclal\u0259si, ilk \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259ri d\u0259 Ki\u015f \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri olmu\u015fdur. Buradak\u0131 \u201cKi\u015f\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131n \u015e\u0259ki rayonu \u0259razisind\u0259ki Ki\u015f \u00e7ay\u0131 v\u0259 Ki\u015f k\u0259ndinin ad\u0131 il\u0259 \u00fcst-\u00fcst\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259si he\u00e7 d\u0259 t\u0259sad\u00fcfi deyildir. G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr, q\u0259dim \u015fumerl\u0259r Az\u0259rbaycandan \u0130ki\u00e7ayaras\u0131na k\u00f6\u00e7\u0259rk\u0259n \u0259ski yurdlar\u0131n\u0131n adlar\u0131n\u0131 da \u00f6zl\u0259ri il\u0259 aparm\u0131\u015flar. M\u0259lumat \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bildir\u0259k ki, eyni adl\u0131 \u00e7ay Nax\u00e7\u0131van\u0131n \u015e\u0259rur rayonu \u0259razisind\u0259 d\u0259 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cT\u00f6vrat\u201dda Nuh tufan\u0131ndan, Nuhun o\u011fullar\u0131 v\u0259 onlar\u0131n soylar\u0131 bar\u0259d\u0259 m\u0259lumat verildikd\u0259n sonra tufandan sa\u011f \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015f insanlar\u0131n soylar\u0131ndan yaranan xalq\u0131n \u015eumer \u00f6lk\u0259sin\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7m\u0259sind\u0259n d\u0259 b\u0259hs edilir. K\u00f6\u00e7\u0259nl\u0259rin \u015e\u0259rq \u00f6lk\u0259sind\u0259n k\u00f6\u00e7d\u00fckl\u0259ri bildirilir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"N\u00fcv\u0259di<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u201cYer \u00fcz\u00fcnd\u0259 bir dil v\u0259 bir l\u0259hc\u0259 var idi. Nuh \u00f6vladlar\u0131 \u015e\u0259rqd\u0259n h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t\u0259 ke\u00e7\u0259r\u0259k \u015eumer \u00f6lk\u0259sind\u0259 d\u00fcz\u0259nlik bir yer tapd\u0131lar\u201d(\u0411\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u044f, l. X. l).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f6rd\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fcz kimi, T\u00f6vratda \u015fumerlrin \u015eumer \u00f6lk\u0259sin\u0259 \u015e\u0259rq \u00f6lk\u0259-sind\u0259n g\u0259ldiyi bildirilir. Q\u0259dim v\u0259 orta \u0259srl\u0259r y\u0259hudi v\u0259 xristian abid\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n Musa Ka\u011fankatl\u0131n\u0131n \u201cAlbaniya tarixi\u201dkitab\u0131nda \u201c\u015e\u0259rq \u00f6lk\u0259si\u201d deyil\u0259rk\u0259n \u015fimali Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259razisi n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Musa Ka\u011fankatl\u0131 eyni zamanda \u015e\u0259kid\u0259ki Ki\u015f k\u0259ndinin \u015e\u0259rq \u00f6lk\u0259sind\u0259 oldu\u011funu qeyd ed\u0259r\u0259k yaz\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cM\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s patrik Ki\u015f\u0259 g\u0259lir,burada kils\u0259 tikir v\u0259 qans\u0131z qurban verir. Bu yer \u015e\u0259rqin b\u00fct\u00fcn kils\u0259 v\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rinin ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r\u2026\u201d(Kalankaytuklu 1993)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Musa Ka\u011fankatl\u0131n\u0131n q\u0259dim y\u0259hudi v\u0259 xristian m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 istinad\u0259n verdiyi bir m\u0259lumat da \u00e7ox maraql\u0131d\u0131r. Onun yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bel\u0259 ayd\u0131n olur ki, q\u0259dim \u00c7ol, y\u0259ni D\u0259rb\u0259nd \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri d\u0259 \u015e\u0259rq \u00f6lk\u0259sin\u0259 daxil olmu\u015fdur. Dem\u0259li, \u015fumerl\u0259r \u0130kicayaras\u0131na, ba\u015fqa s\u00f6zl\u0259 Messopatamiyaya \u015e\u0259rq \u00f6lk\u0259sind\u0259ki, y\u0259ni Az\u0259rbaycandak\u0131 Ki\u015f \u00e7ay\u0131 h\u00f6vz\u0259sind\u0259n k\u00f6\u00e7m\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcl\u0259r. Erm\u0259nil\u0259rin uydurduqlqr\u0131ndan f\u0259rqli olaraq avropal\u0131lardan da \u00f6nc\u0259 ilk xristianl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycan t\u00fcrkl\u0259ri q\u0259bul etmi\u015fl\u0259r ki, bu da onlar\u0131n Allaha inam\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131ndan ir\u0259li g\u0259lirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f6rk\u0259mli Az\u0259rbaycan tarix\u00e7isi \u018fbu B\u0259kr Tehraninin 1471-ci ild\u0259 q\u0259l\u0259m\u0259 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 «Kitabi-Diyarb\u0259kriyy\u0259»d\u0259 A\u011fqoyunlular s\u00fclal\u0259sind\u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck Az\u0259rbaycan imperatoru Uzun H\u0259s\u0259ni 68-ci n\u0259sild\u0259 H\u0259zr\u0259t Ad\u0259m\u0259 ba\u011flay\u0131r(Riyazi hesablamalarla b\u0259lk\u0259 d\u0259 bu inand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcr, amma h\u0259r halda bizd\u0259n xeyli \u00f6nc\u0259 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f tarix\u00e7inin \u0259lind\u0259 ola bilsin m\u00fc\u0259\u0259yy\u0259n m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259r olub). Uzun H\u0259s\u0259n d\u0259 O\u011fuzlardan (\u0259slind\u0259 O\u011e AZ) olmas\u0131 m\u0259nim fikirl\u0259rimi t\u0259sdiql\u0259yir. \u018fbu B\u0259kr Tehranini \u00f6z \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 \u201cKitabi-D\u0259d\u0259 Qorqud\u201d personajlar\u0131n\u0131 da real tarixi \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tl\u0259r kimi t\u0259qdim edilir. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, Az\u0259rbaycan h\u00f6kmdar\u0131n\u0131n 52-ci g\u00f6b\u0259kd\u0259n ulu babas\u0131 adland\u0131r\u0131lan Bayand\u0131r xandan s\u00f6hb\u0259t a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r v\u0259 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 son d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259 qiym\u0259tli m\u0259lumat verilir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bayand\u0131r xan pad\u015fahl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 \u0130ran\u0131, Turan\u0131, Rumu, \u015eam\u0131, Misiri, \u018ffr\u0259nci (Avropan\u0131), X\u0259tay\u0131, Q\u0131p\u00e7aq \u00e7\u00f6ll\u0259rini ald\u0131. Be\u00e7enek onun ki\u00e7ik qarda\u015f\u0131 idi. Bayand\u0131r xan onu Sayramda \u00f6z n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259si t\u0259yin etdi. \u00d6z\u00fc q\u0131\u015flama\u011fa Qaraba\u011fa, yaylama\u011fa G\u00f6y\u00e7\u0259 g\u00f6l\u00fcn\u0259 getdi (Koro\u011flu, 1999, s. 66)…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

«Bibliya»ya v\u0259 dig\u0259r tarixi m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 \u0259saslanaraq ilk insanlar\u0131n v\u0259t\u0259nini Az\u0259rbaycanda axtarmaq laz\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lk \u00f6nc\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alsaq ki, ulu \u0259cadadlar\u0131m\u0131z Mesapatomiyadak\u0131 \u0130ki\u00e7ayaras\u0131na k\u00f6\u00e7m\u0259zd\u0259n \u00f6nc\u0259, daha q\u0259dim tarix\u0259 malik \u0130ki\u00e7ayaras\u0131 Araz v\u0259 K\u00fcr \u00e7aylar\u0131n\u0131n aras\u0131nda t\u0259\u015f\u0259kk\u00fcl tapm\u0131\u015flar. Bunu yuxar\u0131da Quru\u00e7ay m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tinin arxeoloji t\u0259dqiqatlar\u0131 t\u0259sdiq edir. Daha sonra H\u0259mz\u0259 V\u0259linin q\u0259dim N\u00fcv\u0259did\u0259n tapd\u0131\u011f\u0131 da\u015f yaz\u0131larla yana\u015f\u0131 N\u00fcv\u0259di k\u0259ndind\u0259ki toponiml\u0259r d\u0259 onu t\u0259sdiql\u0259yir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

«\u018fraf» sur\u0259si<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

74. Xat\u0131rlay\u0131n ki, O, sizi Ad q\u00f6vm\u00fcnd\u0259n sonra x\u0259l\u0259fl\u0259r etdi v\u0259 yer \u00fcz\u00fcnd\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015fdirdi. Siz d\u0259 onun d\u00fcz\u0259nlikl\u0259rind\u0259 q\u0259srl\u0259r tikir, da\u011flarda evl\u0259r yonursunuz. Allah\u0131n nem\u0259tl\u0259rini yada sal\u0131n, yer \u00fcz\u00fcnd\u0259 f\u0259sad yayaraq pis i\u015fl\u0259r g\u00f6rm\u0259yin\u201d.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bu ay\u0259d\u0259ki \u0259rb\u0259c\u0259 s\u0259sl\u0259n\u0259n Ad q\u00f6vm\u00fc \u0259slind\u0259 Az q\u00f6vm\u00fc kimi oxunmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bel\u0259 ki, \u0259b\u0259b dilind\u0259 yaz\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 eyni olan h\u0259m «D» , h\u0259m d\u0259 «Z» kimi s\u0259sl\u0259ndiril\u0259n h\u0259rfd\u0259n istifad\u0259 edilib. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, \u0259r\u0259bc\u0259 «v\u0259lazzalin» h\u0259m d\u0259 «v\u0259laddalin» v\u0259 yaxud «Ramazan» h\u0259m d\u0259 «Ramadan» kimi d\u0259 oxundu\u011funu n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alsaq, dem\u0259li «Ad» \u0259slind\u0259 «Az» kimi oxunmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnki tarixd\u0259 Ad q\u00f6vm\u00fcn\u00fcn izl\u0259ri dem\u0259k olar yoxdur v\u0259 onlardan sonra hans\u0131 xalqlar\u0131n yaranmas\u0131 sual alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. Amma Az q\u00f6vm\u00fc kimi oxunduqda ay\u0259nin m\u0259nas\u0131 tam ayd\u0131n olur. Bu deyil\u0259nl\u0259r\u0259 tarixi m\u0259lumatlarla ayd\u0131nl\u0131q g\u0259tir\u0259k. G\u00f6rk\u0259mli t\u00fcrkoloq-tarix\u00e7i Firudin C\u0259lilovun Az boyu haqq\u0131nda yazd\u0131qlar\u0131na n\u0259z\u0259r salaq.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Az\u0259rbaycan \u00f6lk\u0259 ad\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6k\u00fcnd\u0259ki az\u0259r boyad\u0131n\u0131n yaranmas\u0131nda \u0259sas \u00f6z\u0259k olan az boyu t\u00fcrk etnosu i\u00e7ind\u0259 \u00e7oxsayl\u0131 soylardan biri idi. Aziya\/\/Asiya ad\u0131ndak\u0131 paralellik kimi, az etnoniminin d\u0259 as variant\u0131 geni\u015f yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bel\u0259 yay\u0131lman\u0131n s\u0259b\u0259bi az\/\/as boylar\u0131n\u0131n vaxtil\u0259 q\u0259dim Az\u0259rbaycandan bat\u0131, quzey v\u0259 do\u011fu \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 olan k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7-d\u00f6rd min ildir ki, bu boylar tarixi m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 xat\u0131rlan\u0131r, lakin onlar\u0131n etnik m\u0259nsubiy\u0259ti bar\u0259d\u0259 elmi \u0259d\u0259biyatda h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 tutarl\u0131 son s\u00f6z deyilm\u0259mi\u015fdir, halbuki az\/\/as haqq\u0131ndak\u0131 b\u0259lg\u0259l\u0259r b\u00f6y\u00fck bir monoqrafiya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r m\u0259lumat verir. G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr, ba\u015fqa mill\u0259tl\u0259rin aliml\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn o q\u0259d\u0259r d\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miy\u0259t k\u0259sb etm\u0259y\u0259n bu problemin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn xalq\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n v\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259mizin ad\u0131n\u0131n yaranmas\u0131nda m\u00fch\u00fcm yer tutan bu boylar\u0131n tarixini \u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcz \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259liyik. B\u0259llidir ki, h\u0259r hans\u0131 bir boyun ad\u0131 onun daxil oldu\u011fu xalq\u0131n i\u00e7ind\u0259 uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259t soyad\u0131 (etnonim) kimi ya\u015fay\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu bax\u0131mdan, \u00f6zb\u0259k, altay, qaraqalpaq v\u0259 sair t\u00fcrk xalqlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259rkibind\u0259 uruq, soy, boy ad\u0131 kimi i\u015fl\u0259n\u0259n az\/\/as etnonimin\u0259 (4, 11, 19-20; 14, 240-247) v\u0259 G\u00f6y-T\u00fcrk yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda az budun (az xalq\u0131) v\u0259 az-ki\u015fi (az adam\u0131) ad\u0131na, Kuban epiqrafiyas\u0131nda eren az ay\u0131r\u0131lt\u0131m (az \u0259r\u0259nl\u0259rind\u0259n ayr\u0131ld\u0131m) ifad\u0259sin\u0259 rast g\u0259lm\u0259k olur. M\u00fcxt\u0259lif t\u00fcrk xalqlar\u0131n\u0131n boy-soy (tayfa-n\u0259sil) b\u00f6lg\u00fcs\u00fc kimi diqq\u0259ti \u00e7\u0259k\u0259n v\u0259 t\u0259rkibind\u0259 az\/\/as komponentini ya\u015fadan etnoniml\u0259r b\u00f6y\u00fck maraq k\u0259sb edir. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, ba\u015fqort-katay boyundak\u0131 as, ass\u0131 soylar\u0131, balkarlar\u0131n as adlanmas\u0131, \u00f6zb\u0259kl\u0259rin 32 \u0259sas boyu s\u0131ras\u0131nda A. Vamberinin as boyunu qeyd etm\u0259si (3, 302), q\u0131r\u011f\u0131zlarda az\u0131q boyu, n\u0259hay\u0259t, q\u0259dim Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259halisinin az adlanan bir qisminin sonralar az\u0259r boyu kimi tan\u0131nmas\u0131 azlar\u0131n t\u00fcrkl\u00fcy\u00fcn\u0259 \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259 yeri qoymur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lakin az boyunun geni\u015f co\u011frafi \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u0259si onlar\u0131n etnik m\u0259n\u015f\u0259yi haqq\u0131nda b\u0259zi t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n yanl\u0131\u015f fikir s\u00f6yl\u0259m\u0259sin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olmu\u015fdur. Bel\u0259 ki, V. V. Bartold t\u00fcrke\u015fl\u0259ri az v\u0259 tuxsi boylar\u0131n\u0131n birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259si hesab etmi\u015f (1, 585), K\u00fclteqin abid\u0259sind\u0259ki azlar\u0131 (az budun) is\u0259 Yenisey ostyaklar\u0131il\u0259 eynil\u0259\u015fdirmi\u015fdir (1, 43). Z.V. To\u011fan bir yerd\u0259 aslar\u0131 saqalar\u0131n t\u0259rkibind\u0259 t\u00fcrk boyu kimi verirs\u0259 d\u0259 (2, 39), dig\u0259r yerd\u0259 onlar\u0131 q\u0259dimd\u0259n t\u00fcrkl\u0259r\u0259 qar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f bir iran q\u00f6vm\u00fc, yaxud saqa v\u0259 hunlar\u0131n i\u00e7ind\u0259 \u0259riy\u0259n bir irani tayfa adland\u0131r\u0131r (2, 53, 422). Az\/\/as boylar\u0131n\u0131 hay-erm\u0259ni (Qr. Kapansyan, S.Petrosyan), osetin (V.\u0130.Abayev) v\u0259 dig\u0259r xalqlarla eynil\u0259\u015fdir\u0259nl\u0259r d\u0259 vard\u0131r. Halbuki, bir-iki s\u00f6z ox\u015farl\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u0259saslan\u0131b, bel\u0259 ciddi elmi fikir s\u00f6yl\u0259m\u0259k do\u011fru deyil. \u018fg\u0259r ox\u015farl\u0131q varsa, \u0259n az\u0131 bu ox\u015farl\u0131q h\u0259min xalq\u0131n dilind\u0259 v\u0259 onomastikas\u0131nda da sistem t\u0259\u015fkil etm\u0259lidir. G\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fc kimi, az\/\/as boyu t\u0259kc\u0259 az\u0259r t\u00fcrkl\u0259rinin deyil, bir s\u0131ra dig\u0259r t\u00fcrk boylar\u0131 sistemind\u0259 d\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm yer tutur. Bundan ba\u015fqa, soyad\u0131 q\u0259dim t\u00fcrk antroponimikas\u0131n\u0131n x\u00fcsusiy\u0259ti kimi \u015f\u0259xs adlar\u0131na da qo\u015fulur, onun hans\u0131 soydan oldu\u011funu bildirir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, XVII \u0259srd\u0259 farsca yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00abDastur al-mulk\u00bb \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 sadalanan bir s\u0131ra \u015f\u0259xsin ad\u0131nda as boyad\u0131 vard\u0131r: Qaib Nazar b\u0259y atal\u0131k as, Xurr\u0259m b\u0259y hac\u0131 p\u0259rvan\u0259\u00e7i as, M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d hakim b\u0259y mirz\u0259 as, Mahmud b\u0259y kata\u011fan as (4, 20). Buradak\u0131 ad-titul-soyad\u0131 d\u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fc qanunauy\u011fun hald\u0131r. B.X.Karm\u0131\u015feva g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, \u00ab\u015eaybani-nam\u0259\u00bb (XVI \u0259sr) abid\u0259sind\u0259 as soyad\u0131 nayman, durman, ku\u015f\u00e7u boylar\u0131 il\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131 xat\u0131rlan\u0131r v\u0259 Orta Asiya t\u00fcrkl\u0259rind\u0259 as-nayman, as-saray, caman-as soybirl\u0259\u015fm\u0259l\u0259ri formas\u0131 da tarixi faktd\u0131r (4, 19)<\/strong>. Sadalanan onomastik vahidl\u0259rin t\u00fcrkl\u0259r\u0259 aid olmas\u0131n\u0131 izah etm\u0259y\u0259 ehtiyac yoxdur. Bu s\u0131raya Klavdi Ptolemeyin (II \u0259sr) Quzey Qafqazda g\u00f6st\u0259rdiyi asturikan (as-turikan) boyunu (23, 149), T\u0259b\u0259rinin (VIII \u0259sr) qeyd etdiyi Astarxan (as-tarkan) ad\u0131n\u0131, \u00abKartlis-Tsxovreba\u00bb g\u00fcrc\u00fc abid\u0259sind\u0259 Baqatur Asparux (as-paruk) ad\u0131n\u0131, M.Ka\u015fqarinin o\u011fuz b\u0259yl\u0259rind\u0259n birinin ad\u0131 kimi verdiyi Azaq ad\u0131n\u0131 (I, 66) v\u0259 vaxtil\u0259 indiki Qara\u00e7ay-\u00c7\u0259rk\u0259z \u00f6lk\u0259sind\u0259 \u018fmir Teymura qar\u015f\u0131 d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u0259n Buri-berdi adl\u0131 \u015f\u0259xsin ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011fu as boyunu (24, 215) da tarixi faktlar kimi \u0259lav\u0259 etm\u0259k olar. Bu da b\u0259llidir ki, soyad\u0131 \u00e7ox vaxt h\u0259min soyun ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lg\u0259d\u0259 toponim kimi d\u0259 yay\u0131l\u0131r; Orta Asiyada As, Assa, S\u0131rd\u0259rya \u0259traf\u0131nda Asa, Asnas, Asar, Ural v\u0259 Volqa-Kama b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 Ass\u0131, As\u0131l\u0131, As\u0131, A\u015fa, Kr\u0131mda Ass, B\u00f6y\u00fck-Ass, Temes-Ass, Ass\u0131-Corak\u00e7\u0131, Ki\u00e7ik-As v\u0259 s. \u018fski v\u0259 yeni erm\u0259ni m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259ri t\u00fcrk boylar\u0131 ya\u015fayan Anadolu-\u0130ran-Qafqaz b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 az\/\/as soyad\u0131n\u0131 \u0259ks etdir\u0259n xeyli da\u011f, \u00e7ay, k\u0259nd, oba ad\u0131 \u2013 toponim qeyd etmi\u015fdir;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Az, Aza, Azal\u0131, Azalu, Azax, Azai-\u015fen, A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Aza, Verin (yuxar\u0131) Aza, Azanl\u0131, Azar\u0259hm\u0259dli, Azaklar, Azbu\u011fa\/\/Asbu\u011fa, Aziar (Az\u0259r!), Az-kala, Azmana, Az-pinar (Az bula\u011f\u0131), Asilar, Asl\u0131, Askara, Asman, Asn\u0131, Aspakan, Aspek, Asiatspor (as \u00e7uxuru), Asiatsor (as d\u0259r\u0259si), A\u015ftarak v\u0259 s. (5; 17, 335-339).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fc kimi, az boylar\u0131 t\u00fcrk onomastikas\u0131nda m\u00f6hk\u0259m bir sistem t\u0259\u015fkil edir. Ona g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259, m\u00fcasir t\u00fcrk xalqlar\u0131 daxilind\u0259 as soyunun izini axtaran t\u00fcrkoloqlar yan\u0131lmam\u0131\u015flar. M.Z.Z\u0259kiyev Volqaboyu t\u00fcrkl\u0259rd\u0259 (7, 178), R.Q. Kuzeyev ba\u015fqortlarda (6, 228-230), L.S. Tolstova \u00f6zb\u0259kl\u0259rd\u0259 (4, 11) as boylar\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259dqiq etmi\u015f, \u0130.M.Miziyev qon\u015fu xalqlar\u0131n, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 irandilli osetinl\u0259rin balkar t\u00fcrkl\u0259rini as\u0131, asiaq, qara\u00e7ay t\u00fcrkl\u0259rini is\u0259 Stur-Asiaq (b\u00f6y\u00fck aslar) adland\u0131rmas\u0131 s\u0259b\u0259bini ara\u015fd\u0131rm\u0131\u015f (8, 78), C. C\u0259f\u0259rov aslar\u0131n Az\u0259rbaycandak\u0131 dam\u011falar\u0131ndan b\u0259hs etmi\u015fdir (9, 29-36). Bu m\u00f6vzuya biz d\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif yaz\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131zda toxunmu\u015f, az, az\u0259r, Az\u0259rbaycan, x\u0259z\u0259r, kaspi adlar\u0131n\u0131n eyni m\u0259n\u015f\u0259d\u0259n t\u00f6r\u0259diyini yazm\u0131\u015fd\u0131q (10, 115-116; 11, 271; 12, 102). Lakin sadalanan bu ara\u015fd\u0131rmalar\u0131n he\u00e7 biri as boyu haqq\u0131nda tam t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcr yaratm\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnki h\u0259min yaz\u0131lar as m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sinin yaln\u0131z b\u0259zi c\u0259h\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 toxunur, problemi h\u0259rt\u0259r\u0259fli i\u015f\u0131qland\u0131rm\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u0259zi tarixi m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 az\/\/as etnonimi yaz\/\/haz formalar\u0131 il\u0259 d\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259nmi\u015fdir. H\u0259min formalar\u0131 y, h s\u0259sart\u0131m\u0131 kimi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u0259k olard\u0131, lakin bu etnonimin k, x il\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259n\u0259n (kaz, kas, xaz) formalar\u0131 da var. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, Azaq d\u0259nizi az boyad\u0131n\u0131 \u0259ks etdirdiyi kimi, Orxon \u00e7ay\u0131n\u0131n quzey-bat\u0131s\u0131nda Kasoqol (Kas g\u00f6l\u00fc) v\u0259 X\u0259z\u0259r d\u0259nizinin ad\u0131 da Kas\/\/X\u0259z-\u0259r boylar\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131 bildirir. Bu halda n\u0259 s\u0259sart\u0131m\u0131ndan, n\u0259 d\u0259 s\u0259sd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcnd\u0259n s\u00f6hb\u0259t ged\u0259 bilm\u0259z. Burada b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u00f6vcud formalar\u0131n yaranmas\u0131n\u0131 izah ed\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259k yozuma yaln\u0131z larinqal n\u0259z\u0259riy\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259k ed\u0259 bil\u0259r. Y\u0259ni proto-t\u00fcrk dialektl\u0259ri formala\u015fan \u00e7a\u011flarda as soyad\u0131nda bo\u011faz tutulmas\u0131 il\u0259 t\u0259l\u0259ff\u00fcz olunan larinqal \u2019a saitinin tutulma hiss\u0259si bir dialektd\u0259 t\u0259mizl\u0259nmi\u015f, dig\u0259r dialektd\u0259 k, x, h samitin\u0259 \u00e7evrilmi\u015fdir (11, 122-124): Q\u0259dim Az\u0259rbaycanda formala\u015fan az boylar\u0131 K\u00fcr-Araz m\u0259d\u0259niy\u0259tind\u0259n sonrak\u0131 \u00e7a\u011flarda q\u0259rib\u0259 tale ya\u015fam\u0131\u015flar. Onlar\u0131n bir qismi Az\u0259rbaycan \u2013 Ki\u00e7ik Asiya \u2013 Avropa boyunca \u0130slandiyaya q\u0259d\u0259r gedib \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015f, dig\u0259r qismi Quzey Qafqaz v\u0259 T\u00fcrk\u00fcstana k\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015fdir. Ata yurdda qalanlar is\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 s\u0259p\u0259l\u0259nmi\u015fl\u0259r. Quzey Qafqaz v\u0259 Orta Asiyada az boylar\u0131n\u0131n qoydu\u011fu izl\u0259r\u0259 yuxar\u0131da toxunduq, bir ne\u00e7\u0259 s\u00f6z d\u0259 Ata yurdda qalan v\u0259 Avropaya ged\u0259n as\/\/az boylar\u0131 haqq\u0131nda dey\u0259k. Urartu \u00e7ar\u0131 I Arqi\u015ftinin vaxt\u0131nda (m.\u00f6.VIII \u0259sr) urartular Van g\u00f6l\u00fc h\u00f6vz\u0259sind\u0259n \u00e7\u0131x\u0131b Araz\u0131 ke\u00e7irl\u0259r v\u0259 Aza \u00f6lk\u0259sini (\u0130r\u0259van \u00e7uxurunu) z\u0259bt edirl\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"BAKU<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u018fvv\u0259ll\u0259r urartu yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda \u00abd\u00fc\u015fm\u0259n \u00f6lk\u0259\u00bb kimi veril\u0259n Aza \u00f6lk\u0259sini tutandan sonra I Arqi\u015fti Araz \u00e7ay\u0131n\u0131n sol sahilind\u0259, indiki S\u0259rdarabad (Armavir) k\u0259ndi \u0259razisind\u0259 Arqi\u015ftixinili qalas\u0131n\u0131 tikir, Aza \u00f6lk\u0259sin\u0259 kanallar \u00e7\u0259kir (13, 32-33). M\u00fct\u0259x\u0259sisl\u0259r Aza ad\u0131n\u0131n urartu yaz\u0131s\u0131nda etno-toponim oldu\u011funu qeyd edirl\u0259r (22, 303-304). Aza \u00f6lk\u0259sinin bat\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na aid bir m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259nin d\u0259 ad\u0131 romal\u0131lar\u0131n yol x\u0259rit\u0259sind\u0259 \u2019Aza \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r ki, bunu da Aza v\u0259 Haza \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 oxumaq olar (21, 45). Lakin Strabonun vaxt\u0131nda Aza \u00f6lk\u0259si art\u0131q Azar (Az\u0259r) formas\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. O yaz\u0131r ki, Araz \u00e7ay\u0131 \u00abAzar yan\u0131ndan ax\u0131r\u2026 Araksena d\u00fcz\u00fcnd\u0259n ke\u00e7ib, Kaspi d\u0259nizin\u0259 t\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcr\u00bb (Strabon, XI, 14, 3). Bu tarixi m\u0259lumatlardan g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr ki, q\u0259rbi Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n \u0130r\u0259van b\u00f6lg\u0259si q\u0259dim \u00e7a\u011flarda Az\u0259r \u00f6lk\u0259si adlanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r v\u0259 Arazboyu m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Az\u0259rl\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, daha q\u0259dim Aza formas\u0131 da i\u015fl\u0259k olmu\u015fdur. Nax\u00e7\u0131vanda bu g\u00fcn d\u0259 Yuxar\u0131 Aza adl\u0131 k\u0259nd vard\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130slandiyaya q\u0259d\u0259r gedib \u00e7\u0131xan as boylar\u0131 haqq\u0131nda da maraql\u0131 tarixi m\u0259lumatlar vard\u0131r. Bir m\u0259qal\u0259 tutumunda b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 toxunmaq m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyil, bel\u0259 m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n yaln\u0131z birin\u0259, el\u0259 islandlar\u0131n \u00f6z yaz\u0131l\u0131 abid\u0259si olan \u00abKi\u00e7ik Edda\u00bb \u0259s\u0259rin\u0259 baxaq. \u0130slandiyada Snorri Sturlusonun 1222-1225-ci ill\u0259r aras\u0131nda q\u0259dim saqalardan istifad\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k q\u0259l\u0259m\u0259 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu \u0259s\u0259rd\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rilir ki, as boyu Troya (Tur-ova) \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259n \u00e7\u0131x\u0131b Avropan\u0131n quzeyind\u0259ki Saks \u00f6lk\u0259sin\u0259 g\u0259lir, sonra yerli \u0259hali il\u0259 qaynay\u0131b-qar\u0131\u015fan aslar \u00e7oxalaraq, daha quzey b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259r\u0259, indiki \u0130sve\u00e7 v\u0259 Norve\u00e7 \u0259razil\u0259rin\u0259 yay\u0131l\u0131rlar. Onlar\u0131n \u0130slandiyaya VIII-IX \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 getm\u0259si is\u0259 biz\u0259 Avropa tarixind\u0259n b\u0259llidir. Y\u0259ni aslar Troyadan \u00e7\u0131xandan min il sonra onlar\u0131n Quzey Avropadak\u0131 t\u00f6r\u0259m\u0259l\u0259ri \u0130slandiyaya getmi\u015fl\u0259r. Qay\u0131daq Eddaya. M\u00fc\u0259llif yaz\u0131r ki, yerli \u0259hali indiy\u0259d\u0259k g\u00f6rd\u00fcy\u00fc insanlara b\u0259nz\u0259m\u0259y\u0259n Asiyadan g\u0259lmi\u015f bu g\u00f6z\u0259l g\u00f6rk\u0259mli q\u0259rib aslar\u0131 maraqla qar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131, onlara \u0259razi verdi. As g\u0259ncl\u0259ri yerli q\u0131zlarla evl\u0259ndi, aslar\u0131n say\u0131 get-ged\u0259 artd\u0131. S.Sturluson qeyd edir ki, o d\u00f6vrd\u0259n \u00e7ox zaman ke\u00e7s\u0259 d\u0259, h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 yaz\u0131l\u0131 qaynaqlar aslar\u0131n Asiyadan g\u0259tirdiyi adlar\u0131 saxlay\u0131r. Yeri g\u0259lmi\u015fk\u0259n, bel\u0259 adlardan bir ne\u00e7\u0259sini burada xat\u0131rlad\u0131m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yer ad\u0131: Asqard (As m\u0259sk\u0259ni, As k\u0259ndi) \u00c7ay adlar\u0131: G\u00f6l, Orun, Q\u00f6p\u00fcl, Q\u00f6m\u00fcl, Eykin \u015e\u0259xs adlar\u0131: Anar, Torkel (T\u00fcrkel), Atl\u0131, Qaml\u0131, Yekul, Eqil, Erp, Eyrik, Qanqleri, Buri (B\u00f6r\u00fc?), Qunn, Qunlauq, Eynar, Elli, Aslauq, Asdis v\u0259 s. H\u0259min abid\u0259d\u0259 bel\u0259 ifad\u0259 v\u0259 c\u00fcml\u0259l\u0259r d\u0259 var: \u00abTroya t\u00fcrk \u00f6lk\u0259sidir\u00bb (25, 10); \u00abt\u00fcrkl\u0259rin \u00f6lk\u0259sini t\u0259rk edib\u00bb (25, 11); Avropaya g\u0259l\u0259n aslar buraya t\u00fcrk ad\u0259t-\u0259n\u0259n\u0259sig\u0259tirdi v\u0259 \u00abburada t\u00fcrkl\u0259rin v\u0259rdi\u015f etdiyi qanunlar t\u0259tbiq olundu\u00bb (25, 12).<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/em><\/strong>G\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fc kimi, t\u0259kc\u0259 bir \u0130sland abid\u0259si 3 min il \u0259vv\u0259l q\u0259dim Az\u0259rbaycandan Troyaya, oradan da Avropaya ged\u0259n v\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fc il\u0259 t\u00fcrk adlar\u0131n\u0131, t\u00fcrk t\u00f6r\u0259l\u0259rini (qanunlar\u0131n\u0131) aparan as boyu haqq\u0131nda n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r fakt verir. Ona g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259, \u00f6z ulu babalar\u0131n\u0131n izini Qobustan qayalar\u0131nda axtaran m\u0259\u015fhur norve\u00e7 alimi Tur Heyerdala baxanda, az\u0259r t\u00fcrkl\u0259rinin k\u00f6k\u00fcn\u00fc Monqolustan \u00e7\u00f6ll\u0259rind\u0259 axtaran tarix\u00e7il\u0259rimizi v\u0259 t\u00fcrkoloqlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 anlamaq olmur. B\u00f6y\u00fck k\u00f6\u00e7l\u0259rin i\u015ftirak\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olan as boylar\u0131 Bat\u0131da german qor v\u0259 Qafqaz tayfalar\u0131 il\u0259 qaynay\u0131b-qar\u0131\u015fsa da, t\u00fcrk dilini saxlaya bilmi\u015fdir, lakin bel\u0259 qar\u0131\u015fmalar as boylar\u0131 haqq\u0131nda yar\u0131m\u00e7\u0131q m\u0259lumat\u0131 olan b\u0259zi aliml\u0259rin yanl\u0131\u015f fikir s\u00f6yl\u0259m\u0259sin\u0259 d\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olmu\u015fdur. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, zaman-zaman b\u00fct\u00f6v Avrasiyaya yay\u0131lan t\u00fcrk etnosunun i\u00e7ind\u0259 h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259ya\u015farl\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 se\u00e7il\u0259n, Az\u0131x ma\u011faras\u0131ndan tutmu\u015f quzey, g\u00fcney, bat\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycan b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 v\u0259 Azov (Azaq) d\u0259nizin\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r m\u00fcxt\u0259lif \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 izini qoyan q\u0259dim az boyunun tarixi olduqca maraql\u0131 s\u0259hif\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 doludur. Bu s\u0259hif\u0259l\u0259ri oxuma\u011f\u0131n vaxt\u0131 is\u0259 \u00e7oxdan \u00e7atm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. F.C\u0259lilovun fikrl\u0259rind\u0259 b\u0259zi m\u00fcbahis\u0259li m\u0259qamlar olsa da, \u00fcmumilikd\u0259 Az\/As boyu haqq\u0131nda dol\u011fun fikir yarad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bunlara Amerika qit\u0259sind\u0259 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f Astekl\u0259ri d\u0259 \u0259lav\u0259 ets\u0259k o zaman Azlar\u0131n yer \u00fcz\u00fcn\u0259 s\u0259p\u0259l\u0259n\u0259r\u0259k m\u00fcxt\u0259lif xalqlar\u0131n yaranmas\u0131ndak\u0131 tarixi rolu \u00fcz\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r. Astekl\u0259rin i\u015fl\u0259tdikl\u0259ri s\u00f6zl\u0259rin bizim s\u00f6zl\u0259rl\u0259 qohumlu\u011fu bunu dem\u0259y\u0259 \u0259sas verir.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

ARDI VAR
<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ravil Nuhvadili Mehriban v\u0259 ba\u011f\u0131\u015flayan Allah\u0131n ad\u0131yla. \u00d6nc\u0259d\u0259n bildirim ki, tarix ilk \u00f6nc\u0259 dini m\u0259lumatlardan ba\u015flay\u0131b v\u0259 «Qurani-K\u0259rim»\u0259 m\u0259nb\u0259 kimi baxmay\u0131b, «T\u00f6vrat» v\u0259 «\u0130ncil»d\u0259ki<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5784","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tarix"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5784","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5784"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5784\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5951,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5784\/revisions\/5951"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5784"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5784"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5784"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}