{"id":59392,"date":"2022-01-12T02:47:19","date_gmt":"2022-01-11T22:47:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=59392"},"modified":"2022-01-12T11:14:50","modified_gmt":"2022-01-12T07:14:50","slug":"avrosentrizmin-hind-avropa-yalani-turkluy%c9%99-qarsi-dusunulub-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=59392","title":{"rendered":"Avrosentrizmin Hind-Avropa yalan\u0131 T\u00fcrkl\u00fcy\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcb"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:40% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"239\" height=\"267\" src=\"https:\/\/fedai.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/i-1-1-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-59406 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fedai.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/i-1-1-1.jpg 239w, https:\/\/fedai.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/i-1-1-1-134x150.jpg 134w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 239px) 100vw, 239px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong>Xaqani \u018fd\u0259bo\u011flu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Az\u0259rbaycan V\u0259t\u0259n M\u00fcharib\u0259si Veteranlar\u0131 \u0130ctimai Birliyi (AVMV\u0130B) M\u0259tbuat Xidm\u0259tinin r\u0259hb\u0259ri<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(\u018fvv\u0259li: <a href=\"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=59329\">https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=59329<\/a>)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Sonralar Avrasiya \u00e7\u00f6ll\u0259rinin k\u00f6\u00e7\u0259ril\u0259rinin y\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259ri \u00e7ox ke\u00e7did\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 yenilikl\u0259r\u0259 m\u0259ruz qald\u0131. Bu yenilikl\u0259rd\u0259n \u0259n \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tlisi eram\u0131zdan \u0259vv\u0259l sonucu \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 v\u0259 eram\u0131z\u0131n ilk \u0259srl\u0259rind\u0259 ba\u015f vermi\u015fdir&#8230;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>\u00c7ox g\u00fcman ki, a\u011f\u0131r s\u00fcvaril\u0259rin meydana \u00e7\u0131xmas\u0131 il\u0259 atl\u0131n\u0131n yax\u0131n d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fd\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259sinin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 almaqdan \u00f6tr\u00fc \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ndirilmi\u015f v\u0259 istiqam\u0259tl\u0259ndirilmi\u015fdir. \u018fg\u0259r atl\u0131 yast\u0131ql\u0131 k\u00f6hn\u0259 \u00fcslublu y\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259n istifad\u0259 etm\u0259y\u0259 davam ets\u0259ydi, o d\u0259y\u0259n z\u0259rb\u0259d\u0259n niz\u0259si d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259ni il\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259ni vurark\u0259n y\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259n y\u0131x\u0131la bil\u0259rdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Erk\u0259n orta \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 y\u0259h\u0259rin ba\u015fqa bir n\u00f6v\u00fc olan &#171;t\u00fcrk y\u0259h\u0259ri&#187;,adlanan y\u0259h\u0259r n\u00f6v\u00fc B\u00f6y\u00fck \u00e7\u00f6l\u00fcn \u015f\u0259rq hiss\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131 (\u0130lkin &#8212; ad\u0131 \u201cT\u00fcrk y\u0259h\u0259ri\u201d adlan\u0131rd\u0131, amma onun n\u0259 vaxt v\u0259 kim t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n haz\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u0259l\u0259lik m\u0259lum deyil). Bu y\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rin istehsal\u0131 v\u0259 idar\u0259 edilm\u0259si daha asan idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-3 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/fedai.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/images-10-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"59398\" data-link=\"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?attachment_id=59398\" class=\"wp-image-59398\"\/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/fedai.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/images-11-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"59401\" data-link=\"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?attachment_id=59401\" class=\"wp-image-59401\"\/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/fedai.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/images-9-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"59402\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/fedai.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/images-9-2.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?attachment_id=59402\" class=\"wp-image-59402\"\/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><br>Orta \u0259sr Avropas\u0131nda y\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259r iki c\u00fcr idi: Romano-German v\u0259 T\u00fcrk &#8212; Slavyan n\u00f6vl\u0259ri adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Bu \u0259razil\u0259r aras\u0131ndak\u0131 s\u0259rh\u0259d haradasa indi m\u00fcasir Pol\u015fa v\u0259 Macar\u0131stan vard\u0131. \u00c7\u00f6ld\u0259 is\u0259 &#171;t\u00fcrk y\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259ri&#187; tam h\u00f6kmranl\u0131q etm\u0259kd\u0259ydi. \u00dcz\u0259ngil\u0259r atl\u0131n\u0131n qabiliyy\u0259tini xeyli art\u0131rd\u0131, at s\u00fcrm\u0259k bacar\u0131\u011f\u0131, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 vacib idi. \u00dcz\u0259ngi at\u0131 idar\u0259 etm\u0259yi asanla\u015fd\u0131rd\u0131, \u00fcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259 m\u00fcharib\u0259d\u0259 oturaq \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin a\u011f\u0131r s\u00fcvaril\u0259rinin inki\u015faf\u0131na t\u00f6hf\u0259 verdi. At s\u00fcrm\u0259yi m\u0259nims\u0259y\u0259n k\u00f6\u00e7\u0259ri d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259r erk\u0259n u\u015faql\u0131qda atlar\u0131n\u0131 u\u011furla idar\u0259 ed\u0259 bilirdil\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>Onlar dizl\u0259ri il\u0259 s\u0131x\u0131b atlardan yap\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131lar, y\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259 m\u00f6hk\u0259m oturub \u00fcz\u0259ngisiz d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fcl\u0259r. Ancaq daha az t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259li olanlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn v\u0259 otraq \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n olan s\u00fcvaril\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00fcz\u0259nginin t\u0259tbiqi \u00e7ox vacib idi. Bu, h\u0259rb tarixind\u0259 bir hadis\u0259 idi. \u00dcz\u0259ngi, s\u00fcvariy\u0259 imkan verirdiki, at s\u00fcr\u0259rk\u0259n niz\u0259, q\u0131l\u0131nc v\u0259 qalxandan s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259li istifad\u0259 etsin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>\u00dcz\u0259ngi sonradan h\u0259yata ke\u00e7iril\u0259n ba\u015fqa imkanlar da a\u00e7d\u0131, q\u0131l\u0131nc v\u0259 x\u0259nc\u0259r silahlar\u0131n\u0131n variant\u0131n\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131na yol a\u00e7d\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00fcrkl\u0259r s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 geni\u015f \u0259razil\u0259r\u0259 yay\u0131ld\u0131lar. M\u00fcasir d\u00f6vrd\u0259 o, y\u00fcng\u00fcl silaha \u00e7evrilib. \u018fks\u0259r Avropa \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 o, Birinci D\u00fcnya M\u00fcharib\u0259sind\u0259n \u0259vv\u0259l standart s\u00fcvarid\u0259n, y\u00fcng\u00fcl silah kimi istifad\u0259 olundu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br><strong>Monqol ordular\u0131nda texnologiya yox idi (?!).<\/strong> Onlar\u0131n silahlanmas\u0131 oturaq \u0259hali silahlanmas\u0131ndan he\u00e7 d\u0259 f\u0259rql\u0259nmirdi. Onlar\u0131n silahlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6ld\u0259n k\u0259nara \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131qlar\u0131 m\u00fcdd\u0259td\u0259 monqollar m\u0259nims\u0259dil\u0259r, r\u0259qibl\u0259rinin h\u0259rbi texnikas\u0131, silahlar\u0131 v\u0259 yeni \u0259\u015fyalar\u0131,x\u00fcsusil\u0259 m\u00fcdafi\u0259 zirehl\u0259rini \u0259xz etdil\u0259r. Onlar\u0131n u\u011furlar\u0131 b\u00f6y\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcd\u0259 bu say\u0259d\u0259 olub, h\u0259m d\u0259 d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259rinin d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f keyfiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri v\u0259 nizam-intizam\u0131 onlardan \u00f6yr\u0259nmi\u015fdil\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/fedai.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/B6E9EkcehEU-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-59399\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><br>\u00dcst\u00fcnl\u00fck odlu silahlar \u00e7\u0131xanad\u0259k bir ne\u00e7\u0259 \u0259sr \u00e7\u0259kdi. Erk\u0259n top at\u0259\u015fl\u0259ri a\u00e7an silahlar bahal\u0131 v\u0259 \u00e7ox a\u011f\u0131r idil\u0259r. 2-ci minilliyin ortalar\u0131na q\u0259d\u0259r d\u0259 b\u0259zi b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 v\u0259 daha sonra Avropa \u00e7\u00f6ll\u0259rind\u0259 t\u00fcrk k\u00f6\u00e7\u0259ril\u0259ri n\u0259h\u0259ng bir ordu olaraq qald\u0131lar.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Onlar\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fc v\u0259 s\u00fcvaril\u0259rini b\u0259zil\u0259ri h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259k\u00e7i q\u00fcvv\u0259 kimi qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirirdi. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, 1814-c\u00fc ild\u0259 nizams\u0131z Kalm\u0131ks\u00fcvaril\u0259ri kazaklarla birlikd\u0259 rus ordusunun t\u0259rkibind\u0259 Paris\u0259 girdil\u0259r. Bu Paris sakinl\u0259rini heyr\u0259t\u0259 g\u0259tirmi\u015fdi. B\u0259lk\u0259 d\u0259 el\u0259 bu hadis\u0259 m\u0259\u015fhur deyimin \u200b\u200byaranmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olub: <strong>\u201cRusu qa\u015f\u0131san, tatar taparsan\u201d<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/fedai.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Iw-0U82RJ2c-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-59400\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><br>N\u0259hay\u0259t, m\u00fcxt\u0259lif oturaq d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r getdikc\u0259 daha \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl odlu silahlarla silahlanm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 yax\u015f\u0131 t\u0259lim ke\u00e7mi\u015f \u0259sg\u0259rl\u0259ri olan pe\u015f\u0259kar daimi ordulara arxalanma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131lar v\u0259 zaman k\u00f6\u00e7\u0259ril\u0259r \u00f6z h\u0259rbi \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u0259rini d\u00f6nm\u0259z \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 itirdil\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>1550-ci ild\u0259n sonra effektiv y\u00fcng\u00fcl odlu silahlar\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131 il\u0259 oturaq \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin ordular\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259rbi \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fc artd\u0131. Rusiyada is\u0259 h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 y\u00fcng\u00fcl s\u00fcvaril\u0259r, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n kazaklar \u00e7oxluq t\u0259\u015fkil edirdil\u0259r. K\u00f6\u00e7\u0259ri h\u0259rbi birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259l\u0259r, h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm rol oynay\u0131rd\u0131.Ruslar\u0131n Q\u0259rbi Avropan\u0131n h\u0259rbi inki\u015faf\u0131 il\u0259 ayaqla\u015fmas\u0131 olduqca m\u00fcv\u0259ff\u0259qiyy\u0259tli oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Osmanl\u0131lar odlu silah\u0131n \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tini dig\u0259r m\u00fcs\u0259lman d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 nisb\u0259t\u0259n daha \u0259vv\u0259l v\u0259 daha yax\u015f\u0131 ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fcl\u0259r. 1453-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Konstantinopolun m\u00fchasir\u0259sind\u0259 odlu silahlar m\u00fch\u00fcm rol oynad\u0131. Erk\u0259n d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259n ba\u015flayaraq h\u0259r yerd\u0259 oturaq d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r t\u0259dric\u0259n yox oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>Kr\u0131m xanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n f\u0259thi il\u0259 ba\u015fa \u00e7atan Rusiyan\u0131n \u015e\u0259rqi Avropa \u00e7\u00f6ll\u0259rin\u0259 ir\u0259lil\u0259m\u0259si t\u0259xmin\u0259n iki \u0259sr \u00e7\u0259kdi. Mancurlar \u00e7ox uzun s\u00fcr\u0259n m\u00fcbariz\u0259d\u0259n sonra Monqolustan v\u0259 \u015e\u0259rqi T\u00fcrk\u00fcstan \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 n\u0259zar\u0259ti ilk d\u0259f\u0259 \u0259l\u0259 ald\u0131lar. Bu u\u011furun n\u0259tic\u0259si T\u00fcrk\u00fcstan v\u0259 \u00e7\u00f6ll\u0259ri\u0131n Rusiya il\u0259 \u00c7in aras\u0131nda b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u0259si v\u0259 \u0259halisinin \u0259sar\u0259t alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 il\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ndi. H\u0259min d\u00f6vrd\u0259n etibar\u0259n v\u0259ziyy\u0259t d\u00f6nm\u0259z \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fdi v\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7\u0259ri t\u00fcrkl\u0259r m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259\u015fmi\u015f oturaq imperiyalarla m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 daha z\u0259if t\u0259r\u0259f\u0259 \u00e7evrildil\u0259r. Bununla bel\u0259, Avrasiya \u00e7\u00f6ll\u0259rind\u0259 ya\u015fayan t\u00fcrk k\u00f6\u00e7\u0259ril\u0259rinin oturaq xalqlarla vaxt\u0131nda m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rinin h\u0259rbi aspektin\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259r salsaq, az qala ironik bir c\u0259h\u0259t\u0259 rast g\u0259lm\u0259k olar. T\u00fcrk k\u00f6\u00e7\u0259ril\u0259rinin \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259m\u0259xsus h\u0259yat t\u0259rzi il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 nisbi iqtisadi, texnoloji v\u0259 sosial geriliyi 2500 il\u0259 yax\u0131n m\u00fcdd\u0259td\u0259 h\u0259rbi bax\u0131mdan faydal\u0131 olmu\u015f v\u0259 onlara \u00fc\u00e7 qit\u0259d\u0259 h\u0259rbi s\u0259n\u0259tin tarixin\u0259 g\u00fccl\u00fc t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259y\u0259 imkan vermi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>Sonda t\u00fcrk xalqlar\u0131n\u0131n q\u0259ddar olmas\u0131 fikrinin yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 qeyd etm\u0259k ist\u0259rdim. Do\u011frudur, k\u00f6\u00e7\u0259ril\u0259rin bir \u00e7ox basq\u0131nlar\u0131, h\u00fccumlar\u0131 v\u0259 i\u015f\u011fallar\u0131 da\u011f\u0131d\u0131c\u0131 olmu\u015fdur. Amma bu da\u011f\u0131nt\u0131lar b\u0259z\u0259n o d\u00f6vr\u00fcn tarix\u00e7il\u0259ri v\u0259 onlar\u0131n m\u00fcasir davam\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n \u015fi\u015firdilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br><strong>M\u0259nb\u0259:<\/strong> <a href=\"fayl: \/\/\/ C: \/ \u0130stifad\u0259\u00e7il\u0259r \/ \u0130stifad\u0259\u00e7i \/ Y\u00fckl\u0259m\u0259l\u0259r \/ The_Eurasian_Steppe_Nomads_in_World_Mili.pdf\">fayl: \/\/\/ C: \/ \u0130stifad\u0259\u00e7il\u0259r \/ \u0130stifad\u0259\u00e7i \/ Y\u00fckl\u0259m\u0259l\u0259r \/ The_Eurasian_Steppe_Nomads_in_World_Mili.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br><strong>M\u00fc\u0259llif hesab edir ki, \u00c7ingiz xan\u0131n ordusunun m\u00fcasir silahlar\u0131 yox idi. \u00c7ingiz xan imperiyas\u0131n\u0131n (t\u00fcrk-monqollar) odlu silahlar\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259sdiq ed\u0259n eksponatlar bu g\u00fcn AB\u015e muzeyl\u0259rind\u0259 saxland\u0131\u011f\u0131 fakt\u0131 \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259n bel\u0259 yazan tarix\u00e7il\u0259r, T\u00fcrkl\u0259ri daim k\u00f6\u00e7 ed\u0259n (k\u00f6\u00e7\u0259b\u0259 deyil, k\u00f6\u00e7\u0259ri), at \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u0259 t\u0259svir edirl\u0259r. Amma d\u00fcnyan\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn q\u0259dim \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rini kim sald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 soru\u015funca susarlar. Bar\u0131t\u0131 t\u00fcrtkl\u0259r k\u0259\u015ff edib v\u0259 \u00c7ingiz xan ordusu toplardan istifad\u0259 ed\u0259n ilk ordudur.B\u0259zi \u0259sas\u0131 olmayan m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, guya \u00c7ind\u0259 bar\u0131t 800-c\u00fc ill\u0259rd\u0259, odlu silahlar is\u0259 1100-c\u00fc ill\u0259rd\u0259 bar\u0131t qazlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcnd\u0259n istifad\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k ixtira edilmi\u015fdir. Bundan \u0259vv\u0259l bar\u0131t alovland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 (yand\u0131ran silah) kimi istifad\u0259 olunurdu. Bombardo (at\u0259\u015f v\u0259 l\u00fcl\u0259d\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xan top g\u00fcll\u0259si il\u0259) kimi ayd\u0131n odlu silahlar\u0131 olan bir d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fcn ilk t\u0259sviri m\u0259hz 12-ci \u0259srd\u0259, Su\u00e7uan ma\u011faras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Sa\u011f qalan \u0259n q\u0259dim tunc odlu silah is\u0259 1288-ci il\u0259 (Yuan s\u00fclal\u0259si) aiddir. Bu fakta \u0259saslanan ara\u015fd\u0131rma\u00e7\u0131lar, n\u0259 VIII, n\u0259 d\u0259 XI \u0259sr\u0259 aid he\u00e7 bir fakt ortaya qoymazlar. Ortada 1288-ci il qal\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-2 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/fedai.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/le8bzg2zj1A.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"59396\" data-link=\"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?attachment_id=59396\" class=\"wp-image-59396\"\/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/fedai.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/FDsXl79SAXI.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"59397\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/fedai.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/FDsXl79SAXI.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?attachment_id=59397\" class=\"wp-image-59397\"\/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><br>\u0130ndi faktlara diqq\u0259t ed\u0259k. \u00c7ini f\u0259th etdikd\u0259n sonra Xan Kubilay Ulus Yuan hakimiyy\u0259tini l\u0259\u011fv etdi, Xitanlar, C\u00fcr\u00e7enl\u0259r v\u0259 T\u00fcrkl\u0259r yeni h\u00f6kum\u0259t\u0259 xidm\u0259t etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn c\u0259lb edildil\u0259r. Bundan \u0259vv\u0259l xidm\u0259td\u0259 yaln\u0131z \u00e7inlil\u0259r var idi. \u00c7in g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k Min imperatorlar\u0131n\u0131n hakimiyy\u0259t\u0259 g\u0259lm\u0259sind\u0259n \u0259vv\u0259l <strong>Ulus Yuan\u0131n (1271-1368) <\/strong>\u00f6lk\u0259si \u00c7ingiz xan imperiyas\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259rkib hiss\u0259si idi. XIV \u0259srin ortalar\u0131nda ged\u0259n m\u00fcbariz\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 \u00e7inlil\u0259r azad olmu\u015flar. \u00c7inlil\u0259r hakimiyy\u0259ti <strong>1368-1644-<\/strong>ci ill\u0259r\u0259 t\u0259sad\u00fcf edir. Y\u0259ni <strong>1271-ci <\/strong>ild\u0259 \u00c7in art\u0131q \u00c7ingiz Xan imperiyas\u0131n\u0131n bir \u0259yal\u0259ti idi. Ondan \u0259vv\u0259lki he\u00e7 bir d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fd\u0259 \u00e7inlil\u0259r, bar\u0131tdan istifad\u0259 etdikl\u0259rin\u0259 dair he\u00e7 bir m\u0259lumat yoxdur. Dem\u0259li onlar 1288-ci ild\u0259 \u00c7ingiz xan ordusundan topun v\u0259 bar\u0131t\u0131n n\u0259 oldu\u011funu \u00f6yr\u0259nmi\u015fl\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br><strong>\u0130kincisi, odlu silahlar Avropaya B\u00f6y\u00fck \u0130p\u0259k Yolu il\u0259 el\u0259 h\u0259min XIII \u0259srd\u0259 \u201ctatar-monqollar\u201d t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7iril\u0259n Moskva vasit\u0259sil\u0259 g\u0259ldiyi &#171;\u0421\u043e\u0444\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a&#187; adl\u0131 rus salnam\u0259sind\u0259 yer al\u0131b. Moskvan\u0131 daha sonra Toxtam\u0131\u015fdan m\u00fcdafi\u0259 ed\u0259rk\u0259n moskval\u0131lar\u0131n da \u201ctyufengl\u0259rd\u0259n\u201d (&#171;\u0442\u044e\u0444\u044f\u043a\u0438&#187;) (t\u00fcrkc\u0259 \u201ct\u00fcfeng\u201d \u201cl\u00fcl\u0259\u201d dem\u0259kdir) istifad\u0259 etdikl\u0259ri qeyd edilir. Amma moskval\u0131lar Moskvan\u0131 saxlaya bilm\u0259dil\u0259r, Toxtam\u0131\u015f Moskvan\u0131 tutdu v\u0259 yand\u0131rd\u0131. Bildirilir ki, Toxtam\u0131\u015f Moskvan\u0131 odlu silahlar\u0131n k\u00f6m\u0259yi il\u0259 \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irdi: toplar v\u0259 bombardlar v\u0259 ya bombalar.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br><strong>Odlu silahlar\u0131n Avropaya v\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259y\u0259 B\u00f6y\u00fck \u0130p\u0259k Yolu il\u0259 el\u0259 XIII \u0259srd\u0259 \u201ctatar-monqollar\u0131n\u201d vasit\u0259\u00e7iliyi il\u0259 g\u0259ldiyi fakt kimi q\u0259bul olnur.<br>\u018fg\u0259r bar\u0131t v\u0259 topa aid \u00c7in topu <span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">1288-ci il\u0259 aiddirs\u0259,<\/span> o zaman <span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">1257-ci ild\u0259 <\/span>Ba\u011fdada h\u00fccum ed\u0259n H\u00fclaku xan\u0131n t\u0259k\u0259rli toplar\u0131 nec\u0259 olsun? Avrosentrizm b\u00fct\u00fcn vasit\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 t\u00fcrk izini, t\u00fcrk\u0259 aid nailiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri silm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. \u018fl \u00e7at\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6z\u0259ll\u0259\u015fdirir, \u0259l \u00e7atmayan\u0131 is\u0259 \u0130ran, \u00c7in v\u0259 y\u0259hudi b\u0259l\u0259yin\u0259 b\u00fckm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br><strong>Diqq\u0259t ed\u0259k: <\/strong>\u201cXan bu t\u0259klifi (X\u0259lif\u0259nin s\u00fclh t\u0259klifini -X.\u018f.) ikrahla r\u0259dd etdi. \u00c7\u00fcnki qalib g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259yin\u0259 \u0259min idi&#8230; \u015e\u0259h\u0259ri at\u0259\u015f\u0259 tutdular. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u018fr\u0259bl\u0259r q\u0259tranla tan\u0131\u015f idil\u0259r, amma bar\u0131t\u0131 ilk d\u0259f\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcrd\u00fcl\u0259r <strong>(B\u0259s 800-c\u00fc ild\u0259 \u00e7inlil\u0259rin bar\u0131t\u0131 vard\u0131sa, n\u0259 \u0259c\u0259b bu 458 il\u0259 aid he\u00e7 bir m\u0259nb\u0259d\u0259 ad\u0131na rast g\u0259linmir? O d\u00f6vr\u00fcn \u0259n t\u0259cav\u00fczkar d\u00f6vl\u0259ti say\u0131lan Xilaf\u0259tin bundan x\u0259b\u0259ri olmay\u0131b? &#8212; X.\u018f.).<\/strong> <strong>Ustalar bir n\u0259f\u0259rin idar\u0259 ed\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259yi borular d\u00fcz\u0259ltmi\u015fdil\u0259r. Borulardan d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259n\u0259 ox ba\u015fl\u0131qlar\u0131, metal q\u0131r\u0131qlar\u0131 ya\u011fd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. B\u00f6y\u00fck borular\u0131 d\u0259mird\u0259n d\u00fcz\u0259ld\u0259r\u0259k da\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 asan olsun dey\u0259 t\u0259k\u0259rl\u0259rin \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015fdirmi\u015fdil\u0259r (topun k\u0259\u015ffi tatarlar\u0131n ad\u0131yla ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r \u2013 m\u00fc\u0259l.). Onlar bir borudan a\u00e7d\u0131qlar\u0131 at\u0259\u015fl\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259r divarlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u0131x\u0131rd\u0131lar. Bu at\u0259\u015fl\u0259r Ba\u011fdad\u0131n \u015f\u0259h\u0259r \u0259halisind\u0259 qorxu v\u0259 d\u0259h\u015f\u0259t yaratm\u0131\u015fd\u0131&#8230; 5 fevral 1258-ci ild\u0259 Ordu \u015f\u0259h\u0259r\u0259 daxil oldu v\u0259 be\u015f g\u00fcn sonra x\u0259lif\u0259 t\u0259slim oldu. H\u00fclaku xan \u0259haliy\u0259 silah\u0131 burax\u0131b \u0259mlaka \u0259l vurmadan \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xmalar\u0131n\u0131 \u0259mr etdi (\u0414\u0436\u0435\u043a \u0423\u0435\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0444\u043e\u0440\u0434 \u00ab\u0427\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0445\u0430\u043d \u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430\u00bb \u041c\u043e\u0441-\u043a\u0432\u0430. 2006. \u0441\u0442\u0440. 341-342).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>Y\u0259qin ki, Saxa t\u00fcrkl\u0259ri d\u0259 (Yakutlar) ruslardan \u0259vv\u0259l odlu silah v\u0259 bar\u0131tdan x\u0259b\u0259rdar idi. Ham\u0131ya m\u0259lumdur ki, saxa (yakutlar) bar\u0131tla ilk d\u0259f\u0259 XIII \u0259srd\u0259 \u00c7ingiz xan imperiyas\u0131 d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 tan\u0131\u015f olublar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>Y\u0259ni bu y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015fl\u0259rd\u0259n k\u0259nar qalm\u0131\u015f t\u00fcrk xalqlar\u0131na odlu silah yad deyildi. 17-ci \u0259srin rus m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 Saxa (yakutlar) &#171;atl\u0131lar&#187; adlan\u0131rd\u0131. Atlara ki\u015fil\u0259r, in\u0259kl\u0259r\u0259 qad\u0131nlar bax\u0131rd\u0131lar. Yayda mal-qara otlaqda, q\u0131\u015fda t\u00f6vl\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 saxlan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Onlar h\u0259l\u0259 ruslar g\u0259lm\u0259mi\u015fd\u0259n \u0259vv\u0259l \u0259kin\u00e7ilik, at\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q, \u00e7\u0259m\u0259n\u00e7ilikl\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olurdular. Yakutlar\u0131n m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tind\u0259 heyvanlar ayr\u0131ca yer tuturdu, onlara x\u00fcsusi m\u0259rasiml\u0259r h\u0259sr olunur. At t\u0259svirin\u0259 x\u00fcsusi yer verilmi\u015fdir, h\u0259tta onun insanla birlikd\u0259 basd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 da m\u0259lumdur. S\u0131\u011f\u0131n, v\u0259h\u015fi maral, ay\u0131, qaban, x\u0259zli heyvanlar &#8212; t\u00fclk\u00fc, arktik t\u00fclk\u00fc, samur, d\u0259l\u0259, ermin, \u015fir, sansar, canavar v\u0259 ba\u015fqa heyvanlar ovlan\u0131rd\u0131. Eyni zamanda, \u00e7ox spesifik \u00fcsullardan istifad\u0259 olunurdu, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, ov, c\u0131\u011f\u0131rda atla qovmaq, b\u0259z\u0259n d\u0259 itl\u0259rl\u0259. Yay-ox, niz\u0259 il\u0259 ov edirdil\u0259r v\u0259 17-ci \u0259srd\u0259n is\u0259 odlu silahla ov edirdil\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczd\u0259n tarix\u0259 boylan\u0131nca bu g\u00fcn Atillan\u0131n atl\u0131 ordusundan qorxub me\u015f\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 qa\u00e7an atdan qorxan hollandlar, \u00f6zl\u0259rini \u00c7ingiz Xan\u0131n h\u00fccum x\u0259b\u0259riyl\u0259 \u00e7aylara atan Avropan\u0131n \u015fi\u015firdilmi\u015f &#171;q\u0259hr\u0259man&#187; r\u0131tsarlar\u0131, \u018fmir Teymurun &#171;o\u011flum&#187; dem\u0259sin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 \u015fadyanal\u0131q ed\u0259n \u0130span krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 \u00c7ingiz Xan\u0131n t\u0259k birc\u0259 m\u0259ktubuyla universitetd\u0259 t\u00fcrk dilind\u0259 b\u00f6lm\u0259l\u0259r a\u00e7an krallar bu g\u00fcn qorxunc ke\u00e7mi\u015fl\u0259rini d\u00fcnyan\u0131n xatir\u0259sind\u0259n silm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar. Hind-Avropa iddialar\u0131n\u0131 ir\u0259li s\u00fcr\u0259r\u0259k B\u00f6y\u00fck Sak-\u0130skit tarixini T\u00fcrkl\u0259rd\u0259n uzaq tutmaqd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/fedai.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/BfmzqDRPYjc.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-59395\" width=\"1095\" height=\"821\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><br><strong>FOTO: &#171;\u00c7ingiz xan&#187; tarixi filmi, \u00c7in Xalq Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n istehsal\u0131. \u00c7ingiz xan \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259ri \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7ir\u0259rk\u0259n toplardan v\u0259 bombalardan, metal bombalardan istifad\u0259 edirdi. Bu i\u015fd\u0259 ona \u00e7inli m\u00fch\u0259ndisl\u0259r k\u00f6m\u0259k edirdi.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-3 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/fedai.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/z7SuadxDMw8-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"59393\" data-link=\"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?attachment_id=59393\" class=\"wp-image-59393\"\/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/fedai.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u044f-\u0431\u043e\u043c\u0431\u0430-\u0432-\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435.-\u041c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0439-\u0426\u043e\u043d\u0436\u0438\u043d-\u0411\u043e\u043b\u0434\u043e\u0433-\u041c\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u043b\u0438\u044f.-\u0422\u044e\u0440\u043a\u043e-\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044b-\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438-\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435-\u0431\u043e\u043c\u0431\u044b-\u0438-\u043f\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0438-\u0435\u0449\u0435-\u043f\u0440\u0438-\u0427\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0435.-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"59394\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/fedai.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u044f-\u0431\u043e\u043c\u0431\u0430-\u0432-\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435.-\u041c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0439-\u0426\u043e\u043d\u0436\u0438\u043d-\u0411\u043e\u043b\u0434\u043e\u0433-\u041c\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u043b\u0438\u044f.-\u0422\u044e\u0440\u043a\u043e-\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044b-\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438-\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435-\u0431\u043e\u043c\u0431\u044b-\u0438-\u043f\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0438-\u0435\u0449\u0435-\u043f\u0440\u0438-\u0427\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0435..jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?attachment_id=59394\" class=\"wp-image-59394\"\/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><br><strong>FOTO:<\/strong> <strong>Orta \u0259sr monqollar\u0131n\u0131n odlu silahlar\u0131. \u00c7ingiz xan imperiyas\u0131. Tsongzhin Boldog Muzeyi, Monqolustan. T\u00fcrk-monqollar h\u0259tta \u00c7ingiz xan\u0131n d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 d\u0259 ilk bomba v\u0259 toplardan istifad\u0259 edibl\u0259r.<br><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">Bel\u0259 oldu\u011fu halda, muzeyd\u0259 eksponatlar\u0131, \u0259ld\u0259 fotolar\u0131 oldu\u011fu halda, tarixd\u0259 yaz\u0131l\u0131 m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259r oldu\u011fu halda v\u0259 h\u0259tta \u00c7ingiz Xan\u0131n Yaponiyaya g\u00f6nd\u0259rdiyi donanmada topun olmas\u0131 haqq\u0131nda m\u0259lumatlar \u0259ks olundu\u011fu halda bar\u0131t\u0131 niy\u0259 \u00c7inin ad\u0131na yazd\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131 anlada bildimmi?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Xaqani \u018fd\u0259bo\u011flu Az\u0259rbaycan V\u0259t\u0259n M\u00fcharib\u0259si Veteranlar\u0131 \u0130ctimai Birliyi (AVMV\u0130B) M\u0259tbuat Xidm\u0259tinin r\u0259hb\u0259ri (\u018fvv\u0259li: https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=59329) Sonralar Avrasiya \u00e7\u00f6ll\u0259rinin k\u00f6\u00e7\u0259ril\u0259rinin y\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259ri \u00e7ox ke\u00e7did\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 yenilikl\u0259r\u0259 m\u0259ruz<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-59392","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-arasdirma"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59392","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=59392"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59392\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":59418,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59392\/revisions\/59418"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=59392"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=59392"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=59392"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}