{"id":63170,"date":"2022-02-23T01:27:06","date_gmt":"2022-02-22T21:27:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=63170"},"modified":"2022-02-23T01:27:10","modified_gmt":"2022-02-22T21:27:10","slug":"rusiyani-avropanin-x%c9%99rc%c9%99ng-sisi-adlandiran-karl-marks-rus-xalqina-niy%c9%99-bu-q%c9%99d%c9%99r-nifr%c9%99t-edirdi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=63170","title":{"rendered":"Rusiyan\u0131 \u201cAvropan\u0131n x\u0259r\u00e7\u0259ng \u015fi\u015fi\u201d adland\u0131ran Karl Marks rus xalq\u0131na niy\u0259 bu q\u0259d\u0259r nifr\u0259t edirdi?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Q\u0259rib\u0259dir ki, kommunizmin v\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k SSR\u0130 ideyalar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sas ideoloqu Karl Marks q\u0131z\u011f\u0131n rusofob idi. Rus xalq\u0131na nifr\u0259t o q\u0259d\u0259r g\u00fccl\u00fc idi ki, filosof Rusiyan\u0131n tamamil\u0259 yer \u00fcz\u00fcnd\u0259n silin\u0259c\u0259yini x\u0259yal edirdi.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br><strong>Karl Marks\u0131n Rusiya haqq\u0131nda dedikl\u0259ri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>Marks bu m\u00f6vzuda &#171;New York Daily Tribune&#187; \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bir s\u0131ra m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259r yazm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Onlar 1853-1856-c\u0131 ill\u0259r aras\u0131nda n\u0259\u015fr edilmi\u015fdir. Daha sonra bu m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259r Londonun \u201cThe Free Press\u201d q\u0259zetind\u0259 d\u0259 d\u0259rc edilib v\u0259 \u201c18-ci \u0259srd\u0259 m\u0259xfi diplomatiya tarixin\u0259 dair a\u00e7\u0131qlamalar\u201d adlan\u0131b. Bu materiallar rus dilin\u0259 c\u0259mi bir \u0259sr yar\u0131m sonra 1990-c\u0131 ild\u0259 t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 edilib.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>Marks m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 yaz\u0131rd\u0131 ki, Muskoviya monqol boyunduru\u011funun t\u0259siri alt\u0131nda formala\u015f\u0131b b\u00f6y\u00fcy\u0259n barbar bir varl\u0131qd\u0131r. Bir d\u00f6vl\u0259t olaraq ancaq virtuoz qul siyas\u0259ti il\u0259 m\u00f6hk\u0259ml\u0259nib. Azad olduqdan sonra da o, a\u011fa olsa da qul rolunu oynama\u011fa davam etdi. Marks elmi \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259 B\u00f6y\u00fck Pyotra x\u00fcsusi diqq\u0259t yetirirdi. O, pad\u015fah\u0131n monqol qulunun siyasi s\u0259n\u0259ti il\u0259 monqol xan\u0131n\u0131n iddial\u0131 m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259rini birl\u0259\u015fdirdiyini iddia edirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br><strong>Marks\u0131n rus xalq\u0131na m\u00fcnasib\u0259ti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>Kommunist ideoloqunun rus xalq\u0131na bax\u0131\u015f\u0131 Enges\u0259 yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u0259ktubda yax\u015f\u0131 t\u0259svir edilmi\u015fdir. 1865-ci ild\u0259 Marks Velikoruslar\u0131n slavyan olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yaz\u0131rd\u0131. Moskva B\u00f6y\u00fck Hersoqlu\u011funun \u0259razisi daha \u00e7ox monqollar v\u0259 finl\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n i\u015f\u011fal edilib. Marks Rusiyan\u0131n moskval\u0131lar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n q\u0259sb edildiyin\u0259 inan\u0131rd\u0131. O, Frensis Du\u00e7inskinin yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 tan\u0131\u015f olduqdan sonra ox\u015far fikird\u0259 olub. Maraql\u0131d\u0131r ki, 1870-ci ild\u0259 Marks bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 fikrini d\u0259yi\u015fdi. L\u00fcdviq Kugelmanna yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u0259ktubda o, Du\u00e7inskinin n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259sinin s\u0259hv oldu\u011funu, lakin o, bel\u0259 bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc slavyanlar aras\u0131nda populyarla\u015fd\u0131rmaq ist\u0259diyini yaz\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Engelsl\u0259 birg\u0259 \u201cRus \u00e7arizminin xarici siyas\u0259ti\u201d \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 Karl Marks yaz\u0131rd\u0131 ki, rus xalq\u0131 \u00e7ox g\u00fccl\u00fc v\u0259 d\u00f6z\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr, eyni zamanda son d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259 passivdir. D\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn n\u0259tic\u0259si yaln\u0131z s\u0131x birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259 il\u0259 h\u0259ll olunarsa, onu m\u0259\u011flub etm\u0259k dem\u0259k olar ki, m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyil. Ancaq eyni zamanda, rus xalq\u0131 sosial c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n passivdir v\u0259 hakimiyy\u0259tin \u0259fsan\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 v\u0259 t\u0259bli\u011fat\u0131na asanl\u0131qla inan\u0131r. Ruslar sistemin \u0259dal\u0259tsizliyin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 nec\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 aparsalar da, he\u00e7 vaxt \u00e7ara qar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131xmayacaqlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br><strong>Marks v\u0259 Herzen aras\u0131nda qar\u015f\u0131durma<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>Aleksandr Herzeni Londonda f\u0259hl\u0259 h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131na h\u0259sr olunmu\u015f mitinqd\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f etm\u0259y\u0259 d\u0259v\u0259t etdil\u0259r. Lakin Karl Marks onun m\u0259ruz\u0259sin\u0259 k\u0259skin \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131. Mitinqin t\u0259\u015fkilat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri d\u0259 o idi. Sonradan Herzen etiraf etdi ki, Marks\u0131n onunla he\u00e7 bir \u015f\u0259xsi hesab\u0131 yoxdur, problem yaln\u0131z onun rus m\u0259n\u015f\u0259li olmas\u0131 idi. Onlardan yaln\u0131z biri ir\u0259li \u00e7\u0131xmal\u0131d\u0131r. Marks\u0131n Herzen\u0259 olan b\u00fct\u00fcn bu nifr\u0259ti s\u0131rf platonik bir nifr\u0259t idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>\u018fsl qalmaqal daha sonra Hersen \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn \u201cKolokol\u201d jurnal\u0131nda Marks\u0131n v\u0259 Engelsin \u201cKommunist Partiyas\u0131n\u0131n Manifesti\u201dni rus dilind\u0259 \u00e7ap etdirdikd\u0259n sonra ba\u015f verdi. Sonradan Engels Hersenin bel\u0259 bir h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tini &#171;\u0259d\u0259bi maraq&#187; adland\u0131rd\u0131. O da m\u0259lumdur ki, rus anarxizminin n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259\u00e7isi Bakunin Marksla ki\u015fi kimi davranmaq, bir s\u00f6zl\u0259 \u2013 \u201cvurub a\u011fz\u0131n\u0131 da\u011f\u0131tmaq\u201d \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn s\u0259b\u0259b axtar\u0131rd\u0131. O, vaxtil\u0259 \u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259d\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br><strong>Marks niy\u0259 rusofob olub?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>Marks v\u0259 Engels 1849-cu ild\u0259 &#171;The Free Press&#187;in n\u0259\u015fr\u0259 ba\u015flamas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Londona g\u0259ldil\u0259r. Onlar\u0131n anti-Rusiya b\u0259yanatlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck intensivliyi 1854-1856-c\u0131 ill\u0259r Kr\u0131m m\u00fcharib\u0259si d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Marks \u00f6z\u00fc bunu \u201cAvropa xalqlar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s m\u00fcbariz\u0259si\u201d adland\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131. O, m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259rinin birind\u0259 yaz\u0131rd\u0131 ki, Kron\u015ftadt v\u0259 Sankt-Peterburq yer \u00fcz\u00fcnd\u0259n silinm\u0259lidir. Bu \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259r, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 Odessa, Sevastopol, Riqa v\u0259 azad edilmi\u015f Finlandiya olmadan Rusiyan\u0131n he\u00e7 bir \u015fans\u0131 yoxdur. O, qolu olmayan, ancaq \u00e7\u0259kisi il\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259nl\u0259rini vurma\u011fa c\u0259hd ed\u0259 bil\u0259n kor n\u0259h\u0259ng\u0259 \u00e7evril\u0259c\u0259kdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>Karl Marks\u0131n \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rini ara\u015fd\u0131ranlar onun rusofob bax\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259b\u0259bini onun u\u015faql\u0131\u011f\u0131nda axtar\u0131rd\u0131lar. Kommunist ideoloq u\u011furlu alman h\u00fcquq\u015f\u00fcnas\u0131n\u0131n ail\u0259sind\u0259 do\u011fulub v\u0259 ona uy\u011fun ruhda t\u0259rbiy\u0259 al\u0131b. Rusiyan\u0131n h\u0259rbi u\u011furlar\u0131 v\u0259 onu faktiki Monarxiyaya \u00e7evir\u0259n Napoleon \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 q\u0259l\u0259b\u0259 onda rusofobiyan\u0131 g\u00fccl\u0259ndirib. Marks\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fc d\u0259 Reyn y\u0259hudisi idi v\u0259 Rusiyan\u0131n antisemitizml\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful oldu\u011funa inan\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>1848-ci ild\u0259 Avropa inqilabi h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259\u011flubiyy\u0259ti Marksa a\u011f\u0131r z\u0259rb\u0259 vurdu v\u0259 eyni zamanda Avstriya \u0130mperiyas\u0131n\u0131 az qala m\u0259hv etdi. \u0130nqilab\u0131 yaln\u0131z serbl\u0259rd\u0259n v\u0259 xorvatlardan c\u0259lb edilmi\u015f rus v\u0259 Avstriya qo\u015funlar\u0131n\u0131n q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259ri dayand\u0131rd\u0131. Bundan sonra Marks m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259rinin birind\u0259 yaz\u0131rd\u0131 ki, ruslar \u201c\u0259ksinqilabi irqdir, Avropan\u0131n x\u0259r\u00e7\u0259ng \u015fi\u015fidir\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u0259nb\u0259: Krillitsa.ru<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259: Nurlan M\u0259mm\u0259dli<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Q\u0259rib\u0259dir ki, kommunizmin v\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k SSR\u0130 ideyalar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sas ideoloqu Karl Marks q\u0131z\u011f\u0131n rusofob idi. Rus xalq\u0131na nifr\u0259t o q\u0259d\u0259r g\u00fccl\u00fc idi ki, filosof Rusiyan\u0131n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-63170","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tarix"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63170","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=63170"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63170\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":63172,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63170\/revisions\/63172"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=63170"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=63170"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=63170"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}