{"id":70385,"date":"2022-05-14T02:39:20","date_gmt":"2022-05-13T22:39:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=70385"},"modified":"2022-05-14T02:39:23","modified_gmt":"2022-05-13T22:39:23","slug":"qizilbas-dovl%c9%99ti-v%c9%99-qafqaz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=70385","title":{"rendered":"QIZILBA\u015e D\u00d6VL\u018fT\u0130 V\u018f QAFQAZ"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

III H\u0130SS\u018f<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

XVIII \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 Qafqazda v\u0259ziyy\u0259t yenid\u0259n d\u0259yi\u015fdi. Rusiya S\u0259f\u0259vil\u0259r d\u00f6vl\u0259tini z\u0259ifl\u0259tm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259lind\u0259n g\u0259l\u0259ni edirdi. Bir m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259ni d\u0259 vur\u011fulayaq ki, o d\u00f6vrd\u0259 S\u0259f\u0259vil\u0259r d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin c\u0259za sistemi dem\u0259k olar ki, i\u015fl\u0259mirdi. Z\u0259nnimizc\u0259, bunun s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rind\u0259n biri d\u0259 o idi ki, S\u0259f\u0259vil\u0259rin son \u015fahlar\u0131n\u0131 faktiki olaraq \u0259vv\u0259lki h\u00f6kmdarlar t\u0259yin etmirdil\u0259r. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, \u015eah S\u00fcleyman S\u0259f\u0259vi (1648\u20131694) saray \u0259yanlar\u0131na bel\u0259 bir v\u0259siyy\u0259t etmi\u015fdi: \u201c\u018fg\u0259r d\u00f6vl\u0259tin g\u00fccl\u0259nm\u0259sini, m\u00fcharib\u0259 v\u0259 f\u0259thl\u0259r ist\u0259yirsinizs\u0259 ki\u00e7ik o\u011flum Abbas Mirz\u0259ni, s\u00fclh \u015f\u0259raitind\u0259 ya\u015famaq arzusundas\u0131n\u0131zsa b\u00f6y\u00fck o\u011flum H\u00fcseyn Mirz\u0259ni \u015fah se\u00e7in\u201d.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qeyd etm\u0259liyik ki, t\u0259kc\u0259 \u015eah H\u00fcseyn S\u0259f\u0259vini  (1668\u20131726) deyil, onun atas\u0131 \u015eah S\u00fcleyman S\u0259f\u0259vini v\u0259 ehtimala g\u00f6r\u0259, babas\u0131 \u015eah II Abbas S\u0259f\u0259vini (1632\u20131667) d\u0259 saray\u0131n xac\u0259l\u0259r \u015furas\u0131 se\u00e7mi\u015fdi. Bu is\u0259 o dem\u0259k idi ki, S\u0259f\u0259vi \u015fahlar\u0131 m\u00fch\u00fcm d\u00f6vl\u0259t q\u0259rarlar\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259kba\u015f\u0131na q\u0259bul ed\u0259 bilm\u0259zdil\u0259r. S\u00f6z\u00fcged\u0259n situasiyan\u0131n m\u00fcsb\u0259t t\u0259r\u0259fi d\u0259 vard\u0131: \u0130dar\u0259etm\u0259 prosesind\u0259 c\u0259miyy\u0259tin b\u00f6y\u00fck bir hiss\u0259sinin \u2013 \u0259sas\u0259n oturaq \u0259halinin, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 alim, ruhani, tacir, s\u0259n\u0259tkar v\u0259 k\u0259ndlil\u0259rin \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259tinin maraqlar\u0131 daha \u00e7ox n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131. B\u0259lk\u0259 d\u0259 \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259 \u0259fqanlar\u0131n qiyam\u0131, ard\u0131nca Rusiyan\u0131n v\u0259 Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259cav\u00fcz\u00fc, sonda is\u0259 Nadir \u015fah \u018ff\u015far\u0131n (1698\u20131747) h\u0259min \u015f\u0259rait \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn lab\u00fcd diktaturas\u0131 olmasayd\u0131, m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n bir m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259d\u0259 ictimai m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rin demokratikl\u0259\u015fm\u0259si prosesi d\u0259 ba\u015flayacaqd\u0131. Amma onu da vur\u011fulamal\u0131y\u0131q ki, tarix «el\u0259 olsayd\u0131, bel\u0259 olard\u0131» fikrini birm\u0259nal\u0131 olaraq q\u0259bul etmir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f6st\u0259ril\u0259n m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259nin m\u0259nfi t\u0259r\u0259fi is\u0259 o idi ki, d\u00f6vl\u0259tin \u0259sas institutlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yen\u0259 d\u0259 balans yaranmam\u0131\u015f, hakimiyy\u0259t faktiki olaraq \u201cq\u0131r\u011f\u0131lar\u0131n\u201d (\u0259sas\u0259n q\u0131z\u0131lba\u015flardan olan h\u0259rb\u00e7il\u0259rin v\u0259 c\u0259za aparat\u0131n\u0131n) \u0259lind\u0259n \u00e7\u0131x\u0131b \u201cg\u00f6y\u0259r\u00e7inl\u0259rin\u201d (xac\u0259l\u0259rin v\u0259 aliml\u0259rin) \u0259lin\u0259 ke\u00e7mi\u015fdi. Bu is\u0259 o d\u00f6vr \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn q\u0259buledilm\u0259z bir v\u0259ziyy\u0259t idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Misal 1: <\/strong>Q\u0131z\u0131lba\u015flar 1706-c\u0131 ild\u0259 \u0259fqan qiyam\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ilk lideri Mir Veys xan\u0131n (1673\u20131715) d\u0259st\u0259l\u0259rini m\u0259\u011flub edib onun \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc \u0259sir g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fcl\u0259r. S\u0259f\u0259vil\u0259rin \u018ffqan\u0131stan valisi Mir Veys xan\u0131 \u0130sfahana g\u00f6nd\u0259rdi. \u015eah H\u00fcseyn S\u0259f\u0259vi t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259li qiyam\u00e7\u0131n\u0131 edam etdirm\u0259k \u0259v\u0259zin\u0259 onunla \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn h\u00f6rm\u0259tli qona\u011f\u0131 kimi davrand\u0131. 1708-ci ild\u0259 is\u0259 Mir Veys xan\u0131 H\u0259cc ziyar\u0259tin\u0259 burax\u0131b oradan da \u018ffqan\u0131stana qay\u0131tmas\u0131na icaz\u0259 verdi. \u015eah H\u00fcseynin bel\u0259 bir alic\u0259nab m\u00fcnasib\u0259tin\u0259 Mir Veys xan\u0131n cavab\u0131 n\u0259 oldu? O, Hicaza yeti\u015f\u0259n kimi vaxt\u0131 f\u00f6vt\u0259 verm\u0259d\u0259n M\u0259kk\u0259 ruhanil\u0259rind\u0259n q\u0131z\u0131lba\u015flara qar\u015f\u0131 silahl\u0131 cihad\u0131n vacibliyi bar\u0259d\u0259 yaz\u0131l\u0131 f\u0259tva ald\u0131. 1709-cu ilin aprelind\u0259 gilzaylar (pu\u015ftu dilin\u0259 ke\u00e7mi\u015f x\u0259l\u0259c t\u00fcrkl\u0259ri) Mir Veys xan\u0131n r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi alt\u0131nda yenid\u0259n \u00fcsyana qalxd\u0131lar. Bir ne\u00e7\u0259 il s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f \u015fidd\u0259tli m\u00fcbariz\u0259d\u0259n sonra \u0259fqanlar qalib g\u0259ldil\u0259r. 1722-ci ild\u0259 is\u0259 Mir Veys xan\u0131n o\u011flu Mir Mahmud xan (1697\u20131725) \u0130sfahan \u015f\u0259h\u0259rini \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irib S\u0259f\u0259vil\u0259r imperiyas\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na son qoydu. Mir Mahmud xan v\u0259 onun \u0259misi o\u011flu Mir \u018f\u015fr\u0259f xan (1700\u20131730) 1725\u20131726-c\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 \u015eah H\u00fcseyni v\u0259 S\u0259f\u0259vi \u015fahzad\u0259l\u0259rinin dem\u0259k olar ki, ham\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259h\u015fic\u0259sin\u0259 q\u0259tl\u0259 yetirdil\u0259r.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Misal 2:<\/strong> Rus tarix\u00e7isi v\u0259 \u201cm\u0259xfi d\u00f6vl\u0259t m\u00fc\u015faviri\u201d Pyotr Qriqoryevi\u00e7 Butkovun (1775\u20131857) \u201c1722-ci ild\u0259n 1893-c\u00fc il\u0259d\u0259k Qafqaz\u0131n yeni tarixi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn materiallar\u201d adl\u0131 \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 bel\u0259 bir m\u0259lumat vard\u0131r: \u201c(Da\u011f\u0131stan v\u0259 \u015eirvan qiyam\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131) Davud b\u0259y D\u0259rb\u0259ndd\u0259 n\u0259zar\u0259t alt\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131x\u0131b guya \u015faha xidm\u0259t etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn 1000 n\u0259f\u0259rlik d\u0259st\u0259 y\u0131\u011fd\u0131. Sonra is\u0259 o, Surxay xanla birl\u0259\u015fib qiyama ba\u015flad\u0131\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00fcasir tarix\u00e7il\u0259r bel\u0259 g\u00fcman edirl\u0259r ki, Hac\u0131 Davud (1680\u20131735) 1719-cu ilin sonunda q\u0131z\u0131lba\u015flara \u0259sir d\u00fc\u015f\u0259r\u0259k D\u0259rb\u0259nd h\u0259bsxanas\u0131na sal\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, sonra is\u0259 g\u00f6z\u0259t\u00e7il\u0259ri aldadaraq oradan guya qa\u00e7m\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. P.Q.Butkovun \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259n g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fc kimi, Hac\u0131 Davud h\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259n hiyl\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259tmi\u015fdi. Lakin o, he\u00e7 bir yer\u0259 qa\u00e7mam\u0131\u015fd\u0131. S\u0259f\u0259vi m\u0259murlar\u0131 Hac\u0131 Davudun bundan sonra \u015eaha xidm\u0259t ed\u0259c\u0259yi bar\u0259d\u0259 v\u0259din\u0259 inanaraq d\u00f6vl\u0259t \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn olduqca t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259li olan bu \u015f\u0259xsi h\u0259bsd\u0259n azad etmi\u015fdil\u0259r. Halbuki o, \u0259n az\u0131 1712-ci ild\u0259n S\u0259f\u0259vi d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin bar\u015fmaz d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259ni, silahl\u0131 qiyamlar\u0131n \u0259sas t\u0259\u015fkilat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131ndan v\u0259 r\u0259hb\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259n biri kimi tan\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131. Buna baxmayaraq q\u0131z\u0131lba\u015f hakiml\u0259ri bel\u0259 bir m\u0259suliyy\u0259tsiz h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t\u0259 yol verdil\u0259r. N\u0259tic\u0259 is\u0259 h\u0259m S\u0259f\u0259vil\u0259r d\u00f6vl\u0259ti, h\u0259m d\u0259 Qafqaz xalqlar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00e7ox ac\u0131nacaql\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1720-ci ilin iyununda Rusiya d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin t\u0259hriki v\u0259 b\u0259zi din xadiml\u0259rinin pozucu f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 Da\u011f\u0131stan\u0131n c\u0259nubunda m\u0259rk\u0259zi hakimiyy\u0259t\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 silahl\u0131 qiyam ba\u015fland\u0131. 1721-ci il avqustun 25-d\u0259 Hac\u0131 Davud b\u0259yin r\u0259hb\u0259rlik etdiyi qiyam\u00e7\u0131lar \u015eamax\u0131n\u0131 \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irib \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259 k\u00fctl\u0259vi q\u0259tl v\u0259 qar\u0259t t\u00f6r\u0259tdil\u0259r. Bu hadis\u0259l\u0259r zaman\u0131 bir ne\u00e7\u0259 rus taciri \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc, onlar\u0131n mallar\u0131 is\u0259 ya\u011fmaland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bununla da Rusiya d\u00f6vl\u0259ti s\u0259birsizlikl\u0259 \u00e7oxdan g\u00f6zl\u0259diyi b\u0259han\u0259ni \u0259ld\u0259 etdi. 1722-ci il iyulun 29-da 160.000 n\u0259f\u0259rlik n\u0259h\u0259ng rus ordusu Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n X\u0259z\u0259ryan\u0131 \u0259razil\u0259rin\u0259 soxuldu. Tarqu \u015famxall\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hakimiyy\u0259ti q\u0259sb etmi\u015f II Adil G\u0259ray (?\u20131725) ruslar\u0131n t\u0259r\u0259fin\u0259 ke\u00e7s\u0259 d\u0259, qumuxlar\u0131n v\u0259 \u00e7e\u00e7enl\u0259rin \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti i\u015f\u011fal\u00e7\u0131lara \u015fidd\u0259tli m\u00fcqavim\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rdi. \u00c7ar qo\u015funlar\u0131 onlarla qumux v\u0259 \u00e7e\u00e7en ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259sini, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n, m\u0259\u015fhur Endirey k\u0259ndini yand\u0131r\u0131b minl\u0259rl\u0259 dinc sakini q\u0259tl\u0259 yetirdil\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1725-ci ild\u0259 qumuxlar\u0131n rus qalalar\u0131na h\u00fccumlar\u0131n\u0131 b\u0259han\u0259 g\u0259tir\u0259n \u00e7ar h\u00f6kum\u0259ti Tarqu \u015famxall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 l\u0259\u011fv etdi. \u0130mperiyan\u0131n m\u0259qs\u0259di bu \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 daha da m\u00f6hk\u0259ml\u0259nm\u0259k idi. Lakin q\u0131z\u0131lba\u015flarla on \u00fc\u00e7 illik m\u00fcharib\u0259 (1722\u20131735) Rusiyan\u0131n a\u011f\u0131r m\u0259\u011flubiyy\u0259ti il\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ndi. 1735-ci il mart\u0131n 21-d\u0259 ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f G\u0259nc\u0259 m\u00fcqavil\u0259sinin \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259rin\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n, rus ordusu Bak\u0131dan D\u0259rb\u0259nd\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259rki \u0259razini 2 h\u0259ft\u0259d\u0259n, Da\u011f\u0131stan\u0131 is\u0259 2 aydan da az bir m\u00fcdd\u0259t \u0259rzind\u0259 t\u0259rk etm\u0259li oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

1735-ci ild\u0259 S\u0259f\u0259vi saray\u0131n\u0131n q\u0259ti t\u0259l\u0259bi il\u0259 qumux t\u00fcrkl\u0259rinin d\u00f6vl\u0259ti \u2013 Tarqu \u015famxall\u0131\u011f\u0131 yenid\u0259n b\u0259rpa edildi. <\/strong>Qumux d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u00e7iliyinin qarant\u0131 Q\u0131z\u0131lba\u015f d\u00f6vl\u0259ti (S\u0259f\u0259vil\u0259r, \u018ff\u015farlar v\u0259 Qacarlar) idi. M\u0259hz buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 VI Q\u0131z\u0131lba\u015f\u2013Rusiya m\u00fcharib\u0259sind\u0259 (1826\u20131828) Qacarlar\u0131n m\u0259\u011flubiyy\u0259ti Qafqaz xalqlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k faci\u0259l\u0259rinin ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c\u0131 oldu. 1867-ci ild\u0259 is\u0259 rus hakimiyy\u0259ti Tarqu \u015famxall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n formal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na da bird\u0259f\u0259lik son qoyub qumux torpaqlar\u0131nda Da\u011f\u0131stan vilay\u0259tinin Temir-Xan-\u015eura dair\u0259sini yaratd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00fc\u0259llif: Milli Kimlik Ara\u015fd\u0131rmalar\u0131 Qrupunun \u00fczv\u00fc Araz \u015e\u0259hrili<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

III H\u0130SS\u018f XVIII \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 Qafqazda v\u0259ziyy\u0259t yenid\u0259n d\u0259yi\u015fdi. Rusiya S\u0259f\u0259vil\u0259r d\u00f6vl\u0259tini z\u0259ifl\u0259tm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259lind\u0259n g\u0259l\u0259ni edirdi. Bir m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259ni d\u0259 vur\u011fulayaq ki, o d\u00f6vrd\u0259<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":70389,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-70385","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tarix"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70385","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=70385"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70385\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":70390,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70385\/revisions\/70390"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/70389"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=70385"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=70385"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=70385"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}