{"id":70576,"date":"2022-05-16T03:01:29","date_gmt":"2022-05-15T23:01:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=70576"},"modified":"2022-05-16T11:28:37","modified_gmt":"2022-05-16T07:28:37","slug":"tatar-etnoniminin-m%c9%99ns%c9%99yi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=70576","title":{"rendered":"\u201cTatar\u201d etnoniminin m\u0259n\u015f\u0259yi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u201cTatar\u201d etnonimin\u0259 ilk d\u0259f\u0259 \u201cotuz tatar\u201d (otuz tatar) ifad\u0259sind\u0259 rast g\u0259linir. K\u00fcl-Teginin m\u0259zar da\u015f\u0131ndak\u0131 kitab\u0259d\u0259 tatarlar\u0131n t\u00fcrkl\u0259rin xaqan\u0131 Bum\u0131n Xaqana tabe olduqlar\u0131ndan b\u0259hs ed\u0259n yaz\u0131da Otuz tatarlar\u0131n\u0131n xalq\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131 \u00e7\u0259kilir. T\u0259svir edil\u0259n hadis\u0259 VI \u0259srd\u0259 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f 2-ci s\u00fctuna aiddir. M\u00fcs\u0259lman m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 C\u0259nubi v\u0259 \u015e\u0259rqi Monqolustan v\u0259 \u015eimali \u00c7inin daxil oldu\u011fu \u201cD\u0259\u015ft-i tatarlar\u201d adl\u0131 bir diyardan b\u0259hs edilir. X-XII \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 bu \u0259razid\u0259 bir s\u0131ra tatar d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n \u00ab\u0414\u043e\u043a\u0443\u0437 \u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440\u00bb (doqquz tatar) d\u00f6vl\u0259ti m\u00f6vcud idi (1, s. 50, 51).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n


Hal-haz\u0131rda «tatar» s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn etimologiyas\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259xmin\u0259n s\u0259kkiz \u0259n \u00e7ox yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f versiyas\u0131 var:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n


1) \u00c7ingiz Xandan \u0259vv\u0259lki \u00c7in m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259ri tatarlar\u0131 \u201cda-da\u201d v\u0259 ya \u201ctata\u201d adland\u0131r\u0131rlar.
2) Plano Karpini (1246) bu etnonimi Monqolustanda Tatar \u00e7ay\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ndirmi\u015fdir.
3) \u0130. N. Berezin hesab edirdi ki, \u201ctatarlar\u201d \u201ctartar\u201d (\u00e7\u0259km\u0259k, dartar) fel formas\u0131ndan g\u0259lir.
4) XVII \u0259srd\u0259 \u201cT\u00fcrkl\u0259rin \u015f\u0259c\u0259r\u0259 a\u011fac\u0131\u201dn\u0131 yazan \u018fb\u00fclqazi bu etnonimi Tatar adl\u0131 xan\u0131n ad\u0131ndan alaraq \u201ctatarlar\u201d adland\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131 yaz\u0131r.
5) Budaqov L. Z. v\u0259 Baskakov N. A. hesab edirdil\u0259r ki, \u201ctatarlar\u201d Az\u0259rbaycan (indiki \u0130ran-red.) v\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259 \u201ctatarlar\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc \u00e7aparlar, el\u00e7il\u0259r m\u0259nas\u0131n\u0131 verir.
6) Suxarev A. A.g\u00f6r\u0259 is\u0259 «tau» (da\u011f) + «tor» (ya\u015famaq) s\u00f6zl\u0259rind\u0259n «tatarlar» s\u00f6z\u00fc yaran\u0131b.
8) Ancaq Eremeev D. E. versiyas\u0131 bir \u00e7ox elm adam\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n h\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259 \u0259n yax\u0131n olaraq tan\u0131n\u0131r, buna g\u00f6r\u0259 «ar» sonlu\u011fu t\u00fcrkc\u0259 «er \/ ir» (\u0259r, ki\u015fi) v\u0259 «tat» komponenti ola bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Q\u0259dim Az\u0259rbaycan (indiki \u0130ran-red.) \u0259halisinin adlar\u0131ndan biri il\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259 oluna bil\u0259r. Mahmud Ka\u015fqarinin XI \u0259srd\u0259 yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kimi, \u201ct\u00fcrkl\u0259rd\u0259n \u201cfarsca…\u201d dan\u0131\u015fa bil\u0259nl\u0259r tatar deyirl\u0259r. Bundan \u0259lav\u0259, t\u00fcrkl\u0259r dig\u0259r qon\u015fular\u0131 — \u00e7inlil\u0259ri v\u0259 uy\u011furlar\u0131 da tatar adland\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131lar. \u201cTat\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn ilkin m\u0259nas\u0131 \u00e7ox g\u00fcman ki, \u201ciranl\u0131\u201d, \u201ciranca dan\u0131\u015fan\u201d anlam\u0131nda olub, lakin sonra bu s\u00f6z \u201cb\u00fct\u00fcn yadlar\u0131, y\u0259ni g\u0259lm\u0259l\u0259ri m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn\u201d i\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131. H\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259n d\u0259 q\u0259dim t\u00fcrk dilind\u0259 \u201ctat\u201d (m\u00fcasir t\u00fcrk dill\u0259rind\u0259 \u201cyat, jat\u201d) \u201cyad, yadelli\u201d dem\u0259kdir. Y\u0259ni \u201ctatarlar\u201d \u201cyad \u0259r, yad adam dem\u0259kdir\u201d (3, s. 24-27).<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Redaksiyadan qeyd: Bu fakt bir daha t\u00fcrkl\u0259rin, m\u0259hz Anadolu v\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycandan \u015e\u0259rq\u0259 getm\u0259sini t\u0259sdiql\u0259yir. Q\u0259dim T\u00fcrkl\u0259rd\u0259 bir deyim var: «Tats\u0131z t\u00fcrk olmaz, ba\u015fs\u0131z b\u00f6rk olmaz»…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Amma dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n, tarixi m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 \u201co\u011fuz\u201d, \u201ctatar\u201d s\u00f6zl\u0259rind\u0259n v\u0259 t\u00fcrk r\u0259q\u0259ml\u0259rind\u0259n ibar\u0259t etnoniml\u0259rin qeyd edilm\u0259si, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n: \u201c\u00fc\u00e7 o\u011fuz, alt\u0131 o\u011fuz, dokuz o\u011fuz (doqquz o\u011fuz), on o\u011fuz, otuz o\u011fuz, dokuz tatar (doqquz tatar), otuz tatar» tatar s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn ilkin olaraq etnik y\u00fck da\u015f\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u0259y\u0259 vadar edir. Lakin t\u00fcrk xalqlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda hans\u0131sa b\u00f6y\u00fck etnik formasiyan\u0131n m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n struktur vahidinin yaln\u0131z k\u0259miyy\u0259t v\u0259 ya \u0259d\u0259di semantikas\u0131n\u0131 ifad\u0259 edir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\u201cO\u011fuz\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn yozumunu Sadri Maksudi \u00f6z d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 m\u00fck\u0259mm\u0259l \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 n\u00fcmayi\u015f etdirmi\u015fdir. O, bel\u0259 \u0259sasland\u0131r\u0131b: \u201cO\u011fuz\u201d hans\u0131 t\u00fcrk s\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259ndir? M\u0259nc\u0259, bu, \u201cok\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn c\u0259m formas\u0131d\u0131r. Ba\u015fqa s\u00f6zl\u0259, \u201co\u011fuz\u201d, y\u0259ni \u201coklar\u201d. Q\u0259dim t\u00fcrk dilind\u0259 \u201cok\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc… \u201ctayfalar birliyi\u201d m\u0259nas\u0131n\u0131 da\u015f\u0131y\u0131rd\u0131. Bunu bir \u00e7ox \u00c7in m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259ri ayd\u0131n \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 t\u0259sdiql\u0259yir. \u00c7ox q\u0259dim bir d\u00f6vrd\u0259… t\u00fcrkl\u0259r aras\u0131nda \u201clar \/ ler\u201d sonlu\u011fu il\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, \u201cz\u201d sonlu\u011fu da c\u0259m say\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6st\u0259ricisi rolunu oynam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r, … buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 bel\u0259 birlikl\u0259rin birliyi, is, \u201cok\u201d, c\u0259md\u0259 \u201cok-lar\u201d deyil, \u201cok-z > okuz > o\u011fuz\u201d adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r… (4, s. 317, 318)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bel\u0259likl\u0259, \u201cdokuz o\u011fuz\u201d ad\u0131 \u201cbirlik\u201d m\u0259nas\u0131n\u0131 ver\u0259c\u0259kdir, y\u0259ni doqquz (oklar)\u201d (4, s. 317). O yaz\u0131rd\u0131: \u201cO\u011fuz\u201d etnik m\u0259na da\u015f\u0131yan termin deyil, sad\u0259c\u0259 olaraq etnik varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n struktur b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u0259sind\u0259, \u201cok\u201d- a b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u0259sin\u0259 i\u015far\u0259 ed\u0259n termindir v\u0259… T\u00fcrk tarixi O\u011fuz t\u00fcrkl\u0259rini tan\u0131m\u0131r, yaln\u0131z \u201cO\u011fuz\u201d t\u00fcrkl\u0259ri orada yer alm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r\u201d (4, s. 318).<\/p>\n\n\n\n


M\u0259n\u0259 el\u0259 g\u0259lir ki, \u201ctatar\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc \u201ctar\u201d k\u00f6k\u00fcnd\u0259n v\u0259 onu xarakteriz\u0259 ed\u0259n \u201cta\u201d epitetind\u0259n ibar\u0259tdir. \u201cTar\u201d \u0259sas\u0131 v\u0259 onun t\u00f6r\u0259m\u0259l\u0259ri (\u00e7e\u015fidl\u0259ri) \u201ct\u0131r, tur, tor, ter, tir\u201d o\u011fuzca \u201cdoqar\u201d (v\u0259 ya q\u0131p\u00e7aqca \u201ctuar\u201d) \u015fifahi formas\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 yaranm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r». Ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131cda \u201cdo\u011far\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc g\u00fcnd\u0259lik \u00e7\u0131xan g\u00fcn\u0259\u015f m\u0259nas\u0131n\u0131 verirdi. Bunu g\u00fcn\u0259\u015fl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 m\u0259na da\u015f\u0131yan iki tatar s\u00f6z\u00fc d\u0259 t\u0259sdiq edir: tarq\u0131l (t\u00fcnd q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131), tiray (oynamaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn taxta \u015far), ) [2, c.3, s. 42, 196].<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Ancaq «g\u00fcn\u0259\u015f» anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259li ba\u015fqa bir anlay\u0131\u015flar silsil\u0259si var — bu: «n\u0259sil, insan, q\u0259bil\u0259, tayfa, xalq». M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n: torun \/ turun (t\u00fcrk \/ tat. \u201cn\u0259v\u0259\u201d), taram\u0131k (tat. \u201cbir \u0259cdaddan g\u0259l\u0259n n\u0259sil\u201d), tarxan (tat. \u201cb\u00f6lg\u0259 xan\u0131n q\u0259rargah\u0131 v\u0259 ya iqam\u0259tgah\u0131, xan\u0131n uzaq qohumu olan yer v\u0259 ba\u015f xan, onlar\u0131 vergi \u00f6d\u0259m\u0259kd\u0259n azad edib\u00bb), tarxan (\u00c7a\u011fatay tayfalar\u0131ndan birinin ad\u0131) [5, s. 854], turya [Rus orfoqrafiyas\u0131nda «turya»- \u201ch\u0259bsxana\u201d] (tat. \u201cr\u0259hb\u0259r\u201d), bat\u0131r (tat. \u201cq\u0259hr\u0259man, igid\u201d), matur (tat. \u201cg\u00f6z\u0259l\u201d), tarmaq (tatar l\u0259hc\u0259sind\u0259 \u201cb\u00fct\u00fcn ail\u0259, b\u00fct\u00fcn qohumlar\u201d), tatar ( tatar l\u0259hc\u0259sind\u0259 \u201cevli adam\u201d) [6, s. 399, 401].
B\u00fct\u00fcn yuxar\u0131da deyil\u0259nl\u0259rd\u0259n bel\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259y\u0259 g\u0259lm\u0259k olar ki, \u201ctar\u201d k\u00f6k\u00fcn\u00fcn \u0259n \u00fcmumi m\u0259nas\u0131 \u201ctayfa, xalq\u201d olacaqd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


«Ta» epitetin\u0259 (t\u0259rifin\u0259) g\u0259linc\u0259, bu, \u00e7ox g\u00fcman ki, m\u00fcasir tatarca «deu» [dew] (b\u00f6y\u00fck) s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn q\u0259dim formas\u0131d\u0131r. Fikrimc\u0259, biz \u201cdeu\u201d [dew] s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn q\u0259dim formas\u0131n\u0131 tatarca \u201ctumen\u201d (on min) s\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 bil\u0259rik, burada «men» -\u201cmin\u201d v\u0259 \u201ctu\u201d [tyu] is\u0259 \u201cb\u00f6y\u00fck\u201d dem\u0259kdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n


G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr, t\u00fcrkl\u0259r mind\u0259n on min\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r saya malik olanad\u0259k bu r\u0259q\u0259mi \u201cb\u00f6y\u00fck min\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc il\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n etmi\u015fl\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Q\u0259dim t\u00fcrkc\u0259 \u201cb\u00f6y\u00fck\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7uva\u015f dilind\u0259ki \u201ctotto\u201d (baba) s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn strukturunda da g\u00f6rm\u0259k olar ki, bu s\u00f6z iki s\u00f6z\u00fcn birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259sind\u0259n \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259lmi\u015f ola bil\u0259r: \u201cto\u201d (b\u00f6y\u00fck) + \u201catte\u201d (ata) = \u201c totto\u201d (baba) [7 , c. 2, s. 7, 240].<\/p>\n\n\n\n


«Evli ki\u015fi» m\u0259nas\u0131nda olan «tatar» dialektind\u0259 «tar» (ki\u015fi) s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 istinad etm\u0259kl\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, «ta» (b\u00f6y\u00fck) anlam\u0131 da var. H\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259n, evli ki\u015fi b\u00f6y\u00fck olur («yetkin» m\u0259nas\u0131nda).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bel\u0259likl\u0259, \u201ctatarlar\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc \u201cb\u00f6y\u00fck tayfa, b\u00f6y\u00fck xalq\u201d m\u0259nas\u0131n\u0131 verirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Ola bilsin ki, bu s\u00f6z h\u0259m d\u0259 \u201cb\u00f6y\u00fck tayfa birliyi\u201d m\u0259nas\u0131ndad\u0131r. Onda \u201cotuz tatarlar\u0131\u201d ifad\u0259si \u201c30 b\u00f6y\u00fck tayfa ittifaq\u0131\u201d kimi ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclm\u0259lidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bel\u0259likl\u0259, m\u0259lum olur ki, «tatar» s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn 2 m\u0259nas\u0131 var: Eremeev D.E.-nin etimologiyas\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 — «\u0130ran \u0259razisind\u0259n g\u0259lmi\u015f \u0259cn\u0259bi» v\u0259 bu etimologiyaya g\u00f6r\u0259 — «b\u00f6y\u00fck xalq, tayfalar\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck birliyi», lakin formala\u015fma \u00fcsulu — bunlar tamamil\u0259 f\u0259rqli s\u00f6zl\u0259rdir. \u00c7ox g\u00fcman ki, «tat» «\u0259cn\u0259bi» s\u00f6z\u00fc «b\u00f6y\u00fck insanlar» s\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259n \u00e7ox sonra yaran\u0131b v\u0259 ilk s\u00f6z \u0259slind\u0259 iki s\u00f6zd\u0259n ibar\u0259t bir ifad\u0259 idi: t\u0259l\u0259ff\u00fczd\u0259 ayd\u0131n \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 ayr\u0131lan tat (yad) + er (\u015f\u0259xs). \u201cTat\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 \u201ca\u00e7\u0131q bir \u201ca\u201d saiti var, \u201cer\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 is\u0259 qapal\u0131 sait. \u0130kinci m\u0259na da\u015f\u0131yan \u201ctatar\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc \u00e7ox q\u0259dim bir formasiyad\u0131r ki, burada m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilmi\u015f \u201ctar\u201d v\u0259 \u201cta\u201d t\u0259rifind\u0259ki iki eyni geni\u015f \u201ca\u201d foneml\u0259ri say\u0259sind\u0259 bu iki s\u00f6z \u00fczvi \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 birl\u0259\u015f\u0259r\u0259k birl\u0259\u015f\u0259r\u0259k \u201ca\u201d foneminin birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259sin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olmu\u015fdur, bir s\u00f6z kimi q\u0259bul edilib v\u0259 birlikd\u0259 t\u0259l\u0259ff\u00fcz olunurdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


O ki qald\u0131 Mahmut Ka\u015f\u011farinin \u00f6z l\u00fc\u011f\u0259tind\u0259 \u201ctatar\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u015fqa, daha q\u0259dim m\u0259nas\u0131n\u0131, y\u0259ni \u201cb\u00f6y\u00fck adamlar\u201d m\u0259nas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259m\u0259sin\u0259 g\u0259linc\u0259, bu, yaln\u0131z onu g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, bu s\u00f6z\u00fcn ikinci q\u0259dim m\u0259nas\u0131 m\u0259lum oldu\u011funa g\u00f6r\u0259 v\u0259 ya m\u0259lum olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 l\u00fc\u011f\u0259t\u0259 daxil etm\u0259yib.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\u018fd\u0259biyyat:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n


1. \u0422\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b. \u041c., \u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430, 2001.
2. \u0422\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c \u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u0432 3-\u0445 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0445. \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044c, 1981.
3. \u0425\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0410. \u0425. \u041a\u0442\u043e \u043c\u044b \u2013 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u044b \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b? \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044c, 1992.
4. \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0438 \u0410\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043b \u0421. \u0422\u044e\u0440\u043a\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e, \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044c, 2002.
5. \u0420\u0430\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0412. \u0412. \u041e\u043f\u044b\u0442 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044f \u0442\u044e\u0440\u043a\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0439. \u0421-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433, 1905, \u0442. 3, \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 1-\u044f.
6. \u0422\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c \u0441\u0443\u0437\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0435. \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d, 1969.
(\u0414\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c \u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430, \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044c,1969)
7. \u0424\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u041c. \u0420. \u042d\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c \u0447\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0448\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u0432 2-\u0445 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0445, \u0427\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0440\u044b, 1996.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


P.S. 5-ci \u0259srd\u0259 Monqolustan\u0131n \u015fimal-\u015f\u0259rqind\u0259 v\u0259 Man\u00e7uriyada, daha \u00e7ox «Tata» kimi tan\u0131nan d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fk\u0259n tayfan\u0131n Tatar d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin «Alt\u0131n Urta» (Q\u0131z\u0131l Orta), daha snralar Q\u0131z\u0131l Orda deyil\u0259n tayfaya m\u0259xsus d\u00f6vl\u0259t m\u0259\u015fhurla\u015fd\u0131. Bu tayfaya m\u0259nsub olanlar is\u0259 tatanlar, tatarlar, tartarlar adlan\u0131rd\u0131. \u201cTata\u201d Orta Asiyan\u0131n b\u0259zi xalqlar\u0131n\u0131n q\u0259dim dill\u0259rind\u0259 \u201ckaman\u0131n ipini \u00e7\u0259km\u0259k\u201d dem\u0259kdir. D\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259r, tacirl\u0259r, s\u0259yyahlar, salnam\u0259\u00e7il\u0259r, s\u0259yyar musiqi\u00e7il\u0259r, \u015fairl\u0259r v\u0259 s\u0259n\u0259t\u00e7il\u0259r o zamanlar Avrasiya xalqlar\u0131n\u0131n dill\u0259rind\u0259 v\u0259 \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131nda k\u00f6k salm\u0131\u015f tatar etnoniminin yay\u0131lmas\u0131na \u00f6z t\u00f6hf\u0259l\u0259rini vermi\u015fl\u0259r. Tatarlar haqq\u0131nda \u0259n q\u0259dim yaz\u0131l\u0131 qeyd VIII \u0259srd\u0259 \u0130kinci T\u00fcrk Xaqanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 — T\u00fcrkl\u0259r d\u00f6vl\u0259ti d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 yarad\u0131lm\u0131\u015f m\u0259\u015fhur s\u0259rk\u0259rd\u0259 K\u00fcl-teginin abid\u0259sind\u0259ki kitab\u0259d\u0259 rast g\u0259linir. Yaz\u0131da \u201cOtuz-tatarlar\u201d v\u0259 \u201cTokuz-tatarlar\u201d tayfa birlikl\u0259rinin ad\u0131 \u00e7\u0259kilir. X-XII \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 tatarlar etnonimi \u00c7ind\u0259, \u015eimali v\u0259 Orta Asiyada geni\u015f istifad\u0259 olunurdu. Asiya d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259 tatarlar\u0131n d\u00f6vl\u0259t quruculu\u011funa verdiyi t\u00f6hf\u0259 \u00e7ox m\u00fch\u00fcm hesab olunur. XI \u0259srin alimi Mahmud Ka\u015f\u011fari \u00f6z yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda \u015eimali \u00c7ind\u0259n \u015e\u0259rqi T\u00fcrk\u00fcstana q\u0259d\u0259r olan m\u0259kan\u0131 \u201cTatar \u00e7\u00f6l\u00fc\u201d adland\u0131r\u0131r. XIII \u0259srd\u0259 R\u0259\u015fid \u0259d-Din alt\u0131 tatar d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin ad\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0259kir. Daha sonra XIII \u0259srd\u0259 Batu tatar d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rini z\u0259bt ed\u0259r\u0259k b\u00fct\u00fcn tatarlar\u0131 bir d\u00f6vl\u0259td\u0259, Q\u0131z\u0131l Ordada v\u0259 bir s\u0131ra Tatar xanl\u0131qlar\u0131nda birl\u0259\u015fdirdi. Q\u0259dim yunanlar aras\u0131nda «Tartarus» s\u00f6z\u00fc \u015fimalda yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n u\u00e7urum, c\u0259h\u0259nn\u0259m, soyuq v\u0259 qaranl\u0131q s\u0259lt\u0259n\u0259ti m\u0259nas\u0131n\u0131 verirdi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

13-c\u00fc \u0259srd\u0259 Batu ordusunun \u015f\u0259rqd\u0259n i\u015f\u011fal\u0131ndan sonra Yunan m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tin\u0259 b\u0259l\u0259d olan Avropa sakinl\u0259ri hadis\u0259l\u0259ri mifl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259y\u0259, \u201ctatarlardan\u201d ibar\u0259t Batunun ordusunu b\u00fct\u00f6vl\u00fckd\u0259 xalq\u0131n t\u0259rkibind\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xan xalq kimi q\u0259bul etm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Sonra Avropa xalqlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda tatarlar xristian Avropan\u0131n h\u00fcdudlar\u0131ndan k\u0259narda \u015f\u0259rqd\u0259 ya\u015fayan b\u00fct\u00fcn xalqlar\u0131n ad\u0131na \u00e7evrildi. Orta \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 Avropan\u0131n x\u0259rit\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 T\u0259rt\u0259riya (Tartariya) d\u0259rhal Moskoviya s\u0259rh\u0259dind\u0259n ba\u015flayan b\u00fct\u00fcn \u201ctatarlar\u0131n \u0259razisi\u201d adlan\u0131rd\u0131. Orta \u0259sr yaz\u0131l\u0131 m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 avropal\u0131lar, ruslar, farslar Q\u0131z\u0131l Ordan\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn sakinl\u0259rini bel\u0259 adland\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131lar. Q\u0131z\u0131l Ordan\u0131n d\u00f6vl\u0259t dili tatar dili idi. Q\u0131z\u0131l Ordan\u0131n m\u0259rk\u0259zi \u0259razil\u0259ri h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 tatarlar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tatar \u0259razil\u0259ridir. \u0130ndiki tatar xalq\u0131 Q\u0131z\u0131l Ordan\u0131n \u0259sas \u0259halisinin bilavasit\u0259 t\u00f6r\u0259m\u0259l\u0259ridir. XVIII \u0259sr\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r avropal\u0131 tarix\u00e7il\u0259r tatarlar\u0131 Volqadan \u00c7in\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015f\u0259rq xalqlar\u0131 adland\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131lar: \u201cTatariya, Asiyan\u0131n \u015fimal hiss\u0259sind\u0259, \u015fimalda v\u0259 q\u0259rbd\u0259 Sibirl\u0259 h\u0259ms\u0259rh\u0259d olan, B\u00f6y\u00fck Tatariya adlanan n\u0259h\u0259ng \u00f6lk\u0259 say\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Moskva v\u0259 Sibirin c\u0259nubunda ya\u015fayan tatarlar H\u0259\u015ft\u0259rxan, \u00c7erkass\u0131 v\u0259 Da\u011f\u0131stan, X\u0259z\u0259r d\u0259nizinin \u015fimal-q\u0259rbind\u0259 ya\u015fayanlar Kalm\u0131k tatarlar\u0131 adlan\u0131r v\u0259 Sibir il\u0259 X\u0259z\u0259r d\u0259nizi aras\u0131ndak\u0131 \u0259razil\u0259ri tuturlar. Hindistan\u0131n \u015fimal\u0131nda ya\u015fayan \u00f6zb\u0259k tatarlar\u0131 v\u0259 monqollar, n\u0259hay\u0259t, \u00c7inin \u015fimal-q\u0259rbind\u0259 ya\u015fayan tibetlil\u0259r. (Encyclopedia Britannica, 3-c\u00fc cild, Edinburq, 1771, s\u0259h. 887).<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Saxalin adas\u0131n\u0131 materikd\u0259n ay\u0131ran Tatar bo\u011faz\u0131 ona g\u00f6r\u0259 bel\u0259 adlan\u0131r ki, onun sahill\u0259rind\u0259 tatarlar da ya\u015fay\u0131rd\u0131lar. XVIII \u0259srd\u0259 bo\u011faza ad vermi\u015f Laperuzun tatar hesab etdiyi kimi oroxlar v\u0259 udeql\u0259r ya\u015fay\u0131rd\u0131. 16-c\u0131 \u0259srd\u0259 Moskva krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 Q\u0131z\u0131l Orda \u0259razisind\u0259 geni\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131 v\u0259 18-ci \u0259srin sonunda tatarlar\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn \u0259sas ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f yerl\u0259ri Rusiya imperiyas\u0131na daxil oldu. Moskvada, sonra Rusiya imperiyas\u0131nda iyirminci \u0259sr\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r b\u00fct\u00fcn t\u00fcrkdilli xalqlar da tatar adlan\u0131rd\u0131. 19-cu \u0259srin sonu — 20-ci \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259n etnoloqlar hesab edirdil\u0259r ki, tatar etnonimi t\u00fcrk-farsca \u201ctat\u201d \u2013 da\u011f, qayal\u0131q v\u0259 \u201car\u201d \u2013 \u015f\u0259xs, ki\u015fi, sakin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

XVIII \u0259sr\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r avropal\u0131 tarix\u00e7il\u0259r Volqadan \u00c7in\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015f\u0259rq xalqlar\u0131n\u0131 tatar adland\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131lar: \u201cTatariya, Asiyan\u0131n \u015fimal hiss\u0259sind\u0259, \u015fimalda v\u0259 q\u0259rbd\u0259 Sibirl\u0259 h\u0259ms\u0259rh\u0259d olan, B\u00f6y\u00fck Tatariya adlanan n\u0259h\u0259ng \u00f6lk\u0259. Moskva v\u0259 Sibirin c\u0259nubunda ya\u015fayan tatarlar H\u0259\u015ft\u0259rxan, \u00c7erkass\u0131 v\u0259 Da\u011f\u0131stan, X\u0259z\u0259r d\u0259nizinin \u015fimal-q\u0259rbind\u0259 ya\u015fayanlar Kalm\u0131k tatarlar\u0131 adlan\u0131r v\u0259 Sibir il\u0259 X\u0259z\u0259r d\u0259nizi aras\u0131ndak\u0131 \u0259razil\u0259ri tuturlar. Persiyan\u0131n v\u0259 Hindistan\u0131n \u015fimal\u0131nda ya\u015fayanlar \u00f6zb\u0259k tatarlar\u0131 v\u0259 monqollar, n\u0259hay\u0259t, \u00c7inin \u015fimal-q\u0259rbind\u0259 ya\u015fayan tibetlil\u0259r adlan\u0131rd\u0131. (Encyclopedia Britannica, 3-c\u00fc cild, Edinburq, 1771, s\u0259h. 887).<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Daha \u0259trafl\u0131 Tatarlar.info sayt\u0131nda<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u201cTatar\u201d etnonimin\u0259 ilk d\u0259f\u0259 \u201cotuz tatar\u201d (otuz tatar) ifad\u0259sind\u0259 rast g\u0259linir. K\u00fcl-Teginin m\u0259zar da\u015f\u0131ndak\u0131 kitab\u0259d\u0259 tatarlar\u0131n t\u00fcrkl\u0259rin xaqan\u0131 Bum\u0131n Xaqana tabe olduqlar\u0131ndan b\u0259hs ed\u0259n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":70581,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-70576","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tarix"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70576","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=70576"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70576\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":70593,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70576\/revisions\/70593"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/70581"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=70576"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=70576"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=70576"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}