{"id":73048,"date":"2022-06-12T04:06:07","date_gmt":"2022-06-12T00:06:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=73048"},"modified":"2022-06-12T04:06:11","modified_gmt":"2022-06-12T00:06:11","slug":"urmiya-%c9%99sl-az%c9%99rbaycan-toponimidir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=73048","title":{"rendered":"URM\u0130YA \u018fSL AZ\u018fRBAYCAN TOPON\u0130M\u0130D\u0130R"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n q\u0259dim \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259n biri d\u0259 Urmiyad\u0131r. Urmiya \u0130ran \u0130slam Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n Q\u0259rbi Az\u0259rbaycan ostan\u0131n\u0131n inzibati m\u0259rk\u0259zidir. Urmiya g\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u0259n 18 kilometr q\u0259rbd\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n bu \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259 800.000-\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r adam ya\u015fay\u0131r. Urmiya sakinl\u0259rinin 90%-i az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131, 10%-i is\u0259 k\u00fcrd, fars v\u0259 aysordur. \u015e\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259 I v\u0259 V \u0259srl\u0259r\u0259 aid xristian m\u0259b\u0259dl\u0259ri m\u00f6vcuddur.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir f\u0259rziyy\u0259y\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n, Urmiya ad\u0131 guya Hindistan\u0131n benqali dilind\u0259ki \u201curmi\u201d (dal\u011fa, \u015f\u0259r) v\u0259 ya \u201curmya\u201d (dal\u011fal\u0131) s\u00f6z\u00fcd\u00fcr. Dig\u0259r ehtimala g\u00f6r\u0259, Urmiya toponimi q\u0259dim Assuriya dilind\u0259 guya \u201csu \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri\u201d m\u0259nas\u0131n\u0131 verirmi\u015f. Bu, onunla \u0259sasland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ki, Mesopotamiya (\u015eumer) \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rinin adlar\u0131nda \u201cur\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc olmu\u015f, assuriyal\u0131lar is\u0259 suya \u201cmia\u201d demi\u015fl\u0259r. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, \u015fumer dilind\u0259ki \u201cur\u201d v\u0259 Assuriya dilind\u0259ki \u201cmia\u201d s\u00f6zl\u0259rinin kombinasiyas\u0131ndan Urmiya toponimi ortaya \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r (!?). Daha bir \u0259sass\u0131z fikir d\u0259 ir\u0259li s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr ki, guya bu toponim Urartu \u00f6lk\u0259sinin ad\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259lidir. H\u0259m\u00e7inin iddia edilir ki, Urmiya \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri \u015e\u0259rqi Roma imperiyas\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259rin\u0259 yax\u0131n oldu\u011fu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn onun ad\u0131 guya urum v\u0259 ya Rum (Roma) s\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259n t\u00f6r\u0259mi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ha\u015fiy\u0259.<\/strong> Maraql\u0131d\u0131r ki, Finlandiyada da Urmia adl\u0131 k\u0259nd vard\u0131r. Estoniyada bir q\u0259s\u0259b\u0259, Nepalda bir \u015f\u0259h\u0259r, Hindistan\u0131n Jharkhand \u015ftat\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0259nd Urmi, bir k\u0259nd is\u0259 Urmu ad\u0131n\u0131 da\u015f\u0131y\u0131r. Rusiya Federasiyas\u0131n\u0131n Xabarovsk diyar\u0131nda bir ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259si v\u0259 onun yax\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan axan iri (458 kilometr uzunlu\u011funda) \u00e7ay da Urmi adlan\u0131r. 1933\u20131963-c\u00fc ill\u0259rd\u0259 bu \u0259razid\u0259 Kur\u2013Urmi even-nanay milli rayonu m\u00f6vcud olmu\u015fdur. \u201cUrmi\u201d toponimi even dilind\u0259 \u201ck\u00f6hn\u0259 yuva\u201d (k\u00f6hn\u0259 yurd) anlam\u0131n\u0131 ifad\u0259 edir. Onu da qeyd ed\u0259k ki, even (mancur) dili t\u00fcrk, mo\u011fol, Koreya v\u0259 yapon dill\u0259ri il\u0259 birlikd\u0259 Altay dil ail\u0259sin\u0259 daxildir.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Urmiya bar\u0259d\u0259 s\u00f6hb\u0259timizi burada saxlay\u0131b oxucunun diqq\u0259tini Az\u0259rbaycandan minl\u0259rl\u0259 kilometr uzaqlarda yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n M\u0259rk\u0259zi Asiya \u00e7\u00f6ll\u0259rin\u0259 y\u00f6n\u0259ld\u0259k… Bel\u0259likl\u0259, e.\u0259. I minillikd\u0259 indiki Uy\u011furustan torpaqlar\u0131nda \u00e7inlil\u0259rin yueci, yunanlar\u0131n is\u0259 asii v\u0259 ya aseni adland\u0131rd\u0131qlar\u0131 q\u00fcdr\u0259tli bir xalq ya\u015fay\u0131rd\u0131. M\u00fcasirl\u0259ri onlar\u0131 ucaboylu, a\u011fd\u0259rili, k\u00fcr\u0259n sa\u00e7l\u0131 adamlar kimi t\u0259svir edirdil\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eram\u0131z\u0131n I \u0259srind\u0259 yuecil\u0259rin bir hiss\u0259si q\u0259rb\u0259 do\u011fru miqrasiyaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Onlar Orta Asiya, \u018ffqan\u0131stan, Pakistan v\u0259 \u015eimali Hindistan\u0131 istila edib, 105-ci ild\u0259n 250-ci il\u0259d\u0259k m\u00f6vcud olmu\u015f n\u0259h\u0259ng Ku\u015fan imperiyas\u0131n\u0131 qurdular. Tarix\u00e7il\u0259r ku\u015fan xalq\u0131n\u0131 yuecil\u0259rin bir q\u0259bil\u0259si hesab edirl\u0259r. Fikrimizc\u0259 is\u0259, yueci etnoniminin \u00f6z\u00fc ku\u015fan etnoniminin \u00c7in dilind\u0259 t\u0259hrif olunmu\u015f formas\u0131d\u0131r. Lakin bu bar\u0259d\u0259 bir q\u0259d\u0259r sonra… H\u0259l\u0259lik is\u0259 tarixi t\u0259sad\u00fcfl\u0259r bar\u0259d\u0259 dan\u0131\u015faq…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Birinci t\u0259sad\u00fcf.<\/strong> Eram\u0131z\u0131n III \u0259srind\u0259 yuecil\u0259rin bir hiss\u0259si Amud\u0259rya \u00e7ay\u0131n\u0131n sahill\u0259ri boyunca yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n torpaqlara k\u00f6\u00e7d\u00fc. Onlar burada toxar ad\u0131 il\u0259 m\u0259\u015fhurla\u015fd\u0131lar. IX \u0259srd\u0259 toxarlar q\u0259fild\u0259n yoxa \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131lar. Bundan t\u0259xmin\u0259n iki \u0259sr sonra \u2013 1074-c\u00fc ild\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck t\u00fcrk alimi Mahmud Ka\u015f\u011fari (1028\u20131126) yaz\u0131rd\u0131 ki, Orta Asiyan\u0131n \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck o\u011fuz tayfalar\u0131ndan birinin ad\u0131 t\u00fcger v\u0259 ya d\u00f6gerdir. Maraql\u0131d\u0131r ki, dig\u0259r o\u011fuz q\u0259bil\u0259l\u0259ri kimi, t\u00fcgerl\u0259r d\u0259 m\u0259hz toxarlar\u0131n vaxtil\u0259 ya\u015fad\u0131qlar\u0131 \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 \u2013 Amud\u0259rya \u00e7ay\u0131n\u0131n sahill\u0259ri boyunca m\u0259skunla\u015fm\u0131\u015fd\u0131lar. Toxar v\u0259 t\u00fcger tayfalar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n zaman fasil\u0259sil\u0259 eyni b\u00f6lg\u0259d\u0259 ya\u015famalar\u0131, onlar\u0131n etnoniml\u0259rinin bir-birin\u0259 b\u0259nz\u0259m\u0259si sad\u0259c\u0259 t\u0259sad\u00fcfl\u0259rin n\u0259tic\u0259si ola bil\u0259rmi?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ha\u015fiy\u0259.<\/strong> T\u00fcgerl\u0259r XI \u0259srd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycana v\u0259 Anadoluya k\u00f6\u00e7\u0259r\u0259k g\u00fccl\u00fc Artuqlular d\u00f6vl\u0259tini (1098\u20131232) qurdular. Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n T\u0259rt\u0259r v\u0259 \u015e\u0259mkir rayonlar\u0131nda D\u00fcy\u0259rli adl\u0131 iki k\u0259nd vard\u0131r. Hesab edilir ki, D\u00fcy\u0259rli toponiminin m\u0259n\u015f\u0259yi m\u0259hz O\u011fuz elinin d\u00f6ger tayfas\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130kinci t\u0259sad\u00fcf.<\/strong> Sahill\u0259ri boyunca vaxtil\u0259 toxarlar\u0131n, sonra is\u0259 o\u011fuzlar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131qlar\u0131 Amud\u0259rya  \u00e7ay\u0131 haqq\u0131nda q\u0259dim yunan salnam\u0259\u00e7il\u0259rinin ilk m\u0259lumatlar\u0131 e.\u0259. IV \u0259sr\u0259 aiddir. Onlar yaz\u0131rd\u0131lar ki, Orta Asiyan\u0131n yerli \u0259halisi bu n\u0259h\u0259ng \u00e7ay\u0131 Oxus adland\u0131r\u0131r. Maraql\u0131d\u0131r ki, Mahmud Ka\u015f\u011farinin m\u0259lumat\u0131na \u0259sas\u0259n, t\u00fcrkl\u0259r \u0259n az\u0131 XI \u0259srd\u0259 iri \u00e7aylara \u00f6g\u00fcz deyirdil\u0259r. Orta \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 Xar\u0259zmd\u0259 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f m\u00fc\u0259llifl\u0259r is\u0259 Amud\u0259rya \u00e7ay\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131 Okuz kimi qeyd etmi\u015fl\u0259r. G\u00f6r\u0259s\u0259n, Oxus\u2013\u00d6\u011f\u00fcz\u2013Okus\u2013O\u011fuz s\u00f6zl\u0259rinin s\u0259sl\u0259nm\u0259sind\u0259ki b\u0259nz\u0259rlik t\u0259sad\u00fcfidir, yoxsa bu ox\u015farl\u0131\u011f\u0131n d\u0259rin tarixi k\u00f6kl\u0259ri vard\u0131r?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc t\u0259sad\u00fcf.<\/strong> Toxar etnoniminin ayd\u0131n v\u0259 d\u0259qiq m\u0259nas\u0131 bilinmir. Bir m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259ni d\u0259 qeyd ed\u0259k ki, m\u00fcasir \u00e7uva\u015f v\u0259 q\u0259dim bulqar dill\u0259rind\u0259 9 (doqquz) r\u0259q\u0259min\u0259 \u201ctaxxar\u201d (toxxor) deyilir. \u018ffqan\u0131stan\u0131n vilay\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n birinin ad\u0131 Taxard\u0131r. Q\u0259dim toxarlar\u0131n v\u0259t\u0259nind\u0259 ya\u015fayan uy\u011fur xalq\u0131n\u0131n \u0259cdadlar\u0131 haqq\u0131nda ilk m\u0259lumatlar e.\u0259. III \u0259sr\u0259 aiddir. Eram\u0131z\u0131n III \u0259srind\u0259 \u00e7inlil\u0259r uy\u011furlar\u0131 qao\u00e7e v\u0259 ya qaoju adland\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131lar. Bu xalq\u0131n ad\u0131 teqreqi, \u00e7ile, tele, toles, tole\u015f v\u0259 ya teles formas\u0131nda da qeyd olunmu\u015fdur. VII \u0259srd\u0259n etibar\u0259n uy\u011furlar doqquz o\u011fuz ad\u0131 il\u0259 tan\u0131nd\u0131lar. Bir-birin\u0259 guya he\u00e7 bir aidiyy\u0259ti olmayan toxxor (doqquz o\u011fuz) v\u0259 toxar etnoniml\u0259ri aras\u0131nda ox\u015farl\u0131q t\u0259sad\u00fcfidirmi? Davam ed\u0259k…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc t\u0259sad\u00fcf.<\/strong> Qeyd etdik ki, yueci v\u0259 toxar, \u0259slind\u0259, eyni xalq\u0131n ayr\u0131-ayr\u0131 adlar\u0131d\u0131r. Toxar etnonimi q\u0259dim bulqar dilind\u0259ki toxxor (doqquz) s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 b\u0259nz\u0259yir. Toxarlar\u0131n \u0259ski yurd yerl\u0259rind\u0259 ya\u015fayan doqquz o\u011fuzlar VI \u0259srd\u0259 T\u00fcrk xaqanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 qurmu\u015fdular. T\u00fcrkl\u0259rin xaqan s\u00fclal\u0259sin\u0259 \u00e7inlil\u0259r A\u015fina deyirdil\u0259r. Maraql\u0131d\u0131r ki, q\u0259dim yunanlar da toxarlar\u0131 aseni adland\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131lar. Bunu daha bir t\u0259sad\u00fcf hesab ed\u0259 bil\u0259rikmi?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qeyd. <\/strong>Sovet t\u00fcrkoloqu Lev Qumilyov iddia edirdi ki, A\u015fina ad\u0131 guya \u00c7in dilind\u0259ki \u201ca\u201d prefiksi (\u00f6n \u015f\u0259kil\u00e7isi) il\u0259 mo\u011fol dilind\u0259ki \u201c\u015fono\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn kombinasiyas\u0131ndan \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259lmi\u015fdir. H\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259n d\u0259 maraql\u0131d\u0131r: VI \u0259srd\u0259 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f t\u00fcrk xaqanlar\u0131 \u00f6zl\u0259rin\u0259 soyad d\u00fcz\u0259ltm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn niy\u0259 bel\u0259 bir q\u0259rib\u0259 yola \u0259l atmal\u0131yd\u0131lar?<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1630\u20131755-ci ill\u0259r\u0259d\u0259k q\u0259dim ku\u015fanlar\u0131n (yuecil\u0259rin\u2013toxarlar\u0131n) ana v\u0259t\u0259nind\u0259 orta \u0259sr m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rinin xo\u015fud adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 xalq ya\u015fam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Xo\u015fudlar\u0131n bir hiss\u0259si 1630-cu ild\u0259 indiki \u00c7inin Kuknor (G\u00f6ynohur) m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259sin\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7m\u00fc\u015f, yerd\u0259 qalanlar\u0131n\u0131 is\u0259 1755-ci ild\u0259 \u00e7inlil\u0259r v\u0259 mancurlar q\u0259tliam etmi\u015fdil\u0259r. Kuknorda ya\u015fayan m\u00fcasir xo\u015fudlar mo\u011fol dilinin oyrat l\u0259hc\u0259sind\u0259 dan\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar. Ehtimala g\u00f6r\u0259, xo\u015fud etnonimi mo\u011fol dilind\u0259 \u201cxo\u015fun\u201d (qo\u015fun),  \u201ctiy\u0259\u201d, \u201c\u00f6n d\u0259st\u0259\u201d kimi m\u0259nalar\u0131 ifad\u0259 edir.  Guya xo\u015fud ad\u0131n\u0131 bu xalqa \u00c7ingiz xan vermi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Amma m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 buras\u0131ndad\u0131r ki, xo\u015fud etnonimi, \u0259slind\u0259, h\u0259m q\u0259dim t\u00fcrk, h\u0259m d\u0259 m\u00fcasir mo\u011fol dill\u0259rind\u0259ki iki s\u00f6zd\u0259n ibar\u0259tdir: \u201cko\u015f\u201d\u2013\u201cxo\u015f\u201d (k\u00f6k s\u00f6z) v\u0259 \u201cuz\u201d\u2013\u201cut\u201d (c\u0259m \u015f\u0259kil\u00e7isi). Yeri g\u0259lmi\u015fk\u0259n, ku\u015fan etnoniminin \u201can\u201d hiss\u0259si d\u0259, b\u00f6y\u00fck ehtimalla, \u0130ran dill\u0259rind\u0259ki \u201can\u201d c\u0259m \u015f\u0259kil\u00e7isidir. Qeyd etdikl\u0259rimizd\u0259 diqq\u0259ti c\u0259lb ed\u0259n bir ne\u00e7\u0259 c\u0259h\u0259t vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n