{"id":75384,"date":"2022-07-07T03:46:02","date_gmt":"2022-07-06T23:46:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=75384"},"modified":"2022-07-07T22:37:21","modified_gmt":"2022-07-07T18:37:21","slug":"eski-rus-kokenenide-turk-izleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=75384","title":{"rendered":"Eski Rus k\u00f6keninde T\u00fcrk izleri"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

XVII T\u00dcRK TAR\u0130H\u0130 KONQRES\u0130. 15-17 eylul.2014\/ANKARA. II.C\u0130LT \u2013 I KLSLM ORTA AS\u0130YA VE KAFKAS\u0130YA TAR\u0130H\u0130. T\u00dcRK TAR\u0130H KURUMU. ANKARA.2018.<\/strong> s.33-54<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n


Do\u00e7.Dr. Alakbar Alakbarov<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n


1768-1774 ve 1787-1791 y\u0131llarda Osmanl\u0131-Rus sava\u015flar\u0131 sonucunda Rusiya 1780-1783- c\u00fc y\u0131llarda Kr\u0131m hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 zabt etmekle Kara denizin Kuzeyini taml\u0131kla kendi imparatorlu\u011funa kat\u0131r. Bu olay ve arkas\u0131nca Do\u011fu teorisinin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 orada ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrklerin gelecek tarihini olumsuz olarak etkiledi. Daha sonra farkl\u0131 ideoloji mazeratlarla T\u00fcrkler bu b\u00f6lgelere Hunlarla beraber gelme gibi g\u00f6sterildi ve onlar\u0131n \u015fanl\u0131 tarihi diger halklar\u0131n ad\u0131na yaz\u0131ld\u0131. XVIII y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonundan 1944 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar binlerle Kr\u0131m T\u00fcrkleri ya Hiristyanla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131larak, ya da mahv edilerek kendi dede-baba yurtlar\u0131ndan T\u00fcrkiye v\u0259 Orta Asiyaya kovuldular. 1954 y\u0131l\u0131nda Pereyaslav Radas\u0131n\u0131n 300 y\u0131ll\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile Kr\u0131m Ukraynaya verilir v\u0259 nihayet 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda Rusiya Kr\u0131ma askeri birliklerini y\u00fcr\u00fctmekle yeniden olay\u0131n ortaya at\u0131lmas\u0131na sebep oldu. Tabii ki, her iki devletin bu topraklara iddialar\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n


T\u00fcrk k\u00f6kenli tayfalar\u0131n farkl\u0131 isimler alt\u0131nda ta eskiden Kara denizin Kuzeyinde ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131na ra\u011fmen arkeoloji kaz\u0131nt\u0131lar ispatl\u0131yor ki, X y\u00fczl\u0131ldan once bu topraklarda Slav arkeoloji buluntular\u0131 kayd edilmemi\u015fdir 1. XI-XII yuz\u0131llarda Do\u011fu Kr\u0131mda k\u0131sa zamanl\u0131 Tmutarakan prensliyinin mevcud olmas\u0131 hi\u00e7 de bu topraklar\u0131n eskiden Slavlara aid olmas\u0131na delalet etmez. Kaynaklarda ise \u201cAnt\u201d ve \u201cVened\u201d gibi bulunan tayfalar\u0131n Slav ismi ile takdim edilmesi de k\u00f6t\u00fc niyyetlidir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc slavdilli kaynaklarda bu isimlerle tayyfalar kayd edilmeyib. Bu da bellidir ki, Tmutarakan kalesi IX yuz\u0131lda Hazarlar terefinden in\u015fa edilmi\u015fdir.
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\u00d6rneyin sorunu do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde \u00e7\u00f6ze bilmek i\u00e7in Rusya ve Ukrayna devletlerinin selefi olan Kiyev Rus devletinin tarihinin incelemesinde kesinkikle durmal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Tarihi geleneklere g\u00f6re IX yuz\u0131lda Dnepr nehri havzas\u0131nda daha sonra Kiyev Rus devleti gibi tan\u0131nan bir siyasi qurum yaranm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bu sorumun incelemesi ta XVIII y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonralar\u0131ndan ba\u015flan\u0131yor. Ne yaz\u0131q ki, sorum bug\u00fcn de kendi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc tapmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131! \u015eimdi de o zaman meydana gelen norman ve antinorman teorilerinin tarafl\u0131lar\u0131 aras\u0131nda tart\u0131\u015fmalar durmak bilmiyor. Normanistl\u0259rin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne g\u00f6re Dnepr nehri havzas\u0131na \u201cRus\u201d ismini ve devlet\u00e7ilik geneleklerini \u0130skandinaviyadan gelen Normanlar getirmi\u015fdiler. \u015eimdi bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler Rusiya tarih ilminde \u00f6nde gelen yere sahibdir. Ama bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri kabul etmeyen antinorman\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funluqu \u201cRus\u201d isminin Slavlara aid oldu\u011funu iddia ediyor. B\u00f6yle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler ise Sovyet bilim adam\u0131 aras\u0131nda hakim idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f \u041a\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0438 \u041b. 1978. \u0441. 195-197; <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0422\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441 \u0414.\u041b. \u0422\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u044b \u041a\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0430 \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0440\u043e\u0441- \/\/ \u0432 \u0441\u0431.\u0410\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044c\u0435 . \u0421\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0425. \u0421\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a. 1973. \u0441. 229-239
\u0418\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0430\u043d \u041e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0433\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432. Getika. \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0440\u0435\u0434. \u0415.\u0427.\u0421\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0436\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439. \u041c. 1960. \u0441. 90; <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u041f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u041a\u0435\u0441\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0412\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430 \u0441 \u0433\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440.\u0421.\u041f. \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0430. \u041c. 1950. \u0441. 297; \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u043f\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u043f\u0435\u0440 \u0422\u044e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0410\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0430. \u0411\u0430\u043a\u0443. 2011. \u0441.164
\u0422\u043c\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043d\u044f\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e. https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/<\/em>

\u00d6zellikle vur\u011fulanmal\u0131d\u0131r ki, ister Normanlar, isterse de Slavlar aras\u0131nda \u201cr~s\u201d k\u00f6k \u00fcns\u00fczleri kayd olunmuyor. N\u0259 yaz\u0131q ki, normanistler bu pozisyonu ilerlemekle 911 y\u0131lda Fransada Sena nehri a\u011fz\u0131na bas\u0131n eden Normanlar\u0131n \u201cNormandiya\u201d d\u00fckal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131n\u0131, Sicilya ve G\u00fcney \u0130taliyda hakimlik kuran Normanlar\u0131 arap yazarlar\u0131 \u201cel-Mecus el-Urmaniye\u201d ihmal etmiyorlar.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n


Ger\u00e7ekte, normanistlerin istinad ettikleri Bremenli Adam 839 y\u0131lda Konstantinopolisdan \u0130nhilheyme gelen, reislerini «Ka\u011fan» v\u0259 kendilerini «Rus» gibi g\u00f6steren «\u0130sve\u00e7»lilerden anlatarak, bizi ilgilendiren iki \u00f6nemli ger\u00e7e\u011fi ortaya koymaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. \u0130sve\u00e7liler ger\u00e7ek niyetlerperdel\u0259me\u0259k i\u00e7in ba\u015fqa isimle kendilerini sundular; <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Alman yazar\u0131 kabilelerin yerle\u015fmeleri hakk\u0131nda \u015funu yaz\u0131yordu: \u201c\u2026 Guzey k\u0131y\u0131lar \u2026 ve Baltik denizin t\u00fcm adalar\u0131nda birlikte Norman olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan Danlar ve Sveonlar ya\u015fayor. \u2026Oder (nehrinin) di\u011fer taraf\u0131nda Pomeranlar ya\u015fayor, sonra bir tarafdan Prusslar, dig\u0259r tarafdan Bogem, do\u011fudan Russlarla (Ruzzia) s\u0131n\u0131r olan Polyanlar ya\u015fayorlar\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


3. B\u00f6ylece de, 1.Bremenli Adam \u0130sve\u00e7lil\u0259ri norman kabul ediyor,onlar\u0131 Rus saym\u0131yor; 2.O a\u00e7\u0131k yaz\u0131yor ki, (bug\u00fcnki s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma ile) Do\u011fu Avrupa \u201cNormandiya\u201d deyil \u201cRuzzia\u201dd\u0131r. Ama onu da belirtelim ki, \u0130skandinav, daha do\u011frusu Norman tarih\u00e7il\u0259rinin kendi ilkin anavatanlar\u0131 hakda verdikleri haberler normanist ara\u015ft\u0131rma\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6rmek ist\u0259diklerind\u0259n daha dol\u011fundur. Kaynaklardan olan bu haberler ise bir \u00e7ox problemlerin yeniden bax\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 telep ediyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\u00d6rne\u011f\u0131n, XIII y\u00fczy\u0131l yazar\u0131, \u0130skandinavyal\u0131 skald4 Snorri Sturulson \u0130sve\u00e7lilerin \u201cata yurtunu\u201d Don nehrinin do\u011fusunda yerl\u0259\u015fen \u201cAsqard\u201d\u0131 ve \u201cB\u00f6y\u00fck Svetyod\u201du hesab ediyordu. O yaz\u0131rd\u0131 ki, \u0130skandinavyaya yasa v\u0259 y\u00f6neticilik kurallar\u0131n\u0131 Truvadan g\u0259l\u0259n t\u00fcrkl\u0259r getirmi\u015fdiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


5. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Eddada o d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u00fclerini deqiqle\u015fdirer\u0259k yaz\u0131yordu ki, As-t\u00fcrkl\u0259rinin reisi Odin \u201cT\u00fcrk \u00fclkesinden\u201d \u0130skandinavyaya, Siqtuna \u015fehirine gelerek, orada \u201cT\u00fcrkler al\u0131\u015f\u0131k olduklar\u0131\u201d kurallar\u0131 kulland\u0131lar. Burada Snorri ilaveten olaraq yaz\u0131yor ki: \u201cAsyadan g\u0259l\u0259n bu adamlar\u0131n dili t\u00fcn hemin (Avrupa) \u00fclkelerinin dili oldu\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


6. E\u011fer dikkate al\u0131rsak ki, Snorri Sturulson Aslar\u0131n geli\u015fini Truva il\u0259 ba\u011flayordusa, s\u00f6yleye biliyoruz ki, \u0130skandinavlar\u0131n \u201canavatan\u0131\u201d T\u00fcrkl\u0259nd — Kara deniz b\u00f6lgesinde bulunurdu. Ayn\u0131 zamanda \u0130skandinav yazar\u0131n\u0131n bu haberi bir daha Aslar\u0131n T\u00fcrk olmas\u0131n\u0131 tesdiqliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


7. Bu nedenle ad\u0131 ke\u00e7enleri incelemek i\u00e7in biz eski Rus ve Arap kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 dikkate almal\u0131y\u0131k.. \u00d6rne\u011f\u0131n, 944 y\u0131lda Ruslar\u0131n Barda sald\u0131r\u0131ndan konu\u015fan \u0130bn Misqaveyh e\u015fkiyalar\u0131n Skadinav xalqlar\u0131 yerli oznlara \u201cskald\u201d deyirdil\u0259r. K\u00fcr nehrine giri\u015finden yazarken kayd ediyordu ki, Ruslar \u201conlar\u0131n \u00fclkesi ile s\u0131n\u0131r olan denizi ke\u00e7diler!\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0421\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043b\u0443\u0441\u043e\u043d \u0421. \u041a\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0439. \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430., 1995. c. 11.
\u041c\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0448\u0430\u044f \u042d\u0434\u0434\u0430 \/ \u041e\u0442\u0432. \u0440\u0435\u0434. \u041c. \u0418. \u0421\u0442\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043d-\u041a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439. \u041b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434., 1970. \u0441. 11.
\u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u043f\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u043f\u0435\u0440 \u0422\u044e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0410\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0430. \u0411\u0430\u043a\u0443. 2011. \u0441. 290-307<\/em>

8. X y\u00fczy\u0131lda ise Kiyev d\u00f6vletinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n Hazara \u00e7atmas\u0131 hakk\u0131da konu\u015fmak ikna edici deyil. Hatta XIII y\u00fczy\u0131lda Moskva prensliyinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 Hazar denizine ula\u015fa bilmezdi. \u00d6rne\u011fin, XII y\u00fczy\u0131l yazar\u0131 el-Mervazi Darbandden konu\u015farken kayd ediyordu ki, \u201cBab el-Ebvab \/Darband\/ Rusla Serir aras\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131r) ve bu \u015fehir d\u0259niz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda bulunuyor\u201d (!!!-yazar).<\/p>\n\n\n\n


9. Bu anlamda Kiyev Rusunun yazarlar\u0131n\u0131n at\u0131fta bulunan probleme de dikkata lay\u0131kd\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fn, \u201c\u041f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \/Ge\u00e7en Y\u0131llar\u0131n Hikayesi\/ (daha sonra — GYH) Kiyev kronikinin yazar\u0131 Nestor Slav ve Rus halklar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6kenini b\u00f6ylece betimleyor \u00ab\u0410 \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044f\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434 \u0438 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u043a\u044b\u0439 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d, \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u044f\u0433\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u0435\u0434\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0420\u0443\u0441\u044c\u044e \/B\u0259s Slavyan v\u0259 Rus halklar\u0131 birdir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc, Varyaqlardan (Vikinglerden) Rus \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131lar\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10. Ama sonraki haberden bulunan gibi yazar Ruslar\u0131 ne \u0130sve\u00e7lilere, ne de ki, Normanlara aid etmir: \u00ab\u0410\u0444\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e \u0431\u043e \u0438 \u0442\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e : \u0432\u0430\u0440\u044f\u0437\u0438, \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0438, \u0443\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0435, \u0433\u043e\u0442\u0435, \u0440\u0443\u0441\u044c, \u2026 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0438 \/Yaf\u0259s n\u0259sli: Varyaqlar, \u0130sve\u00e7l\u0259r, Urmanlar,Qotlar, Ruslar \u2026 v\u0259 di\u011ferleridir\u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

11. Belli ise budur ki, Nestor burada Norman v\u0259 Varyaqlar\u0131 \/Vikinqlar\u0131\/ Slavlardan da ay\u0131ryor. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Ryurikin o\u011flu Kiyev prensi \u0130qorun 944 y\u0131l Bizansa sald\u0131r\u0131ndan konu\u015farken Nestor kayd ediyor ki, \u00ab\u0418\u0433\u043e\u0440\u044c\u2026\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043b \u0432\u043e\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0445: \u0432\u0430\u0440\u044f\u0433\u043e\u0432, \u0440\u0443\u0441\u044c, \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u043d, \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044f\u043d \u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0439, \u0438 \u0442\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043d\u044f\u043b \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\/\u0130qor \u2026 kendisava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lardan \u00e7oxlar\u0131n\u0131 toplam\u0131\u015fd\u0131: Varyaqlar\u0131, Ruslar\u0131 v\u0259 Polyanlar\u0131 v\u0259 Slavlar\u0131 ve Krivi\u00e7ileri, ve Tiversileri ve Pe\u00e7eneqleri paral\u0131 gibi tutdu\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

12 . B\u00f6ylece de bulundu\u011fu gibi, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fte Nestor Rus ismini Varyaqlarla ili\u015fkili oldu\u011funu kayd etse de, onlar\u0131 Rusdan ay\u0131ryor. Varyaqlar\u0131n \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lmas\u0131 ile olan \u00f6yk\u00fcde de kaynakda baz\u0131 \u00e7eli\u015fkili anlar vard\u0131r. \u00d6nc\u0259 kayd ediyor ki: \u00ab\u0418 \u0438\u0434\u043e\u0448\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u043a \u0432\u0430\u0440\u044f\u0433\u0430\u043c, \u043a \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0438 \/ ve d\u0259nizin di\u011fer taraf\u0131na Varyaqlar\u0131n, Ruslar\u0131n yan\u0131na gittiler\u00bb, ilaveten kayd ederek ki, bu Varyaqlardan Rus toprak\u0131 b\u00f6yl\u0259 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Ama bu \u00f6yk\u00fcde Nestor zaten Varyaqlar\u0131 Ruslardan ay\u0131r\u0131b, kayd ediyok ki, Ruslar di\u011ferleri il\u0259 birlikte Varyaqlara tedavit ettiler.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6nc\u0259 yazar Varyaqlar\u0131 Novqoroda yaban\u00e7\u0131, yan\u0131 yerli olmayan halk gibi g\u00f6steriyor — \u201c\u0438 \u0438\u0434\u043e\u0448\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u043a \u0432\u0430\u0440\u044f\u0433\u0430\u043c \/v\u0259 denizin di\u011fer taraf\u0131na Varyaqlar\u0131n\u2026 yan\u0131na gittil\u0259r\/\u201d. Ancak ard\u0131nca Nestor yaz\u0131yor ki, \u00ab\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0446\u044b \u0436\u0435 \u2013 \u0442\u0435 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044f\u043d\u0435 \/novqorodl\u0131lar bu Varyaq soyundan olan adamlard\u0131r ki, \u00f6nce Slav idiler\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Derhal bundan sonra yazar iki antitezis seslendirir: \u201c\u0412\u0430\u0440\u044f\u0433\u0438 \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u041d\u043e\u0432\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u2013 \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044f\u043d\u0435 \/Varyaqlar bu \u015fehirler de yaban\u00e7\u0131d\u0131rlar, Novqorodun yerli ahalisi ise Slavlard\u0131r\/\u201d G\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fc gibi burada bir mant\u0131kl\u0131 ard\u0131c\u0131ll\u0131k yok.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


GYH-den ayd\u0131n oldu\u011fu gibi bu haberleri yunan kaynaklar\u0131ndan toplayan yazar Rus torpa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n an\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 852 y\u0131lla ba\u011fl\u0131yor. Ama bir kadar sonra yazar Rus isminin do\u011frudan do\u011fruya bu topraklara verilmesini 862 ilde Slavlar\u0131n bir daha Varyaqlara y\u00f6netme olunmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 ile ba\u011fl\u0131yor: \u201c\u0418 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0448\u0430\u0441\u044f 3 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f \u0441 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c\u0438, \u2026 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0448\u0430; \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0439, \u0420\u044e\u0440\u0438\u043a, \u0441\u0435\u0434\u0435 \u0432 \u041d\u043e\u0432\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435, \u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u0421\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0443\u0441, \u043d\u0430 \u0411\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043e\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0435, \u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u0418\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0435, \u0422\u0440\u0443\u0432\u043e\u0440 \/Ryurik, Sineus v\u0259 Truvor bu topraklara geldiler\u2013 Ve \u00fc\u00e7 arkada\u015f soylar\u0131 ile se\u00e7ilerek \u2026 geldil\u0259r; ya\u015fca b\u00fcy\u00fck \u2013 Ryurik Novqorodda oturdu, ba\u015fkas\u0131 Sineus, Beloozerd\u0259, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc ise \u0130zborskda, Truvor \/oturdu\/\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

—————————————————————————————<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u042f\u043a\u0443\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0410.\u042e. \u0418\u0431\u043d \u041c\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0445 \u043e \u043f\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u0411\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0430\u2019\u0430 \u0432 322=943\/4 \u0433. \/\/ \u0412\u0438\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a. 1926. \u0442. XXIV. \u0441. 63-92;
Margoliouth D.S. The Russian seizure in 943 A.D. BSOS. London. 1918. p. 80-95
Minorsky Vladimir Medieval Iranan ditsneighbors.London. 1982. p. 463
\u041f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445\u043b\u0435\u0442. \u041f\u043e\u0434 \u0440\u0435\u0434. \u0412.\u041f.\u0410\u0434\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439-\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0446. \u0418\u0437\u0434. \u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430. \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430-\u041b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434. 1950, \u0447. I, c.21, 23, 218, 219 (daha sonra \u2013\u041f\u0412\u041b) 11\u041f\u0412\u041b.I.c.10, 206, 12\u041f\u0412\u041b.I.c.33, 230<\/em>

13. B\u00f6ylece de, bizi ilgilendiren probleml\u0259rin biri — Ryurikin \u201coturdu\u011fu\u201d Novqorod \u015fehiri il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Resmi tarih \u015fehirin yaranmas\u0131n\u0131 859 y\u0131lla ba\u011flasa da bu haber XVI y\u00fczy\u0131lda tertib edil\u0259n Nikon kronikine esaslan\u0131r. Bu kaynakda ise Novqorodun sal\u0131nmas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir \u015fey deyilmiyor. Bu kronikde yaln\u0131z novqorodlu Qostom\u0131sl\u0131n 859 y\u0131lda \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnd\u0259n \u00f6zetliyor. Bir ger\u00e7ek olarak bu \u015fehirin sal\u0131nmas\u0131 tarihi gibi kabul edile bilmez. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerine g\u00f6re guya \u00f6nce bu b\u00f6lgede VIII y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u201cLadoqa\u201d ismli bir koloni sal\u0131n\u0131r, IX y\u00fczy\u0131lda orada Ryurik \u015fehirciyi yaran\u0131yor ve, nihayet, IX-X y\u00fczy\u0131llar\u0131n kesi\u015fmesinde, yaxud X y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c\u0131nda bu topraklarda \u201cNovqorod\u201d \u015fehirinin temeli koyulur. Burada bizi ilgilendiren de budur ki, bu topraklarda tap\u0131lan VIII-XI y\u00fczy\u0131llara aid k\u0131z\u0131l e\u015fyalar Volqaboyu ya\u015fayan halklar\u0131n Kuzeyle geni\u015f ticaret ili\u015fkilerinden b\u0259hs ediyor ve bu e\u015fyalar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu Bulgar k\u00f6kenlidir.
.
Ama burada yine bir s\u0131ra tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 problemler \u00fcze \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor: birinci tart\u0131\u015fma budur — e\u011fer \u201cNovqorod\u201d \u201cYeni \u015fehir\u201d gibi terc\u00fcm\u0259 olunursa, \u015fu haldaa \u00f6nceki \u201ceski \u015fehirin\u201d ismi hangi idi? G\u00f6r\u00fcnen ise budur ki, yerel yazarlar bunu bilmiyor. Novqorodun Ladoqa g\u00f6l\u00fcnden 180-190 km aral\u0131 olmas\u0131 onun \u00f6nceki isminin g\u00f6ll\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011funu \u015f\u00fcphe alt\u0131na al\u0131yor. Bu halda \u015fart olarak Novqorod \u0130lmen g\u00f6l\u00fc \u00fcz\u0259rinde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u201c\u0130lmen\u201d, yaxud da oradan axan Volxov nehrinin ismi il\u0259 d\u0259 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131 idi. Belirtelim ki, Novqorodda tap\u0131lan a\u011fcaqay\u0131n a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n kabukunda yaz\u0131lan metnlirin \u00e7oku Slav dilinde oxunmur. Monqollardan \u00f6nce tap\u0131lan yaz\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funda ise Boyan, Azqut, Botyak, Boran, Asef gibi isimlere tan\u0131\u015fa biliriz.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130kinci tart\u0131\u015fma \u2013 nas\u0131l oldu ki, Novqoqod hakk\u0131nda ilkin haberleri yerli yazarlar deyil, tam bizansl\u0131 imparator vermelidir? Baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma\u00e7\u0131lar \u201cNovqorod\u201d ismini slavla\u015fd\u0131rmaq amac\u0131 ile bizansl\u0131 Konstantin Porfirogenetin 949 y\u0131lda \u201c\u0130mparatorlu\u011fun y\u00f6netimi hakk\u0131\u0131nda\u201d kronikinde olan \u00ab\u039d\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2\u201d ismi ile te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fc \u015f\u00fcphelidir! Zaman\u0131nda V.A.Parxomenko d\u00fczg\u00fcn olarak s\u00f6ylemi\u015fdi ki, bizansl\u0131 imparatoru tarafindan an\u0131t\u0131lan bu \u015fehiri G\u00fcneyde aramaq laz\u0131md\u0131r17. Bu tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 olgulara kullanmal\u0131 olduq.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

——————————————————————————————————————————<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0418\u043f\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043b\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c.\u041c. 1962, \u041f\u0421\u0420\u041b, \u0442. II, \u0441\u0442\u043b. 17; \u041b\u0430\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0438 \u0421\u0443\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043b\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043f\u043e \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443. \u041c.1962,
\u041f\u0421\u0420\u041b, \u0442.I, \u0441\u0442\u043b. 12; \u041f\u0412\u041b, I,\u0441. 17, 213
\u041d\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0415. \u041d. \u041d\u043e\u0432\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434 \u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430 IX\u2014X \u0432\u0432. \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 (\u043a \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0443 \u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438
\u041d\u043e\u0432\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430) \/\/ \u041d\u043e\u0432\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a. 1984. \u0412\u044b\u043f. 2 (12). c. 3\u201438
\u041d\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0435\u0432 \u0420. \u0411\u0443\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440 \u0438 \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430. \u0414\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438. \u0418\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u00ab\u0418\u043c\u0430\u043d\u00bb, 2001, c.36
\u041d\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0435\u0432 \u0420. \u0411\u0443\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440 \u0438 \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430. \u0414\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438. \u0418\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u00ab\u0418\u043c\u0430\u043d\u00bb, 2001, c.47
\u041f\u0430\u0440\u0445\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e \u0412.\u0410. \u0423 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u2026 \u0441. 34. \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c. 9<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

DEVAM EDECEK<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

XVII T\u00dcRK TAR\u0130H\u0130 KONQRES\u0130. 15-17 eylul.2014\/ANKARA. II.C\u0130LT \u2013 I KLSLM ORTA AS\u0130YA VE KAFKAS\u0130YA TAR\u0130H\u0130. T\u00dcRK TAR\u0130H KURUMU. ANKARA.2018. s.33-54 Do\u00e7.Dr. Alakbar Alakbarov 1768-1774<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":75385,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-75384","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-turkish"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/75384","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=75384"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/75384\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":75429,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/75384\/revisions\/75429"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/75385"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=75384"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=75384"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=75384"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}