{"id":75583,"date":"2022-07-09T03:01:13","date_gmt":"2022-07-08T23:01:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=75583"},"modified":"2022-07-09T12:04:21","modified_gmt":"2022-07-09T08:04:21","slug":"m%c9%99shur-rus-yazicisi-fyodor-dostoyevskinin-muharib%c9%99-haqqinda-musahib%c9%99si","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=75583","title":{"rendered":"M\u0259\u015fhur rus yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 Fyodor Dostoyevskinin m\u00fcharib\u0259 haqq\u0131nda m\u00fcsahib\u0259si"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>M\u0259\u015fhur rus yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 Fyodor Dostoyevski bir m\u00fcsahib\u0259sind\u0259 m\u00fcharib\u0259 bar\u0259d\u0259 maraql\u0131 fikirl\u0259r ifad\u0259 etmi\u015fdir. M\u00fcsahib\u0259 ilk d\u0259f\u0259 1876-c\u0131 ild\u0259 Rusiyan\u0131n \u201cQolos\u201d q\u0259zetind\u0259 \u00e7ap olunub. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>M\u00fcsahib\u0259nin m\u0259tnini t\u0259qdim edirik:<br><br><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">\u2013 M\u00fcharib\u0259 haqda n\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrs\u00fcz?<\/span><br><br>-M\u00fcharib\u0259nin insanl\u0131q \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn b\u0259la oldu\u011fu q\u0259na\u0259tind\u0259 olmaq v\u0259h\u015fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259dir. \u018fksin\u0259, o, \u0259n \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli hadis\u0259dir. Siyasi, xalqlararas\u0131 m\u00fcharib\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 xeyir verir, ona g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 vacibdir.<br><br><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">\u2013 Ax\u0131 insanlar bir-birini \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcr, burda vacib olan n\u0259dir?<\/span><br><br>\u2013 \u018fvv\u0259la, insanlar\u0131n m\u00fcharib\u0259y\u0259 bir-birini \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn getm\u0259si fikri s\u0259hvdir: ilkin planda bu haqda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u00fcr, \u0259ksin\u0259, onlar \u00f6z h\u0259yatlar\u0131n\u0131 qurban verm\u0259y\u0259 gedirl\u0259r. Bu, tamam ba\u015fqa m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259dir.<br><br>H\u0259yatda h\u0259mv\u0259t\u0259nl\u0259rini, v\u0259t\u0259nini qorumaq namin\u0259 \u00f6z h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131 qurban verm\u0259kd\u0259n g\u00f6z\u0259l ideya ola bilm\u0259z. Humanist ideyalar olmadan is\u0259 insanl\u0131q ya\u015faya bilm\u0259z.<br><br>H\u0259tta m\u0259n t\u0259xmin edir\u0259m ki, insanl\u0131q m\u00fcharib\u0259ni, m\u0259hz bu humanist ideyan\u0131 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn sevir. Buna ehtiyac var.<br><br><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">\u2013 \u0130nsanl\u0131q m\u00fcharib\u0259ni sevir?<\/span><br><br>\u2013 B\u0259s nec\u0259? Kim m\u00fcharib\u0259 vaxt\u0131 qa\u00e7\u0131r? \u018fksin\u0259, h\u0259r k\u0259sd\u0259 ruh y\u00fcks\u0259kliyi yaran\u0131r, s\u00fclh zaman\u0131 oldu\u011fu kimi adilik v\u0259 dar\u0131xmaq haqda giley-g\u00fczar e\u015fidilmir.<br><br>M\u00fcharib\u0259 bitdikd\u0259n sonra is\u0259 onu xat\u0131rlama\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ox xo\u015flay\u0131rlar, h\u0259tta m\u0259\u011flubiyy\u0259t hal\u0131nda bel\u0259 riqq\u0259t\u0259 g\u0259lirl\u0259r.<br><br>Bir d\u0259 m\u00fcharib\u0259 d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 bir-biri il\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u0259n zaman insanlar\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 bulaya-bulaya \u201cN\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck b\u0259db\u0259xtlik, g\u00f6r n\u0259l\u0259r ya\u015fad\u0131q!\u201d dediyin\u0259 inanmay\u0131n. Bu, sad\u0259c\u0259 olaraq, \u0259n\u0259n\u0259dir.<br><br>\u018fksin\u0259, h\u0259r k\u0259sin q\u0259lbind\u0259 toy-bayram olur. Sad\u0259c\u0259, m\u00fcharib\u0259ni t\u0259rifl\u0259m\u0259kd\u0259n ham\u0131 \u00e7\u0259kinir.<br><br><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">\u2013 Y\u0259ni m\u00fcharib\u0259 olmadan humanist ideyalar m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyil? Ax\u0131 s\u00fclh vaxt\u0131 onlar\u0131n h\u0259yata ke\u00e7m\u0259si daha rahatd\u0131r.<\/span><br><br>\u2013 Tamamil\u0259 yanl\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. \u018fksin\u0259, humanizm uzunm\u00fcdd\u0259tli s\u00fclh zaman\u0131 m\u0259hv\u0259 s\u00fcr\u00fckl\u0259nir, \u0259v\u0259zind\u0259 utanmazl\u0131q, bigan\u0259lik meydana g\u0259lir. Uzunm\u00fcdd\u0259tli s\u00fclh zaman\u0131 sosial \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u0259n pis, kobud t\u0259r\u0259fin\u0259 ke\u00e7ir.<br><br>\u018fn \u0259sas\u0131 is\u0259 var-d\u00f6vl\u0259t v\u0259 kapital t\u0259r\u0259f\u0259. Do\u011frudur, namus, insanp\u0259rv\u0259rlik, \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcqurbanverm\u0259 h\u0259l\u0259 ki, t\u0259qdir olunur, qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirilir, amma s\u00fclh n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r \u00e7ox davam ets\u0259, b\u00fct\u00fcn bu g\u00f6z\u0259l, \u0259xlaqi n\u0259sn\u0259l\u0259r solur, quruyur, \u00f6l\u00fcr, z\u0259nginlik is\u0259 h\u0259r \u015feyi z\u0259bt edir.<br><br>Ax\u0131rda ancaq iki\u00fczl\u00fcl\u00fck qal\u0131r. Uzunm\u00fcdd\u0259tli s\u00fclh s\u00fcstl\u00fck yarad\u0131r, fikirl\u0259ri qar\u0131\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r, hissl\u0259ri k\u00fctl\u0259\u015fdirir, poz\u011funlu\u011fa s\u0259b\u0259b olur.<br><br><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">\u2013 B\u0259s elm, inc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259t m\u00fcharib\u0259 zaman\u0131 inki\u015faf edirmi?<\/span><br><br>\u2013 Elm v\u0259 inc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259t h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 m\u00fcharib\u0259d\u0259n sonrak\u0131 ilk m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259d\u0259 inki\u015faf edir. M\u00fcharib\u0259 onlar\u0131 yenil\u0259yir, t\u0259rav\u0259tl\u0259ndirir, t\u0259kan verir. Uzunm\u00fcdd\u0259tli s\u00fclh zaman\u0131 elm d\u0259 s\u00fcquta u\u011fray\u0131r.<br><br>Elml\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olmaq \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc qurban verm\u0259yi t\u0259l\u0259b edir. Amma g\u0259lin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u0259k, ne\u00e7\u0259 alim d\u00fcnyan\u0131n qanayan yaras\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcnd\u0259 davam g\u0259tir\u0259 bilir? O da parlamaq, diqq\u0259ti c\u0259lb etm\u0259k ist\u0259yir. Siz nec\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz, h\u0259qiqi \u0259m\u0259ksev\u0259rl\u0259r \u00e7oxmu qal\u0131b?<br><br>\u015e\u00f6hr\u0259t ist\u0259yirl\u0259r. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 elmd\u0259 \u015farlatanl\u0131q, effekt arxas\u0131nca qa\u00e7ma, h\u0259r \u015feyd\u0259n \u00f6nc\u0259 is\u0259 faydalanmaq \u0259sas yer tutur, \u00e7\u00fcnki alim d\u0259 z\u0259ngin olmaq ist\u0259yir.<br><br>\u0130nc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259td\u0259 d\u0259 eyni hald\u0131r: effekt arxas\u0131nca qa\u00e7maq. Sad\u0259, ayd\u0131n, sa\u011flam ideyalar art\u0131q d\u0259bd\u0259 olmur. Az-maz \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc hissi, harmoniya qal\u0131r. Hissl\u0259rd\u0259 v\u0259 ehtiraslarda is\u0259 sanki \u0259yintil\u0259r yaran\u0131r. \u018fg\u0259r d\u00fcnyada m\u00fcharib\u0259 olmasayd\u0131, inc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259t \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcy\u0259rdi. \u0130nc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259td\u0259ki b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00f6z\u0259l ideyalar m\u00fcharib\u0259, m\u00fcbariz\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n yaran\u0131b.<br><br><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">\u2013 B\u0259s din, xristianl\u0131q?<br><\/span><br>\u2013 Xristianl\u0131q m\u00fcharib\u0259 fakt\u0131n\u0131 etiraf edir v\u0259 uzaqg\u00f6r\u0259nlikl\u0259 qeyd edir ki, q\u0131l\u0131nc s\u00fclh\u00fcn sonuna q\u0259d\u0259r ged\u0259 bilm\u0259z, bu, \u00e7ox \u0259lad\u0131r v\u0259 v\u0259cd\u0259 g\u0259tirir.<br><br>\u015e\u00fcbh\u0259siz ki, o, y\u00fcks\u0259k m\u0259n\u0259vi anlamda m\u00fcharib\u0259ni r\u0259dd edir v\u0259 insan sevgisini t\u0259r\u0259nn\u00fcm edir. Q\u0131l\u0131nclar\u0131n kotana \u00e7evril\u0259c\u0259yi zaman m\u0259n \u00f6z\u00fcm ham\u0131dan \u0259vv\u0259l, ham\u0131dan \u00e7ox sevin\u0259c\u0259y\u0259m. B\u0259s bu, n\u0259 zaman ba\u015f ver\u0259 bil\u0259r?<br><br>Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc d\u00fcnya h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 v\u0259 h\u0259r yerd\u0259 m\u00fcharib\u0259d\u0259n pisdir, o q\u0259d\u0259r pisdir ki, onu qorumaq da \u0259xlaqs\u0131zl\u0131qd\u0131r. Qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirm\u0259li, qoruyub-saxlamal\u0131 he\u00e7 n\u0259 yoxdur.<br><br>S\u00fclh zaman\u0131 qorxaql\u0131q k\u00f6k sal\u0131r. \u0130nsan \u00f6z t\u0259bi\u0259ti etibaril\u0259 d\u0259h\u015f\u0259tli d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 qorxaql\u0131\u011fa, utanmazl\u0131\u011fa meyillidir v\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fc d\u0259 bunu \u00e7ox g\u00f6z\u0259l bilir.<br><br>B\u0259lk\u0259 d\u0259, el\u0259 buna g\u00f6r\u0259 o, m\u00fcharib\u0259y\u0259 bel\u0259 susay\u0131r, onu \u00e7ar\u0259 kimi g\u00f6r\u00fcr. M\u00fcharib\u0259 insansev\u0259rliyi inki\u015faf etdirir v\u0259 xalqlar\u0131 birl\u0259\u015fdirir.<br><br><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">&#8212; Xalqlar\u0131 nec\u0259 \u201cbirl\u0259\u015fdirir\u201d ki?<\/span><br><br>\u2013 Onlar\u0131 bir-birin\u0259 h\u00f6rm\u0259t etm\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259cbur ed\u0259r\u0259k. M\u00fcharib\u0259 insanlar\u0131 t\u0259rav\u0259tl\u0259ndirir. Xeyriyy\u0259\u00e7ilik \u0259n \u00e7ox el\u0259 m\u00fcharib\u0259 meydan\u0131nda inki\u015faf edir.<br><br>Bu, h\u0259tta q\u0259rib\u0259 faktd\u0131r ki, s\u00fclh m\u00fcharib\u0259d\u0259n daha \u00e7ox \u0259s\u0259b yarad\u0131r. G\u0259lin xat\u0131rlayaq, \u201cKr\u0131m kampaniyas\u0131\u201d zaman\u0131 biz ingilis v\u0259 frans\u0131zlara nifr\u0259t edirdikmi? \u018fksin\u0259, sanki onlarla daha da yax\u0131nla\u015fd\u0131q, do\u011fmala\u015fd\u0131q.<br><br>Onlar\u0131n bizim q\u0259hr\u0259manl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z haqdak\u0131 r\u0259yl\u0259ri il\u0259 maraqlan\u0131rd\u0131q, onlar\u0131n \u0259sirl\u0259rini m\u00fcalic\u0259 edirdik. Bizim \u0259sg\u0259r v\u0259 zabitl\u0259r at\u0259\u015fk\u0259s zaman\u0131 postlara \u00fcz tuturdular, h\u0259tta az qala, onlarla qucaqla\u015f\u0131r, araq i\u00e7irdil\u0259r.<br><br>M\u00fcharib\u0259 zaman\u0131 z\u00fclm \u00e7\u0259k\u0259nl\u0259r\u0259 h\u0259r k\u0259s o anda yard\u0131m edir, s\u00fclh zaman\u0131 is\u0259 biz insafa g\u0259lib \u00fc\u00e7 rubl ver\u0259n\u0259 kimi b\u00fct\u00fcn \u0259yal\u0259t acl\u0131qdan m\u0259hv ola bil\u0259r.<br><br><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">\u2013 Sizc\u0259, sad\u0259 xalq m\u00fcharib\u0259 zaman\u0131 daha \u00e7ox z\u00fclm \u00e7\u0259kmirmi, ba\u015fqa y\u00fcks\u0259k t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n f\u0259rqli olaraq m\u0259hrumiyy\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 sin\u0259 g\u0259rmirmi?<\/span><br><br>\u2013 M\u00fcharib\u0259 m\u0259hz sad\u0259 xalqa g\u00f6r\u0259 \u0259n yax\u015f\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131r. \u0130st\u0259yirsiniz, lap \u0259n humanist insan olun, yen\u0259 d\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fc sad\u0259 insanlardan \u00fcst\u00fcn hesab edirsiniz.<br><br>Bizim z\u0259man\u0259d\u0259 \u00f6z \u00fcr\u0259yini xristianl\u0131q \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259ri il\u0259 kim \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcr ki? Cibl\u0259 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr, hakimiyy\u0259tl\u0259, g\u00fccl\u0259 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr v\u0259 sad\u0259 xalq k\u00fctl\u0259si d\u0259 bunu \u0259la bilir.<br><br>Nec\u0259 azad olursunuz-olun, nec\u0259 qanunlar yaz\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z-yaz\u0131n, insanlar aras\u0131ndak\u0131 qeyri-b\u0259rab\u0259rlik he\u00e7 vaxt aradan qalxmayacaq.<br><br>Yegan\u0259 \u0259lac m\u00fcharib\u0259dir. M\u00fcharib\u0259 xalqda ruh y\u00fcks\u0259kliyi yarad\u0131r v\u0259 onun \u015f\u00fcurunda l\u0259yaq\u0259t duy\u011fusunu g\u00fccl\u0259ndirir.<br><br>M\u00fcharib\u0259 sava\u015f zaman\u0131 ham\u0131n\u0131 b\u0259rab\u0259rl\u0259\u015fdirir v\u0259 a\u011fa il\u0259 n\u00f6k\u0259ri bar\u0131\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r. Y\u00fcks\u0259k insani keyfiyy\u0259tl\u0259r ortaya \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r, insanlar\u0131 \u00fcmumi ortaq s\u0259b\u0259b olan v\u0259t\u0259n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn birl\u0259\u015fdirir. M\u00fcharib\u0259 zaman\u0131 q\u0259hr\u0259manl\u0131\u011f\u0131n tam b\u0259rab\u0259rliyi meydana g\u0259lir.<br><br>Axan qan vacib hadis\u0259dir. Z\u0259ngin v\u0259 mujik 1812-ci ild\u0259 birg\u0259 sava\u015fd\u0131lar, bir-birin\u0259 s\u00fclh zaman\u0131nda oldu\u011fundan daha yax\u0131n oldular. M\u00fcharib\u0259 k\u00fctl\u0259y\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 h\u00f6rm\u0259t a\u015f\u0131lay\u0131r, ona g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 xalq m\u00fcharib\u0259ni sevir.<br><br>M\u00fcharib\u0259y\u0259 aid mahn\u0131lar b\u0259st\u0259l\u0259yir, \u0259fsan\u0259l\u0259r, hekay\u0259l\u0259r yaz\u0131r. Yox, m\u00fcharib\u0259 bizim zamanda vacibdir, onsuz d\u00fcnya m\u0259hv\u0259 s\u00fcr\u00fckl\u0259n\u0259r.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>M\u0259\u015fhur rus yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 Fyodor Dostoyevski bir m\u00fcsahib\u0259sind\u0259 m\u00fcharib\u0259 bar\u0259d\u0259 maraql\u0131 fikirl\u0259r ifad\u0259 etmi\u015fdir. M\u00fcsahib\u0259 ilk d\u0259f\u0259 1876-c\u0131 ild\u0259 Rusiyan\u0131n \u201cQolos\u201d q\u0259zetind\u0259 \u00e7ap olunub. M\u00fcsahib\u0259nin<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":75584,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-75583","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tarix"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/75583","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=75583"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/75583\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":75603,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/75583\/revisions\/75603"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/75584"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=75583"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=75583"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=75583"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}