{"id":77055,"date":"2022-07-27T03:33:50","date_gmt":"2022-07-26T23:33:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=77055"},"modified":"2022-07-27T03:33:55","modified_gmt":"2022-07-26T23:33:55","slug":"rus-xaqanligi-rusiyanin-baslangici-tarixd%c9%99n-silinib","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=77055","title":{"rendered":"Rus xaqanl\u0131\u011f\u0131: Rusiyan\u0131n ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c\u0131 tarixd\u0259n silinib"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Rus torpaqlar\u0131 haradan g\u0259ldi? Varangiyal\u0131lar\u0131n g\u0259li\u015fi, salnam\u0259\u00e7i Nestor, «Ke\u00e7mi\u015f \u0130ll\u0259rin na\u011f\u0131l\u0131» haqq\u0131nda ham\u0131m\u0131z bilirik. Ancaq az adam (m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259r istisna olmaqla) bilir ki, h\u0259tta \u015e\u0259rqi Avropada Varangiyal\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan \u0259vv\u0259l d\u0259 hans\u0131sa ruslar\u0131n d\u00f6vl\u0259ti var imi\u015f. XI \u0259sr daxil olmaqla, onlar\u0131n h\u00f6kmdarlar\u0131n\u0131 \u201c\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcnk\u00fcl\u0259r\u201d v\u0259 \u201cg\u0259lm\u0259l\u0259r\u201d \u201ckaqan\u201d adland\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131lar. Rus \u00f6lk\u0259si il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 hekay\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, o, \u0259n yax\u0131n qon\u015fular\u0131 il\u0259 eyni \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t\u0259 malik oldu\u011funu iddia edirdi: Avarlar\u0131n qal\u0131qlar\u0131, Bizans, Madyarlar\u0131n \u00f6lk\u0259si v\u0259 Slavlar \u00f6lk\u0259si. B\u0259s xaqanl\u0131q hans\u0131 sistemin bir hiss\u0259si idi? M\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259ri \u015f\u0259rh etm\u0259d\u0259n tarixi problem\u0259 baxaq…<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n


Bizim xaqanlar\u0131m\u0131z olub, ya yox?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n


\u201cRus xaqanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d termini geni\u015f d\u00f6vriyy\u0259y\u0259 Ermitaj \u0130mperator muzeyinin direktoru Stepan Qedeonov t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n daxil edilmi\u015fdir. O, dramaturq, s\u0259n\u0259t\u015f\u00fcnas v\u0259 tarix\u00e7i kimi f\u0259rql\u0259nib. Vaxtil\u0259 bu \u00e7ox\u015fax\u0259li \u015f\u0259xs R\u0259ssaml\u0131q Akademiyas\u0131n\u0131n arxeoloji komissiyas\u0131na r\u0259hb\u0259rlik edib. O, \u201cVaryaqlar v\u0259 Rusiya\u201d (\u00ab\u0412\u0430\u0440\u044f\u0433\u0438 \u0438 \u0420\u0443\u0441\u044c\u00bb, iki cildd\u0259) adl\u0131 maraql\u0131 traktat da yazm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bu \u0259s\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 m\u00fckafat al\u0131b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


T\u0259qdim olunan \u0259s\u0259rin \u0259n m\u0259\u015fhur ifad\u0259si y\u0259qin ki, \u00e7oxlar\u0131na tan\u0131\u015fd\u0131r: \u201cQ\u0259dim tariximizin ilkin hadis\u0259l\u0259rinin he\u00e7 biri daha m\u00fcsb\u0259t, r\u0259smi, bir-birind\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131 olmayan s\u00fcbutlar \u0259sas\u0131nda t\u0259sdiql\u0259nm\u0259mi\u015fdir. 839-871-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 Rusiya xaqanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Varyaqlar\u0131n \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan, Oleq, \u0130qor v\u0259 Svyatoslav m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n, Nestorun salnam\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n daha d\u00fczg\u00fcnd\u00fcr. IX \u0259srd\u0259 Rusiya xaqanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n m\u00f6vcudlu\u011fu dan\u0131lmaz tarixi faktd\u0131r\u201d. \u0130ndiy\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r ad\u0131 \u00e7\u0259kil\u0259n \u00f6lk\u0259nin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 elm adamlar\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n r\u0259dd edilmi\u015f v\u0259 ya g\u00f6rm\u0259zlikd\u0259n g\u0259lmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u00ab\u0412\u0430\u0440\u044f\u0433\u0438 \u0438 \u0420\u0443\u0441\u044c\u00bb \u0421. \u0413\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 (1876 \u0433.). \u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n


\u018fn maraql\u0131s\u0131 odur ki, indiki (h\u0259r hans\u0131 ideoloji qada\u011falardan azad) \u0259srd\u0259 akademikl\u0259rin he\u00e7 biri, h\u0259tta alternativ tarix\u00e7il\u0259rin yar\u0131s\u0131 art\u0131q Rusiya xaqanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n m\u00f6vcudlu\u011fu fakt\u0131n\u0131 inkar etmir. Sad\u0259c\u0259 olaraq, bunu geni\u015f ictimaiyy\u0259t\u0259 t\u0259qdim etm\u0259k ist\u0259mirl\u0259r — m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, Rusiya tarixinin ilkin d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fcn dig\u0259r hadis\u0259l\u0259ri kimi. Bu h\u0259qiq\u0259tdir. Ax\u0131 bu, bir n\u00f6v \u0259lveri\u015fsizdir. \u00c7\u00f6l sakinl\u0259ri bizim \u0259cdadlar\u0131m\u0131z yox, kaqan olmal\u0131d\u0131rlar. Deyirl\u0259r, h\u0259qiqiliyi korlamaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00e7a\u015fq\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa yol verm\u0259k olmaz … \u018fks halda, g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u0259n, etiraf etm\u0259li olacaqsan ki, bizim b\u0259zi uzaq \u0259cdadlar\u0131m\u0131z X\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 ticar\u0259t \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn karvanlar da t\u0259chiz edibl\u0259r (d\u0259v\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 y\u00fckl\u0259yibl\u0259r). Paradoks? Ancaq bu do\u011frudur (\u0259r\u0259b s\u0259yah\u0259t\u00e7il\u0259rinin ifad\u0259l\u0259rini oxuyun) …<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bertin yaz\u0131s\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n


Bu, Frank \u0130mperiyas\u0131n\u0131n r\u0259smi xronikalar\u0131ndan birin\u0259 istinad edir. 839-cu ild\u0259 bu m\u0259nb\u0259 ilk d\u0259f\u0259 olaraq Rus xaqanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n m\u00f6vcudlu\u011fundan x\u0259b\u0259r verir. «Ros xalq\u0131n\u0131n xaqan\u0131». H\u0259qiq\u0259ti gizl\u0259tm\u0259yin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0412\u044b\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u043e \u043f\u043e\u0435\u0437\u0434\u043a\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0412\u0438\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u043e \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0443 \u041b\u044e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0411\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e. \u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n


II L\u00fcdovikin m\u0259ktubu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n


871-ci ild\u0259 ba\u015fqa bir L\u00fcdovik Bizans basileus I Bazil\u0259 cavab yaz\u0131r v\u0259 yen\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n bir xaqan\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Chaganum vero nos prelatum Avarum non Gazanorum v\u0259 ya Nortmannorum nuncupari repperimus neque principem Vulgarum sed regem v\u0259 dominum Vulgarum. Y\u0259ni, ba\u015fqa bir L\u00fcdovik d\u0259 raz\u0131la\u015f\u0131r ki, \u201cRos xalq\u0131n\u0131n ka\u011fan\u0131\u201d d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fk\u0259n skandinaviyal\u0131lardan he\u00e7 n\u0259 il\u0259 f\u0259rql\u0259nmir. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, Frankiya bilirdi ki, Ruslar Varyaqlar\u0131n \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan \u0259vv\u0259l m\u00f6vcud idil\u0259r. Onlar, (x\u00fcsus\u0259n franklar\u0131n n\u0259z\u0259rind\u0259) h\u0259min Varyaqlardan he\u00e7 bir f\u0259rqi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 qeyd edirdil\u0259r… Kaqan titulu da Avar liderin\u0259 xas oldu\u011fundan (Franklar o zaman avarlar\u0131 bitirmi\u015fdil\u0259r), L\u00fcdovik \u00fcnvan\u0131 xaqan-\u015fimall\u0131 avarlarla v\u0259 ya k\u00f6\u00e7\u0259ril\u0259rin xaqanlar\u0131 il\u0259 \u00e7a\u015fd\u0131rmama\u011fa \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131r…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430. \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a \u2013 https:\/\/www.kramola.info\/sites\/default\/files\/insert_images\/vesti\/2018\/03\/16\/eatufbpol9q.jpg<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n


870-890-c\u0131 ill\u0259rin Anonim co\u011frafi qeydl\u0259ri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n


Bu \u00fcmumi adla m\u0259nb\u0259 aliml\u0259ri xakan rus (\u062e\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0633) ifad\u0259sin\u0259 istinadlar\u0131 qeyd etmi\u015fl\u0259r. \u018fr\u0259b xilaf\u0259tinin t\u0259b\u0259\u0259l\u0259rinin (onlardan b\u0259zil\u0259ri farslard\u0131r) \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259 rast g\u0259linir. \u0130bn Rust, Qardizi, \u0259l-M\u0259rvazi, «Hudud \u0259l-al\u0259m»d\u0259 bel\u0259 yaz\u0131l\u0131r. Yaz\u0131l\u0131b ki, ruslar slavyanlardan f\u0259rqlidir. Me\u015f\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 bataql\u0131qlarla \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc 3 g\u00fcn uzunlu\u011funda bir adada ya\u015fay\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kiyevd\u0259ki M\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s Sofiya Katedral\u0131n\u0131n divar\u0131ndak\u0131 yaz\u0131ya he\u00e7 bir \u015f\u0259rh\u0259 ehtiyac yoxdur. \u201cTanr\u0131, kaqan\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 qoru\u201d.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0422\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c, \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044f \u0432 XI \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0435. \u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n


\u0130lk rus mitropoliti \u0130llarionun s\u00f6zl\u0259ri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n


\u0130llarionun h\u0259r bir b\u00f6y\u00fck knyaz\u0131 (Vladimir Svyatoslavovi\u00e7 v\u0259 Yaroslav Mudr\u0131y: Rurik s\u00fclal\u0259sind\u0259n olan ata v\u0259 o\u011ful) \u201c\u00f6lk\u0259mizin b\u00f6y\u00fck xaqan\u0131\u201d, \u201cm\u00f6min kaqan\u201d, \u201cbizim m\u00f6min xaqan\u201d v\u0259 sair adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259sdiql\u0259y\u0259n kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r s\u00fcbutlar var. Bu s\u00f6zl\u0259ri siz \u201c\u015e\u0259rq v\u0259 l\u00fctf x\u00fctb\u0259si\u201dnd\u0259 v\u0259 \u201c\u0130man etiraf\u0131\u201dnda tapa bil\u0259rsiniz. Unutmay\u0131n: B\u0130Z\u0130M Xaqan.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n


«\u0130qorun polku haqq\u0131nda dastan»<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n


N\u0259hay\u0259t, XII \u0259srd\u0259 ad\u0131 h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 xat\u0131rlan\u0131r. M\u00fc\u0259llif bu \u0259d\u0259bi \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 kaqan kimi Tmutarakan knyaz\u0131 Oleq Svyatoslavi\u00e7in ad\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0259kir. O, XI \u0259srin son ill\u0259rind\u0259 Rusiyan\u0131n geni\u015f miras\u0131n\u0131n h\u00f6kmdar\u0131 idi. Dem\u0259li, xaqanlar \u0259n az\u0131 IX \u0259srin birinci \u00fc\u00e7d\u0259 birind\u0259n XI \u0259srin sonlar\u0131na q\u0259d\u0259r, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n, tariximizin reall\u0131\u011f\u0131 idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0422\u0430\u043a \u043c\u043e\u0433 \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0440\u044b\u043d\u043e\u043a \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0425\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438. \u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n


N\u0259tic\u0259<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n


Bir \u00e7ox fiqurlar Avrasiyan\u0131n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif xalqlar\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259\u015fdiril\u0259n fakt\u0131 n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r \u201csusdurma\u011fa\u201d \u00e7al\u0131\u015fsalar da, bu, he\u00e7 d\u0259 silinm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259k. B\u0259zi aliml\u0259r hesab edirl\u0259r ki, \u018fl X\u0259z\u0259r «imperiyas\u0131»nda onun sakinl\u0259ri onun t\u0259rkibind\u0259 olan b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u00fcst\u0259qil b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rin h\u00f6kmdarlar\u0131n\u0131 «kaqan» adland\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131lar. X\u0259z\u0259riya \u00e7oxlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fc kimi deyildi (Xaqan Yusifin xalqlar\u0131n \u201ctabe edilm\u0259si\u201d haqq\u0131nda \u00f6y\u00fcn\u0259n m\u0259ktubunu oxuyun). Bu \u0259razi, h\u0259m d\u0259, vahid xarici siyas\u0259tl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 olan n\u0259h\u0259ng ticar\u0259t m\u0259kan\u0131 idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


T\u0259\u0259ss\u00fcf ki, sistem 10-cu \u0259srd\u0259, yeni Ruslar (bu d\u0259f\u0259 L\u00fcdovik qeyd etdiyi kimi Normanlar\u0131n xakanlar\u0131, \u0259slind\u0259 is\u0259 Ry\u00fcrikl\u0259r) \u018fl X\u0259z\u0259rin ticar\u0259t v\u0259 m\u00fcdafi\u0259 ittifaq\u0131nda apar\u0131c\u0131 yer tutma\u011fa q\u0259rar ver\u0259nd\u0259 \u00e7\u00f6kd\u00fc. Svyatoslav yetkinl\u0259\u015fm\u0259zd\u0259n \u0259vv\u0259l, «xalq\u0131n kaqanlar\u0131 b\u00f6y\u00fcd\u00fc» k\u00f6hn\u0259 s\u00fclal\u0259l\u0259rinin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc s\u0131xaraq, yava\u015f-yava\u015f (m\u0259skunla\u015fma ard\u0131nca m\u0259skunla\u015fma) sakit oturdular. V\u0259 (indi bu q\u0259bil\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n b\u0259zil\u0259rini bilm\u0259d\u0259n h\u0259rbi m\u00fctt\u0259fiq kimi q\u0259bul ed\u0259r\u0259k) bitirdikd\u0259n sonra X\u0259z\u0259rin \u00f6z\u0259yin\u0259 — \u0259slind\u0259 onun t\u00fcrk m\u0259n\u015f\u0259li v\u0259 y\u0259hudi inancl\u0131 h\u00f6kmdar\u0131n\u0131n ordusuna getdil\u0259r. Onlara «m\u0259rk\u0259z» qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda h\u0259r hans\u0131 \u00f6hd\u0259likl\u0259rd\u0259n xilas olmaq ist\u0259y\u0259n bolqarlar k\u00f6m\u0259k etdi…<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Ry\u00fcrikl\u0259rin arxas\u0131nda pravoslav rahibl\u0259r var idi — yegan\u0259 salnam\u0259\u00e7il\u0259r. Onlar \u201cyad\u201d, \u201cv\u0259h\u015fi\u201d, \u201cb\u00fctp\u0259r\u0259st\u201d (murdar) dam\u011fas\u0131 vuraraq tariximizd\u0259n \u00e7\u00f6ld\u0259ki h\u0259r \u015feyi sildil\u0259r. Bu arada, Ry\u00fcrik yuvas\u0131ndan olan m\u00fcxt\u0259lif insanlarla Bizans m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259ri haqq\u0131nda yaln\u0131z dolay\u0131 istinadlar (\u201c\u0259fsan\u0259l\u0259r\u201d) var, X\u0259z\u0259rl\u0259 Bizans m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 is\u0259 \u00e7oxlu s\u0259n\u0259dli s\u00fcbutlar var. Niy\u0259 yaln\u0131z bir ne\u00e7\u0259 tarix\u00e7i bu h\u0259qiq\u0259ti qeyd edir … Onlar \u015fimalda daha \u00e7ox \u015fey bilirl\u0259r — h\u0259r c\u00fcr alman dilli d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r v\u0259 vikinql\u0259r. H\u0259m d\u0259 slovenl\u0259rin, Krivi\u00e7il\u0259rin, Baltlar\u0131n v\u0259 h\u0259r c\u00fcr insanlar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hiss\u0259d\u0259. Daha c\u0259nubda, onlar 10-cu \u0259sr\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r olanlar m\u0259lum deyil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\u0130lk (Ry\u00fcrikd\u0259n \u0259vv\u0259lki) \u201cxalq\u0131n xaqanlar\u0131n\u0131n\u201d milliyy\u0259tc\u0259 kim oldu\u011fu m\u0259lum deyil. B\u0259li v\u0259 bunu \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259yin m\u0259nas\u0131 yoxdur. B\u0259lk\u0259 d\u0259 X\u0259z\u0259r \u00f6lk\u0259si etnik qruplar \u00fczr\u0259 \u0259n z\u0259ngin d\u00f6vl\u0259tin ilk prototipi idi — SSR\u0130-d\u0259 oldu\u011fu kimi. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, Dneprd\u0259n \u015f\u0259rqd\u0259ki \u00e7\u00f6l v\u0259 me\u015f\u0259-\u00e7\u00f6l\u00fcn bir \u00e7ox xalqlar\u0131 il\u0259 biz (g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k ruslar) 9-cu \u0259srd\u0259 v\u0259 \u00e7ox g\u00fcman ki, 8-ci \u0259srd\u0259 d\u0259 bir n\u00f6v qarda\u015f idik. Burada xalqla birlikd\u0259 t\u00fcrk tayfa birlikl\u0259ri, y\u0259hudil\u0259r, alanlar, arsanlar, vantitl\u0259r v\u0259 bir \u00e7ox ba\u015fqalar\u0131 yeti\u015fibl\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u0259nb\u0259: \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0438 \u0441 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0448\u044c<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

P.S.<\/span><\/strong> H\u0259tta ruslarla ba\u011fl\u0131 orta \u0259sr s\u0259yyah\u0131 \u018fbd\u00fclr\u0259\u015fid \u018fl Bakuvi d\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00ab\u0421\u041e\u041a\u0420\u0410\u0429\u0415\u041d\u0418\u0415 [\u041a\u041d\u0418\u0413\u0418 O], \u00ab\u041f\u0410\u041c\u042f\u0422\u041d\u0418\u041a\u0410\u0425\u00bb \u0418 \u0427\u0423\u0414\u0415\u0421\u0410 \u0426\u0410\u0420\u042f \u041c\u041e\u0413\u0423\u0427\u0415\u0413\u041e. \u041a\u0418\u0422\u0410\u0411 \u0422\u0410\u041b\u0425\u0418\u0421 \u0410\u041b-\u0410\u0421\u0410\u0420 \u0412\u0410\u2019\u0410\u0414\u0416\u0410\u2019\u0418\u0411 \u0410\u041b-\u041c\u0410\u041b\u0418\u041a \u0410\u041b-\u041a\u0410\u0425\u0425\u0410\u0420\u00bb<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0adl\u0131 \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 d\u0259 ruslar\u0131 t\u00fcrk tayfas\u0131 adland\u0131raraq yaz\u0131rd\u0131: \u00abRUS \u00d6LK\u018fS\u0130. Bu t\u00fcrkl\u0259rd\u0259n olan b\u00f6y\u00fck bir xalqd\u0131r: [\u00d6lk\u0259] Saklablar diyar\u0131 il\u0259 h\u0259ms\u0259rh\u0259ddir, bir g\u00f6l\u00fcn sular\u0131 il\u0259 yuyulmu\u015f bir adada yerl\u0259\u015fir v\u0259 bu onlar\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259nl\u0259rd\u0259n qorunmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bir qalad\u0131r. \u0130til \u00e7ay\u0131 boyunca ticar\u0259t edirl\u0259r. \u00c7irkablardan [murdarlanmaqdan] qorunmurlar. Onlar\u0131n pad\u015fah\u0131n\u0131n qiym\u0259tli da\u015flarla i\u015fl\u0259nmi\u015f n\u0259h\u0259ng bir taxt\u0131 var. Onun yan\u0131nda q\u0131rx cariy\u0259si oturur (Bax \u0130bn Fadlan, 2-ci n\u0259\u015fr, S. 146). Qanunlar\u0131 v\u0259 x\u00fcsusi bir dill\u0259ri var. B\u0259d\u0259nl\u0259ri palma a\u011fac\u0131 kimi a\u011f r\u0259ngd\u0259dir. Onlar Allah\u0131n \u0259n murdar m\u0259xluqlar\u0131d\u0131r.\u00bb (\u0421\u0422\u0420\u0410\u041d\u0410 \u0420\u0423\u0421\u041e\u0412.\u00a0\u042d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434 \u0438\u0437 \u0442\u044e\u0440\u043e\u043a: [\u0421\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430] \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0430\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0432, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435, \u043e\u043c\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u043c\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0430, \u0438 \u043e\u043d \u2014 \u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0432. \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044e \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0435\u043a\u0435 \u0418\u0442\u0438\u043b. \u041e\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f [\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f] \u043d\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u0423 \u0438\u0445 \u0446\u0430\u0440\u044f \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435, \u0438\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u043d\u044f\u043c\u0438. \u041d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043c \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0438\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u0446 (\u0421\u043c. \u0418\u0431\u043d \u0424\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0430\u043d, 2-\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0434., \u0441\u0442\u0440. 146). \u0423 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0439 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a. \u0418\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0435, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430. \u041e\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u044f\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430<\/strong><\/em>).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Rus torpaqlar\u0131 haradan g\u0259ldi? Varangiyal\u0131lar\u0131n g\u0259li\u015fi, salnam\u0259\u00e7i Nestor, «Ke\u00e7mi\u015f \u0130ll\u0259rin na\u011f\u0131l\u0131» haqq\u0131nda ham\u0131m\u0131z bilirik. Ancaq az adam (m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259r istisna olmaqla) bilir ki, h\u0259tta \u015e\u0259rqi<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":77061,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-77055","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arasdirma"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/77055","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=77055"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/77055\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":77062,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/77055\/revisions\/77062"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/77061"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=77055"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=77055"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=77055"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}