{"id":91161,"date":"2023-03-25T17:37:53","date_gmt":"2023-03-25T13:37:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=91161"},"modified":"2023-03-25T17:40:56","modified_gmt":"2023-03-25T13:40:56","slug":"rusiya-turkiy%c9%99-s%c9%99rh%c9%99dl%c9%99ri-1739-cu-il-muqavil%c9%99l%c9%99rin%c9%99-%c9%99sas%c9%99n-nec%c9%99-olub-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=91161","title":{"rendered":"Rusiya-T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259ri 1739-cu il m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n nec\u0259 olub"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Sizi \u00abTarixd\u0259n Faktlar\u00bb kanal\u0131nda getmi\u015f bir materialla tan\u0131\u015f edirik. 1739-cu il m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n Qara v\u0259 Azov d\u0259nizl\u0259ri \u0259razisind\u0259 yeni Rusiya s\u0259rh\u0259di. S\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259r\u0259 uy\u011fun olaraq. 1. Nissa Konvensiyas\u0131, Dneprd\u0259n q\u0259rb\u0259 do\u011fru s\u0259rh\u0259d 22 oktyabr 1705-ci il tarixli m\u00fcqavil\u0259 il\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilmi\u015fdir.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u0259rh\u0259din bu hiss\u0259si Rusiya-T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 komissiyas\u0131 (burada Rusiyan\u0131 \u0130van Neplyuyev t\u0259msil edirdi) t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n <\/a>edilmi\u015f v\u0259 1740-c\u0131 il noyabr\u0131n 4-d\u0259 t\u0259sdiq edilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1705-ci il m\u00fcqavil\u0259sinin yeni redaksiyas\u0131nda s\u0259rh\u0259d Pol\u015fa s\u0259rh\u0259di il\u0259 k\u0259si\u015fdiyi yerd\u0259n Buq boyunca getdi, Elanets, Qromokleya, \u0130nqul v\u0259 \u0130nqulets \u00e7aylar\u0131n\u0131 ke\u00e7di v\u0259 Kamenkan\u0131n a\u011fz\u0131na yax\u0131n Dneprd\u0259 bitdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u0259rh\u0259din ikinci hiss\u0259si, Dneprd\u0259n Azov d\u0259nizin\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r, \u015fimala, At (Kon) Sular\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259ns\u0259bind\u0259 bitirdi v\u0259 \u00e7ox sayda \u0259sg\u0259rin olmas\u0131 s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n Rusiya \u0259razisin\u0259 girirdi (Osterman Vi\u015fnyakov vasit\u0259sil\u0259 etiraz etdi) v\u0259 Dneprd\u0259n q\u0259rbd\u0259 v\u0259 \u015f\u0259rqd\u0259 \u00e7ay adalar\u0131nad\u0259k uzan\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At sular\u0131ndan ba\u015flayaraq, s\u0259rh\u0259din bu hiss\u0259si Azov d\u0259nizind\u0259ki B\u00f6y\u00fck Berdenin a\u011fz\u0131nda bitirdi. Nissa Konvensiyas\u0131n\u0131n 2-ci madd\u0259si ayd\u0131nla\u015fd\u0131rd\u0131 ki, s\u0259rh\u0259d x\u0259tti At sular\u0131ndan B\u00f6y\u00fck Berdey\u0259 v\u0259 bu \u00e7ay\u0131n a\u011fz\u0131na q\u0259d\u0259r d\u00fcz bir x\u0259ttl\u0259 ke\u00e7ir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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S\u0259rh\u0259din bu hiss\u0259sinin m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilm\u0259si Rusiyan\u0131n Vasili Repnin t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u0259msil olundu\u011fu x\u00fcsusi komissiyaya h\u0259val\u0259 edildi. 1742-ci il oktyabr\u0131n 12-d\u0259 onun \u00fczvl\u0259ri B\u00f6y\u00fck Berde haqq\u0131nda m\u00fcqavil\u0259 imzalad\u0131lar v\u0259 burada s\u0259rh\u0259din At Sular\u0131 il\u0259 davam ed\u0259c\u0259yini qeyd etdil\u0259r. Yeni s\u0259rh\u0259din \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc hiss\u0259si B\u00f6y\u00fck Berde \u00e7ay\u0131ndan Azov d\u0259nizin\u0259 axan Mius \u00e7ay\u0131na q\u0259d\u0259r uzan\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nissa Konvensiyas\u0131n\u0131n 3-c\u00fc madd\u0259si onun 1700-c\u00fc il m\u00fcqavil\u0259si \u0259sas\u0131nda ke\u00e7irilm\u0259sini m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n etdi. Ba\u015fqa s\u00f6zl\u0259, bu \u0259razi bit\u0259r\u0259f qalmal\u0131 v\u0259 Rusiyan\u0131 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259n ay\u0131rmal\u0131 idi. At sular\u0131-Bol\u0131naya Berde zonas\u0131 il\u0259 B\u00f6y\u00fck Berde-Mius b\u00f6lg\u0259sinin s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259rinin m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilm\u0259si ruslar\u0131n t\u00fcrkl\u0259r\u0259 getdiyi b\u00f6y\u00fck g\u00fcz\u0259\u015ft idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00f6y\u00fck Pyotrun imzalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 Azov d\u0259nizinin \u015fimal\u0131ndak\u0131 neytral zonan\u0131n Perekopdan Miusa q\u0259d\u0259r uzanmas\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulurdu. 1739 v\u0259 1742-ci ill\u0259rin t\u0259nziml\u0259m\u0259l\u0259ri T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 \u0259razisini \u015f\u0259rqd\u0259 t\u0259xmin\u0259n 250 km art\u0131ran Perekop v\u0259 B\u00f6y\u00fck Berde aras\u0131nda uzanan hiss\u0259ni T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn saxlayaraq \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 azaltd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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N\u0259hay\u0259t, s\u0259rh\u0259din d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc v\u0259 sonuncu hiss\u0259si Azov v\u0259 onun b\u00f6lg\u0259sinin neytral statusu il\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edildi. B\u00f6y\u00fck Pyotrun bu \u0259sas f\u0259thi Rusiyaya qaytar\u0131lmad\u0131: Belqrad S\u00fclh M\u00fcqavil\u0259si yaln\u0131z Azov qalas\u0131n\u0131n b\u0259rpa edil\u0259 bilm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259yini v\u0259 onun b\u00f6lg\u0259sinin m\u0259skunla\u015fmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 \u00abiki imperiya aras\u0131nda mane\u0259 rolunu oynayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u00bb qeyd edirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1739-cu il m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259rinin iki terrae nullius (he\u00e7 kim\u0259 m\u0259xsus olmayan torpaq), \u00abs\u0259ddi\u00bb B\u00f6y\u00fck Berde-Mius v\u0259 Azov d\u0259nizi aras\u0131nda \u015eimalda Mius v\u0259 Donun a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 axarlar\u0131n\u0131 \u0259hat\u0259 ed\u0259n bir b\u00f6lg\u0259 var idi. Azov b\u00f6lg\u0259si. 1739-cu ild\u0259 onun h\u00fcquqi statusu m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilm\u0259di: bu \u0259razi Taqanroqun b\u0259rpas\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 Azov d\u0259nizind\u0259 rus donanmas\u0131n\u0131n yerl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259sini qada\u011fan ed\u0259n madd\u0259d\u0259 yaln\u0131z bir d\u0259f\u0259 qeyd edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bel\u0259likl\u0259, bu iki hal istisna olmaqla, Rusiyan\u0131n bu torpaqlar \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 suverenliyi b\u0259rpa edildi. N\u0259hay\u0259t, qeyd etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, Belqrad S\u00fclh M\u00fcqavil\u0259si (madd\u0259 6) \u015eimali Qafqaz\u0131n bir hiss\u0259sind\u0259 d\u0259 v\u0259ziyy\u0259tin nizamlanmas\u0131na \u00f6z t\u00f6hf\u0259sini verdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Burada Belqrad s\u00fclh m\u00fcqavil\u0259sinin madd\u0259sini ona g\u00f6r\u0259 qeyd edirik ki, Rusiya-T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259ri sistemind\u0259 \u201ckabardinl\u0259r\u201d Rusiyan\u0131n Qara d\u0259niz\u0259 ir\u0259lil\u0259m\u0259si probleml\u0259ri il\u0259 s\u0131x ba\u011fl\u0131 idil\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130mperator Anna I Pyotrun f\u0259thl\u0259rini b\u0259rpa ed\u0259 bilm\u0259s\u0259 d\u0259, onun bu istiqam\u0259td\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rdiyi s\u0259yl\u0259r 1695 v\u0259 1696-c\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck monarx\u0131n qoydu\u011fu t\u0259kan\u0131n h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 s\u00f6nm\u0259diyini g\u00f6st\u0259rirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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S\u00f6zard\u0131:<\/mark> H\u0259r d\u0259f\u0259 tariximizin bu qaranl\u0131q s\u0259hif\u0259l\u0259rini oxuyark\u0259n, \u00abbelin q\u0131r\u0131ls\u0131n Balta\u00e7\u0131 Pa\u015fa\u00bb deyir\u0259m. S\u0259b\u0259bini bir daha xat\u0131rlad\u0131ram.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u018fslind\u0259 D\u0259li ayamal\u0131 I Pyotrun el\u0259 n\u0259h\u0259ng q\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259ri olmay\u0131b v\u0259 bu bir uydurmad\u0131r. Onun Poltovadak\u0131 q\u0259l\u0259b\u0259nin eyforiyas\u0131 v\u0259 xristiyan slavyanlar\u0131 \u00fcsyana t\u0259\u015fviq ed\u0259c\u0259yini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u0259r\u0259k, t\u00fcrkl\u0259r\u0259 h\u00fccum planlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bar\u0259d\u0259 tarixi m\u0259lumat\u0131 yazm\u0131\u015fd\u0131q.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir daha xat\u0131rlatmaq yerin\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u0259r. Pyotr \u00fcmid etdiyi kimi he\u00e7 n\u0259 ba\u015f verm\u0259di. Osmanl\u0131 ordusu \u00e7ox s\u00fcr\u0259tli h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t etdi v\u0259 Dunay \u00e7ay\u0131n\u0131 ke\u00e7di. 60 min \u0259sg\u0259r\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 140 minlik Osmanl\u0131 ordusunu g\u00f6r\u0259n Pyotr qa\u00e7maq ist\u0259s\u0259 d\u0259, m\u0259\u011flubiyy\u0259t qa\u00e7\u0131lmazd\u0131. Sayca \u00fcst\u00fcn olan Osmanl\u0131lar q\u0131sa m\u00fcdd\u0259td\u0259 rus ordusunu m\u00fchasir\u0259y\u0259 ald\u0131lar. \u0130yulun 20-d\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn Rus ordusu Dunay \u00e7ay\u0131na do\u011fru s\u0131x\u0131\u015fd\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Qa\u00e7ma\u011fa bel\u0259 yerl\u0259ri yox idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00f6y\u00fck Pyotr bu m\u00fchasir\u0259d\u0259n \u00e7\u0131x\u0131lmaz v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259n qurtulma\u011f\u0131n yollar\u0131n\u0131 axtar\u0131rd\u0131. Osmanl\u0131 ordusu son h\u00fccum \u0259mrini s\u0259birsizlikl\u0259 g\u00f6zl\u0259yirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u0259dr\u0259z\u0259m Balta\u00e7\u0131 Mehmed Pa\u015fa da h\u00fccum \u0259mri verm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn uy\u011fun an\u0131 g\u00f6zl\u0259m\u0259kd\u0259ydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu anda tarixin gedi\u015fat\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015fdir\u0259n bir \u015fey oldu. Pyotrun arvad\u0131, alman \u0259silli krali\u00e7a Yekaterina, Osmanl\u0131lara s\u00fclh t\u0259klif etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Balta\u00e7\u0131 Pa\u015fan\u0131n \u00e7adr\u0131na g\u0259ldi\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ruslar\u0131n bu g\u00fcn d\u0259 tuman\u0131na s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 alman \u00e7ari\u00e7a, \u015fair demi\u015f, \u00abrus tanklar\u0131n\u0131n girm\u0259diyi yer\u0259, y\u0259ni yata\u011fa girdi\u00bb. Gerisi t\u0259f\u0259rr\u00fcat\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131 s\u0259dr\u0259z\u0259minin sad\u0259 bir ka\u011f\u0131z par\u00e7as\u0131 il\u0259 v\u0259 Yekaterina il\u0259 yatmas\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 raz\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyildi. Ona v\u0259 onun yan\u0131nda olan m\u00fch\u00fcm d\u00f6vl\u0259t xadiml\u0259rin\u0259 z\u0259rg\u0259rlik, pul v\u0259 h\u0259diyy\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 dolu 7 araba g\u00f6nd\u0259rilmi\u015fdi. Bu puldan \u00f6z paylar\u0131n\u0131 alan Sadaret Keth\u00fcdas\u0131 Osman A\u011fa v\u0259 Sadaret m\u0259ktub da\u015f\u0131yan\u0131 \u00d6m\u0259r \u018ff\u0259ndi edam edildil\u0259r. Baltac\u0131 Mehmed Pa\u015fa Sultan III \u018fhm\u0259d t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n 20 noyabr 1711-ci ild\u0259 i\u015fd\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131ld\u0131 v\u0259 Maldilin\u0259 s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edildi. Baltac\u0131 Mehmed Pa\u015fa 1712-ci ild\u0259 v\u0259fat etdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu hadis\u0259yl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 m\u0259n e\u015fitdiyim \u0259hvalat bel\u0259dir: \u00abV\u0259ziyy\u0259tin \u00e7\u0131x\u0131lmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u0259n Yekaterina Balta\u00e7\u0131 Mehmed Pa\u015fan\u0131n \u00e7adr\u0131na g\u0259lir. Satlarca orada qal\u0131r. Arada g\u00f6z\u0259t\u00e7i yeni\u00e7\u0259ri g\u0259lir v\u0259 deyir ki, pa\u015fam, pa\u015fam Rusiya biz\u0259 h\u00fccuma ba\u015flad\u0131. Pa\u015fa deyir: \u00abQorxma \u0259sg\u0259r, b\u00fct\u00fcn Rusiya m\u0259nim yata\u011f\u0131mdad\u0131\u00bb\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Beli q\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Balta\u00e7\u0131 Pa\u015fa bir ulusun g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259yini \u00abbelini qorumad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn satd\u0131\u00bb. D\u0259li Pyotr xilas oldu v\u0259 faktiki b\u00f6y\u00fck q\u0259l\u0259b\u0259 \u0259ld\u0259n verildi\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Xaqani \u018fd\u0259bo\u011flu<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sizi \u00abTarixd\u0259n Faktlar\u00bb kanal\u0131nda getmi\u015f bir materialla tan\u0131\u015f edirik. 1739-cu il m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n Qara v\u0259 Azov d\u0259nizl\u0259ri \u0259razisind\u0259 yeni Rusiya s\u0259rh\u0259di. S\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259r\u0259 uy\u011fun olaraq.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-91161","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tarix"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/91161","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=91161"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/91161\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":91166,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/91161\/revisions\/91166"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=91161"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=91161"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=91161"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}