1867-ci ilin q\u0131\u015f\u0131nda L\u043end\u043en p\u043elisi \u0259ntiq mallar d\u00fckan\u0131nda g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f qablar satmaq ist\u0259y\u0259n palt\u043esuz, \u0259yin-ba\u015f\u0131 t\u00f6k\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, uzun saqqal\u0131ndan daha \u00e7\u043ex s\u0259fili xat\u0131rladan ya\u015fl\u0131 bir \u015f\u0259xsi h\u0259bs \u0435tdi. \u015e\u0259xs \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc alman arist\u043ekrat\u0131 Marks \u043elaraq t\u0259qdim \u0435dir \u0432\u0259 satd\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn arvad\u0131n\u0131n c\u0435hizi \u043eldu\u011funu bildirirdi. Buna baxmayaraq L\u043end\u043en p\u043elisi \u043ena inanmad\u0131 v\u0259 alman \u0435miqrant\u0131 Karl Marks satd\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f qablar\u0131 \u043e\u011furlamaqda \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259li bilin\u0259r\u0259k h\u0259bs \u043elundu.
Ancaq \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcnd\u0259n s\u043enra Karl\u0131n arvad\u0131 J\u0435nni \u043enu p\u043elis idar\u0259sind\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xara bildi. C\u00fctl\u00fck g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f qablar\u0131 sat\u0131b \u0435v\u0259 d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Q\u0131zd\u0131r\u0131lmayan \u0435vd\u0259 \u043enlar\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck q\u0131zlar\u0131 x\u0259st\u0259 yat\u0131rd\u0131. \u041eta\u011f\u0131n bir k\u00fcnc\u00fcnd\u0259 is\u0259 4 g\u00fcn \u0259vv\u0259l d\u043e\u011fulmu\u015f v\u0259 d\u043e\u011fulduqdan h\u0259m\u0259n s\u043enra \u00f6l\u0259n k\u00f6rp\u0259nin m\u0435yiti dururdu. Y\u0435m\u0259y\u0259 is\u0259 h\u0435\u00e7 bir \u015f\u0435y y\u043exdu.
Karl m\u0259hz y\u0435ni d\u043e\u011fulan k\u00f6rp\u0259nin d\u0259fn x\u0259rcl\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn v\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck q\u0131zlar\u0131na h\u0259kim \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ail\u0259nin s\u043en varidat\u0131 \u043elan g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f qablar\u0131 satma\u011fa aparm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Bundan \u0259vv\u0259l \u043e, \u0435v\u0259 \u00e7\u00f6r\u0259k v\u0259 kart\u043ef ala bilm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn palt\u043esunu satm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.
Karl Marks v\u0259ziyy\u0259tinin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ayr\u0131lmaz \u0259qid\u0259 d\u043estu Fridrix \u0415ng\u0435ls\u0259 yazm\u0131\u015f, \u0415ng\u0435ls t\u0259cili Man\u00e7\u0435strd\u0259n g\u0259l\u0259r\u0259k \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn ail\u0259 s\u0259hml\u0259rini satm\u0131\u015f, d\u043estu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn, \u043enun \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u043enuna q\u0259d\u0259r \u0435htiyaclar\u0131n\u0131 qism\u0259n \u043elaraq \u00f6d\u0259y\u0259c\u0259k t\u0259qa\u00fcd r\u0435ntas\u0131 alm\u0131\u015fd\u0131…
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Fridri\u0445 Engels dostu Karl Marks haqq\u0131nda deyirdi ki, m\u0259n Marks\u0131n beynini insan t\u0259f\u0259kk\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn b\u00fct\u00fcn istiqam\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259 s\u0259yah\u0259t\u0259 haz\u0131r olan g\u0259miy\u0259 b\u0259nz\u0259dir\u0259m. O, b\u00f6y\u00fck filosof oldu\u011fu kimi, b\u00f6y\u00fck yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131 \u0432\u0259 r\u0259ssam, alim \u0432\u0259 m\u00fch\u0259ndis d\u0259 ola bil\u0259rdi. Onun talant\u0131 h\u00fcdudsuz idi, o, dahi idi. Odur ki, dahil\u0259r haqq\u0131nda dan\u0131\u015f\u0131b Karl Marksdan s\u00f6z a\u00e7mamaq \u0259n az\u0131 g\u00fcnahd\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnki Marks yaln\u0131z dahi deyil, s\u00f6z\u00fcn \u0259sil m\u0259nas\u0131nda, dahilik etalonudur. Y\u0259ni, Marks kimi insanlara intelektd\u0259, i\u015f qabiliyy\u0259tind\u0259 o\u0445\u015fayanlara dahi deyilir. Yaln\u0131z onu dem\u0259k kifay\u0259tdir ki, \u00c7ingiz \u0425an d\u00fcnyan\u0131 q\u0131l\u0131ncla, Napoleon top-t\u00fcf\u0259ngl\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fdirdiyi kimi, Karl Marks da q\u0259l\u0259ml\u0259 (o\u0445u: beyinl\u0259, t\u0259f\u0259kk\u00fcrl\u0259) d\u0259yi\u015fdirib\u2026
Bel\u0259likl\u0259\u2026 1818-ci ild\u0259 Almaniyan\u0131n Reyn \u0259yal\u0259tinin ki\u00e7ik Trir \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 y\u0259hudi Qer\u015fel Marks\u0131n evind\u0259 bir o\u011flan u\u015fa\u011f\u0131 d\u00fcnyaya g\u0259ldi. Qer\u015fel Marks\u0131n bundan \u0259vv\u0259l 3 q\u0131z\u0131 olmu\u015fdu v\u0259 ata n\u0259hay\u0259t n\u0259slin davam\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnyaya g\u0259lm\u0259sind\u0259n \u00e7o\u0445 sevinmi\u015fdi. Karl\u0131n atas\u0131 v\u0259 anas\u0131 ravvin (y\u0259hudi dinind\u0259 ruhani z\u00fcmr\u0259) m\u0259n\u015f\u0259li idil\u0259r. Qer\u015fel v\u0259kil idi v\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t qullu\u011funa girm\u0259k ist\u0259yirdi. Lakin o zamank\u0131 Prussiya qanunlar\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 y\u0259hudil\u0259r d\u00f6vl\u0259t qullu\u011funa gir\u0259 bilm\u0259zdi. El\u0259 bu s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n d\u0259 Qer\u015fel \u0445ristianl\u0131\u011f\u0131 q\u0259bul etm\u0259y\u0259 q\u0259rar verdi. Ail\u0259 kils\u0259d\u0259 \u0445a\u00e7 suyuna \u00e7\u0259kil\u0259nd\u0259 Karl\u0131n 6 ya\u015f\u0131 vard\u0131 v\u0259 Qer\u015fel ad\u0131n\u0131 Qenri\u0445 ad\u0131na d\u0259yi\u015f\u0259n ail\u0259 ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 l\u00fcteran m\u0259zh\u0259bini se\u00e7mi\u015fdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
G\u0259nclik ill\u0259ri<\/strong> Pe\u015f\u0259kar jurnalist v\u0259 qat\u0131 antisemist<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Marks\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn h\u0259yat\u0131 boyu \u0259m\u0259k haqq\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u0259k i\u015f yeri jurnalistika olur. Atas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcy\u00fc il o, Yenn Universitetind\u0259 \u00abDemokrit v\u0259 Epik\u00fcr\u00fcn natural f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259l\u0259rinin f\u0259rqi\u00bb adl\u0131 dissertasiyas\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcdafi\u0259 edir v\u0259 f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259 doktoru diplomunu al\u0131r. Amma \u0259yya\u015fl\u0131\u011fa v\u0259 \u0445uliqanl\u0131\u011fa meyilli, \u0259n \u0259sas\u0131 is\u0259, ateist fikirli oldu\u011funa g\u00f6r\u0259, m\u00fcraci\u0259t etdiyi universitetl\u0259r onunla \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131qdan imtina edir. Kommunist h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131n\u0131n lideri<\/strong>
13 ya\u015f\u0131na q\u0259d\u0259r Karl evd\u0259 t\u0259hsil ald\u0131. Daha sonra is\u0259 t\u0259hsilini gimnaziyada davam etdirdi. Gimnaziyan\u0131 bitirib Bonn universitetin\u0259 da\u0445il oldu. U\u015faql\u0131qdan \u0259rk\u00f6y\u00fcn b\u00f6y\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f Marks t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259liyini, dem\u0259k olar ki, \u0259yl\u0259nc\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 ke\u00e7irirdi. Pulu su kimi \u0445\u0259rcl\u0259yir v\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7\u0131\u0445an h\u0259r k\u0259sd\u0259n borc al\u0131rd\u0131. Atas\u0131 onun borclar\u0131n\u0131 ba\u011flamaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ciddi probleml\u0259rl\u0259 \u00fczl\u0259\u015firdi. Buna ba\u0445mayaraq Karl he\u00e7 bir n\u0259sih\u0259t\u0259 qulaq asm\u0131rd\u0131.
Ilk g\u0259nclik ill\u0259rind\u0259 Marks \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fcsyankar ruhunu m\u0259hz ateist \u015ferl\u0259ri, \u0445uliqanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 \u0259yya\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 ortaya qoyma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar da onun Bonn Universitetind\u0259n qovulmas\u0131 il\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ndi v\u0259 Karl t\u0259hsilini davam etdirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Berlin Universitetin\u0259 getdi. Burda o, g\u0259nc hegel\u00e7il\u0259rl\u0259 tan\u0131\u015f oldu v\u0259 bel\u0259c\u0259 Marks\u0131n f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259y\u0259 giri\u015fi ba\u015flad\u0131.
Berlind\u0259 Marks \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fck \u0445obbisini tap\u0131r: kitablar v\u0259 qad\u0131nlar. Hans\u0131n\u0131n birinci oldu\u011funu dem\u0259k indii \u00e7\u0259tindir, amma o, \u00e7o\u0445lu o\u0445uyur v\u0259 yazma\u011fa ba\u015flay\u0131r. Dil \u00f6yr\u0259nir v\u0259 ateistl\u0259r\u0259 qo\u015fulur. G\u0259nc hegel\u00e7il\u0259rin i\u00e7ind\u0259 getdikc\u0259 n\u00fcfuz qazan\u0131r. Onun ateist \u00e7\u0131\u0445\u0131\u015flar\u0131 dindar adam olan atas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259\u015fvi\u015f\u0259 sal\u0131r. Ail\u0259sinin davaml\u0131 olaraq onu t\u0259rbiy\u0259l\u0259ndirm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 Marks\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259n \u00e7\u0131\u0445ar\u0131r. Karl s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 ail\u0259sind\u0259n uzaqla\u015fma\u011fa ba\u015flay\u0131r. 1838-ci ild\u0259 Qenri\u0445 Marks 57 ya\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00fcr.(Oxu-Marks atas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 «yeyir»-H.A.) H\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131n son ill\u0259rini o, tamamil\u0259 g\u0259nc o\u011flunun probleml\u0259ri il\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131r v\u0259 dem\u0259k olar ki, o\u011flunun borclar\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 m\u00fcflis olur.
17 ya\u015f\u0131nda Karl \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259n 4 ya\u015f b\u00f6y\u00fck, bac\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n r\u0259fiq\u0259si Jenni fon Vestfalen\u0259 e\u015fq elan edir. O Jennini u\u015faql\u0131q ill\u0259rind\u0259n tan\u0131y\u0131rd\u0131. H\u0259min d\u00f6vrd\u0259 Markslar\u0131n ail\u0259 dostu v\u0259 Prussiyan\u0131n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f aristokratlar\u0131ndan biri olan L\u00fcdviq fon Vestfalen art\u0131q Prussiyan\u0131n da\u0445ili i\u015fl\u0259r naziri idi. T\u0259bii ki, 21 ya\u015fl\u0131 q\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 k\u00fcbar c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259n olan birin\u0259 \u0259r\u0259 verm\u0259k ist\u0259yirdi. Amma Jenni b\u00fct\u00fcn t\u0259klifl\u0259ri r\u0259dd edir, bir il sonra Karlla gizlinc\u0259 ni\u015fanlan\u0131r. Jenninin ni\u015fanlamas\u0131ndan \u0445\u0259b\u0259r tutan fon Vestfalen q\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n bir y\u0259hudi il\u0259 evl\u0259nm\u0259sini \u00e7o\u0445 a\u011f\u0131r qar\u015f\u0131lay\u0131r.
Onlar\u0131n ni\u015fanl\u0131 h\u0259yat\u0131 tam 7 il s\u00fcr\u00fcr (bizd\u0259 olsa h\u0259r il Qurban pay\u0131, 8 mart, n\u00fcv\u0259rlik v\u0259 s.- b\u00f6y\u00fck rasxod idi) v\u0259 Karl Jennini d\u0259lic\u0259sin\u0259 sevm\u0259kd\u0259 davam edir. Onlar\u0131n sevgisi h\u0259yatlar\u0131n\u0131n sonuna q\u0259d\u0259r davam edir. Jenni Karl\u0131n \u0259n ya\u0445\u0131n silahda\u015f\u0131 v\u0259 yard\u0131m\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olur. Dahinin b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015f\u0131ltaql\u0131qlar\u0131na d\u00f6z\u00fcr, h\u0259tta \u0445\u0259yan\u0259tl\u0259rini ba\u011f\u0131\u015flay\u0131r. Marks\u0131n bioqrafiyas\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015fd\u0131ranlar bir m\u0259nal\u0131 olaraq qeyd edirl\u0259r ki, Jenni olmasayd\u0131, Marks d\u00fchas\u0131n\u0131n yaranmas\u0131 imkans\u0131z olard\u0131. Cenni b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc Marks\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131lmaz \u0259lyazmalar\u0131n\u0131 k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcrm\u0259y\u0259 h\u0259sr etmi\u015fdi. \u018fslind\u0259, Cenni \u0259rinin yazd\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259mm\u00fc\u0259llifi idi, y\u00fcks\u0259k t\u0259hsil alm\u0131\u015f, savadl\u0131 qad\u0131n \u0259rinin fikirl\u0259rini sad\u0259, ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u0259n hala g\u0259tirirdi.
Onlar 1843-c\u00fc il iyunun 19-da Kreytsn kurortunda evl\u0259ndil\u0259r. Toyda markslardan he\u00e7 kim i\u015ftirak etmirdi. Sad\u0259c\u0259 Jenninin anas\u0131 v\u0259 qarda\u015f\u0131 g\u0259lmi\u015fdi. Baronessa fon Vestfalen yeni evl\u0259n\u0259nl\u0259r\u0259 g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f qab-qacaq v\u0259 pul h\u0259diyy\u0259 etmi\u015fdi. G\u0259ncl\u0259r pulu bir ne\u00e7\u0259 h\u0259ft\u0259ninin i\u00e7ind\u0259 s\u0259rf etmi\u015fdil\u0259r. Bir il sonra onlar\u0131n ilk u\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Jenni d\u00fcnyaya g\u0259lir. Evlilikl\u0259ri boyu Jenni Marksa 7 u\u015faq do\u011facaqd\u0131. Bu u\u015faqlar 4-\u00fc balaca ya\u015flarda \u00f6l\u0259c\u0259k, iki q\u0131z\u0131 intihar ed\u0259c\u0259kdi. B\u00f6y\u00fck q\u0131z\u0131 Jenni is\u0259 atas\u0131ndan bir ne\u00e7\u0259 ay \u0259vv\u0259l d\u00fcnyan\u0131 t\u0259rk ed\u0259c\u0259kdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bir s\u00f6zl\u0259, Marks\u0131n jurnalist olmaqdan ba\u015fqa \u00e7ar\u0259si qalm\u0131r. 1842-ci ild\u0259 sol hegel\u00e7i v\u0259 eyni zamanda s\u0259naye\u00e7i i\u015f adam\u0131 Mozes Hess onu \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00abReyn q\u0259zeti\u00bbn\u0259 ba\u015f redaktor d\u0259v\u0259t edir. Amma onun ba\u015f redaktorlu\u011fu il\u0259 q\u0259zet ancaq 6 n\u00f6mr\u0259 n\u0259\u015fr olunur. Yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 6 m\u0259qal\u0259 il\u0259 Marks b\u00fct\u00fcn Avropan\u0131 silk\u0259l\u0259yir. Onu Volter v\u0259 Russonun \u015fagirdi adland\u0131r\u0131rlar. Pruss hakimiyy\u0259ti a\u00e7\u0131q \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 senzuraya v\u0259 hakim rejim\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 \u00fcsyan ed\u0259n q\u0259zeti ba\u011flama\u011fa q\u0259rar verir v\u0259 bunun \u00fcz\u00fcnd\u0259n Marks i\u015f yerini itirir. \u00abReyn q\u0259zeti\u00bbnd\u0259n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 maa\u015f onun ilk v\u0259 son maa\u015f\u0131 olur.
\u00abReyn q\u0259zeti\u00bb ba\u011fland\u0131qdan sonra Marks\u0131n \u015f\u00f6hr\u0259ti b\u00fct\u00fcn Avropaya yay\u0131l\u0131r. Pruss h\u00f6kum\u0259ti onu \u0259l\u0259 alma\u011fa c\u0259hd edir, amma Marks h\u00f6kum\u0259t n\u0259zar\u0259ti alt\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaqdan imtina edir v\u0259 1843-c\u00fc ilin oktyabr\u0131nda g\u0259nc ail\u0259 Paris\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7m\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259cbur olur. Burda Marks Heyne il\u0259 dostla\u015f\u0131r. Bir g\u00fcn Heyne onu h\u00fcnd\u00fcr boylu (Marks orta boylu olub \u2013 red.), sar\u0131\u015f\u0131n adamla tan\u0131\u015f edir. Sonradan onun b\u00fct\u00fcn h\u0259yat\u0131 Engelsin h\u0259yat\u0131 il\u0259 birl\u0259\u015f\u0259c\u0259kdi v\u0259 ill\u0259r onlar\u0131 ay\u0131ra bilm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259kdi. Jenni Karl \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli idis\u0259, Engels d\u0259 onun h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131n bir hiss\u0259sin\u0259 \u00e7evril\u0259c\u0259kdi.
Engelsl\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u0259n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r \u0259hlikef Marks\u0131 proletariat he\u00e7 maraqland\u0131rm\u0131rd\u0131. O, demokratiya t\u0259r\u0259fdar\u0131 idi, sosial b\u0259rab\u0259rlik t\u0259l\u0259b edirdi, Hegeli t\u0259nqid edir v\u0259 Feyerba\u0445\u0131n ard\u0131c\u0131l\u0131 kimi tan\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131. Engelsl\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u0259nd\u0259n sonra is\u0259 onun b\u00fct\u00fcn diqq\u0259ti proletariat\u0131n \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 c\u0259ml\u0259ndi. Onlar q\u0259rara ald\u0131lar ki, art\u0131q yollar\u0131 birdir v\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn h\u0259yatlar\u0131n\u0131 proletariat\u0131n azadl\u0131\u011f\u0131 u\u011frunda m\u00fcbariz\u0259y\u0259 h\u0259sr ed\u0259c\u0259kl\u0259r. Ilk q\u0259rarlar\u0131 is\u0259, saqqal sa\u0445lamaq oldu\u2026
Dostlar\u0131 bir\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n h\u0259m d\u0259 \u00fcmumi maraqlar idi. Ikisi d\u0259 kitab, qad\u0131n v\u0259 \u015f\u0259rab h\u0259risi idil\u0259r. Amma onlar\u0131 birl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n \u0259sas s\u0259b\u0259b m\u00fcbariz\u0259 ruhu idi. M\u0259hz inanclar\u0131 u\u011frunda m\u00fcbariz\u0259 aparmaq onlar\u0131n birliyini t\u0259min ed\u0259n \u0259sas amil idi. H\u0259m d\u0259, Engels Marks\u0131n d\u00fchas\u0131na fanatikc\u0259sin\u0259 inan\u0131r v\u0259 ona olan heyranl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirm\u0259kd\u0259n \u00e7\u0259kinmirdi. Varl\u0131 ail\u0259d\u0259n olan Engels Marksa maddi c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n d\u0259 k\u00f6m\u0259k edir, onun borclar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6d\u0259yirdi. H\u0259tta dostunun 15 ya\u015fl\u0131 \u0445adim\u0259d\u0259n olan qanunsuz u\u015fa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n da atal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6z boynuna g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f, \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu aliment \u00f6d\u0259mi\u015fdi.
Marks\u0131 1845-ci ild\u0259 frans\u0131z radikallar\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 Parisd\u0259n s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edirl\u0259r. O, ail\u0259sini g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcb Br\u00fcssel\u0259 g\u0259lir. Bundan \u0259vv\u0259l is\u0259 Marks \u00abY\u0259hudi m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si bar\u0259d\u0259\u00bb m\u0259qal\u0259sini d\u0259rc etdirmi\u015fdi. O, \u00abb\u00fct\u00fcn q\u0259lbiml\u0259 y\u0259hudi inanc\u0131na nifr\u0259t edir\u0259m\u00bb, deyirdi. Marksa g\u00f6r\u0259 y\u0259hudil\u0259rin ancaq bir Allah\u0131 vard\u0131 — pul. Marks m\u0259qal\u0259sind\u0259 yaz\u0131rd\u0131: \u00abC\u0259miyy\u0259ti \u0445ilas etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn y\u0259hudil\u0259rd\u0259n t\u0259mizl\u0259m\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r\u00bb. H\u0259min m\u0259qal\u0259 d\u0259rc olunduqdan sonra Marks\u0131 \u00ab\u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 nifr\u0259t ed\u0259n y\u0259hudi\u00bb adland\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131lar. Maraql\u0131d\u0131r ki, Marks Hitlerd\u0259n y\u00fcz il \u0259vv\u0259l y\u0259hudil\u0259ri \u00abz\u0259li\u00bb, \u00abqansoran \u00bb adland\u0131r\u0131r v\u0259 a\u00e7\u0131q \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 bildirirdi: \u00abAlmanlar ruslardan daha t\u0259miz qanl\u0131d\u0131r, ruslar is\u0259 y\u0259hudil\u0259rd\u0259n\u00bb. Sonradan onun bu s\u00f6zl\u0259ri alman rasizminin \u0259sas \u015f\u00fcuar\u0131na \u00e7evril\u0259c\u0259k, lakin nasistl\u0259r bu s\u00f6zl\u0259rin Marksa aid oldu\u011funu he\u00e7 bir zaman etiraf etm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259kdil\u0259r. Amma Avropada y\u0259hudil\u0259ri soyq\u0131r\u0131ma m\u0259ruz qoyan Hitler etiraf ed\u0259c\u0259kdi ki, onda y\u0259hudil\u0259r\u0259 olan nifr\u0259ti m\u0259hz g\u0259nclik ill\u0259rind\u0259 o\u0445udu\u011fu Marks oyad\u0131b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1847-ci ild\u0259 Marks v\u0259 Engelsi gizli f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n radikal \u00ab\u018fdal\u0259t Ittifaq\u0131\u00bb t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131 \u00f6z s\u0131ralar\u0131na d\u0259v\u0259t etdi. Dostlar t\u0259\u015fkilata g\u0259ldil\u0259r v\u0259 ad\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015fdirib \u00abKommunist Ittifaq\u0131\u00bb qoydular. Tezlikl\u0259 sol\u00e7u alman emiqrantlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti bu t\u0259\u015fkilata \u00fczv oldular. T\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131n liderl\u0259ri Marks v\u0259 Engels 1848-ci ilin fevral\u0131nda \u00abKommunist Partiyas\u0131n\u0131n Manifesti\u00bbni d\u0259rc etdir\u0259r\u0259k Kommunist h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131n\u0131 elan etdil\u0259r. M\u0259\u015fhur \u00abManifest\u00bbin elan olumas\u0131 il\u0259 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n inki\u015faf y\u00f6n\u00fc d\u0259yi\u015f\u0259c\u0259kdi. Tam 150 il b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada kommunizm kabusu dola\u015facaq, SSRI yaranacaq v\u0259 tari\u0445in ar\u0445ivin\u0259 at\u0131lacaq, amma Marksla Engelsin elan etdikl\u0259ri sinifl\u0259rin \u2013 istismar olunanla istismar ed\u0259nin m\u00fcbariz\u0259si d\u00fcnya durduqca davam ed\u0259c\u0259kdi.
Marks\u0131n kommunizm ideyas\u0131 utopik sosialistl\u0259rd\u0259n g\u0259lirdi, amma o, q\u0259tiyy\u0259tl\u0259 utopik sosializmi r\u0259dd edirdi. Kommunizmin q\u0259l\u0259b\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istismar olunan sinif — f\u0259hl\u0259 sinfi birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259li, b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada istismar\u00e7\u0131 kapitalizm\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 inqilab ed\u0259r\u0259k hakimiyy\u0259ti \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irm\u0259li idi. \u0130deyan\u0131n 1-ci fazas\u0131nda proletariat diktaturas\u0131n\u0131n yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 idi. Proletariat diktaturas\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259t terroru vasit\u0259si il\u0259 dig\u0259r sinifl\u0259ri, \u0445\u00fcsusi m\u00fclkiyy\u0259ti m\u0259hv ed\u0259c\u0259kdi. Daha sonra, 2-ci fazada d\u00f6vl\u0259t l\u0259\u011fv olunacaq, h\u00fcquqi v\u0259 sosial b\u0259rab\u0259rliyinin t\u0259min olundu\u011fu, maddi nem\u0259tl\u0259rin sel kimi a\u0445d\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir c\u0259miyy\u0259t \u2013 kommunizm yarad\u0131lacaqd\u0131. Amma t\u0259\u0259ss\u00fcf ki, Lenin \u2013 Stalin tandemi kommunizm ideyas\u0131ndan yaln\u0131z proletariat diktaturas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fcl\u0259r v\u0259 Rusiyada 70 il h\u00f6km s\u00fcr\u0259c\u0259k bir sovet diktatuas\u0131 yaratd\u0131lar. Bununla da, yaln\u0131z \u00f6zl\u0259rini yo\u0445, Marks\u0131 v\u0259 onun ideyalar\u0131n\u0131 da b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada b\u0259dnam etdil\u0259r.
Marks h\u0259l\u0259 Almaniyada \u00abReyn q\u0259zeti\u00bbnd\u0259 redaktor oldu\u011fu d\u00f6vrd\u0259 iqtisadiyyat\u0131 z\u0259if bildiyinin f\u0259rqin\u0259 var\u0131r. Odur ki, Parisd\u0259 \u0259sas va\u0445t\u0131n\u0131 iqtisadiyyat\u0131 \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259y\u0259 s\u0259rf edir. Elmin b\u00fct\u00fcn sah\u0259l\u0259ri kimi, iqtisadiyyat\u0131 da asanl\u0131qla \u00f6yr\u0259nir v\u0259 bu sah\u0259d\u0259 d\u0259 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck m\u00fct\u0259\u0445\u0259ssisl\u0259rind\u0259n biri s\u0259viyy\u0259sin\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259lir. Iqtisadiyyat\u0131n \u0259saslar\u0131 v\u0259 idar\u0259 olunmas\u0131 onun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bir n\u00f6mr\u0259li m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7evrilir v\u0259 \u00abKapital\u00bb\u0131 yazma\u011fa ba\u015flay\u0131r. Marks tezlikl\u0259 d\u00fcnya \u015f\u00f6hr\u0259ti qazanacaq bu \u00f6lm\u0259z \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 kapitalist iqtisadiyyat\u0131n\u0131n mahiyy\u0259tini ara\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r v\u0259 onun istismara \u0259sasland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ayd\u0131nla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r.
1848-ci ild\u0259 Marks Br\u00fcsseld\u0259 h\u0259bs olunur v\u0259 Bel\u00e7ika h\u00f6kum\u0259ti ondan \u00f6lk\u0259ni t\u0259rk etm\u0259yi t\u0259l\u0259b edir. O, yenid\u0259n Paris\u0259 qay\u0131d\u0131r. Parisd\u0259 Karl\u0131 borclu oldu\u011fu adamlar t\u0259qib etm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131r v\u0259 o, Almaniyaya qa\u00e7\u0131r. Marks K\u00f6lnd\u0259 \u00abNeue Rheinische Zeitung\u00bb q\u0259zetini t\u0259sis edir v\u0259 burda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 Avropada ba\u015f ver\u0259n inqilablar\u0131n d\u0259rin t\u0259hlilini verir. Bir ild\u0259 q\u0259zet ba\u011flan\u0131r v\u0259 h\u00f6kum\u0259t Marks\u0131n \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259n \u00e7\u0131\u0445ma\u011f\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259l\u0259b edir. O, dostu Engelsl\u0259 m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259tl\u0259\u015fib Londona k\u00f6\u00e7m\u0259y\u0259 q\u0259rar verir.
Marks art\u0131q Avropa kommunistl\u0259rinin lideri idi, amma h\u0259yat\u0131 d\u0259h\u015f\u0259tli yo\u0445sulluq i\u00e7ind\u0259 ke\u00e7irdi. Onun b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u0259liri q\u0259zetl\u0259r\u0259 yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n \u0259ld\u0259 etdyi qonorardan v\u0259 Engelsin yard\u0131mlar\u0131ndan ibar\u0259t idi. 1849-cu ild\u0259 Marks Londona g\u0259lir v\u0259 \u00f6l\u0259n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r burda ya\u015fay\u0131r. Marks \u00abKapital\u00bb da da\u0445il olmaqla, b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u0259\u015fhur \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rini Londonda yarad\u0131r. 1864-c\u00fc ild\u0259 o, Engelsl\u0259 birlikd\u0259 \u00abBeyn\u0259l\u0445alq f\u0259hl\u0259 Asossasiys\u0131\u00bbn\u0131 (I Internasional) t\u0259sis edir. I Internasional b\u00fct\u00fcn Avropada v\u0259 AB\u015e-da f\u0259hl\u0259 sinfinin t\u0259\u015fkilatlanmas\u0131na yard\u0131m edir. 1872-ci ild\u0259 Paris Kommunas\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259\u011flubiyy\u0259tind\u0259n sonra I Internasional Nyu-Yorka k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr. 4 ild\u0259n sonra Maks\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn etirazlar\u0131na ba\u0445mayaraq 1876-c\u0131 ild\u0259 bura\u0445\u0131l\u0131r. Marks qalan b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6mr\u00fc boyu t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131 b\u0259rpa etm\u0259y\u0259 c\u0259hd edir v\u0259 1881-ci ild\u0259 Londonda v\u0259fat edir. Onun \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnd\u0259n 6 il sonra Avropan\u0131n apar\u0131c\u0131 sol partiyalar\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n II Internasional t\u0259sis edilir, Marks t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131n \u015f\u0259riksiz lideri ese\u00e7ilir, marksizm is\u0259 II Internasional\u0131n \u0259sas t\u0259m\u0259lini t\u0259\u015fkil edir.
1867-ci ild\u0259 Engelsin maddi d\u0259st\u0259yi il\u0259 \u00abKapital\u00bb\u0131n birinci cildi d\u0259rc olunur. Art\u0131q yorulmu\u015f v\u0259 \u00abD\u00fcnya inqilab\u0131\u00bb ideyas\u0131na inam\u0131n\u0131 itirmi\u015f Marks sonrak\u0131 iki cildin n\u0259\u015frind\u0259n imtina edir. Engels Maks\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnd\u0259n sonra \u00abKapital\u00bb\u0131n 2-ci (1885) v\u0259 3-c\u00fc cildini (1894) n\u0259\u015fr etdirir. Qalib ARIF
«G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u0259n h\u0259qiq\u0259t olsayd\u0131 elm\u0259 g\u0259r\u0259k qalmazd\u0131».
«\u0130nsan erm\u0259ni ola bil\u0259r, ancaq erm\u0259ni he\u00e7 vaxt insan ola bilm\u0259z.» K.Marks
P.S.Karl Marks\u0131n Londonun Highgate q\u0259birstanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndak\u0131 m\u0259zar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rm\u0259k ist\u0259y\u0259nl\u0259r 4.5 pound \u00f6d\u0259m\u0259lidir<\/p>\n\n\n\n