H\u00fccumlar, m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 qrup se\u00e7imi sosial t\u0259kam\u00fcl\u00fcn h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tverici q\u00fcvv\u0259sidir.
Yer k\u00fcr\u0259sind\u0259 indiy\u0259d\u0259k t\u0259xmin\u0259n yar\u0131m milyard n\u00f6v canl\u0131 ya\u015fay\u0131b. V\u0259 bu n\u00f6vl\u0259rd\u0259n yaln\u0131z biri insan z\u0259kas\u0131 v\u0259 ictimai t\u0259\u015fkilat s\u0259viyy\u0259sin\u0259 \u00e7ata bilmi\u015fdir. Ba\u015fqa namiz\u0259d v\u0259 ya m\u00fcsabiq\u0259nin davam\u0131 olmayacaq. M\u0259\u015fhur bioloq Edvard Wilson \u201cEusociality\u201d adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda bu yar\u0131\u015fmada aqressiyan\u0131n m\u00fch\u00fcm rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcbut edir.
B\u0259\u015f\u0259riyy\u0259tin m\u0259n\u015f\u0259yi haqq\u0131nda bildikl\u0259rimizi daha yax\u015f\u0131 ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn filogenetik qarda\u015flar\u0131m\u0131za \u2013 \u015fimpanze v\u0259 bonobolara n\u0259z\u0259r salaq. Onlar\u0131n instinktiv davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259m\u0259xsus m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t\u0259 malikdir. \u015eimpanze v\u0259 bonobolar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131qlar\u0131 icmalardak\u0131 say\u0131 150-\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r olur. Onlar \u00f6z \u0259razil\u0259rini qorumaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00e7ox vaxt zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011fa \u0259l at\u0131rlar. H\u0259r bir icma 5-10 \u015fimpanze v\u0259 ya bonobodan ibar\u0259t olan altqruplara b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcr,\u00a0 \u00fczvl\u0259ri is\u0259 daim d\u0259yi\u015fir. Aqressiv davran\u0131\u015f h\u0259m icmalar aras\u0131nda, h\u0259m d\u0259 altqruplar aras\u0131nda ba\u015f ver\u0259 bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ad\u0259t\u0259n Afrika primatlar\u0131n\u0131n erk\u0259kl\u0259ri daha aqressiv olurlar, n\u0259inki di\u015fil\u0259ri. Onlar\u0131n \u0259sas m\u0259qs\u0259di altqrupda v\u0259 ya icmada \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck qazanmaqd\u0131r.
G\u0259nc erk\u0259kl\u0259r \u00f6z aralar\u0131nda partiyalar t\u0259\u015fkil edirl\u0259r v\u0259 toplu \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 dig\u0259r icmalar\u0131n n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 basq\u0131n edirl\u0259r. \u015eimpanzel\u0259rin bu davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 Mi\u00e7iqan Universitetinin professoru v\u0259 onun Uqandan\u0131n milli park\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan h\u0259mkarlar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015find\u0259 t\u0259svir edilmi\u015fdir. Bu m\u00fcharib\u0259 (daha do\u011frusu, s\u0259rh\u0259d reydl\u0259ri) 10 ild\u0259n \u00e7ox davam edib.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u00fct\u00f6vl\u00fckd\u0259 kampaniyan\u0131n gedi\u015fi t\u0259\u0259cc\u00fcbl\u00fc \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 insan\u0131n davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 xat\u0131rlad\u0131r. H\u0259r 10-14 g\u00fcnd\u0259n bir 20 erk\u0259k \u015fimpanzed\u0259n ibar\u0259t olan qrup, ba\u015fqa bir icman\u0131n \u0259razisin\u0259 soxulur. Onlar s\u00fctun \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t edirl\u0259r, \u0259razil\u0259ri yoxlay\u0131rlar, h\u0259r \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259li s\u0259sd\u0259n h\u0259y\u0259can ke\u00e7irirl\u0259r. Daha b\u00f6y\u00fck bir qrupla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fd\u00fckd\u0259, i\u015f\u011fal\u00e7\u0131lar sistemi pozaraq \u0259razil\u0259rin\u0259 geri \u00e7\u0259kilirl\u0259r. Qar\u015f\u0131lar\u0131na \u00e7\u0131xan \u015fimpanze erk\u0259kdirs\u0259, onu \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u0259r, di\u015fidirs\u0259 \u2013 burax\u0131rlar. \u018fslind\u0259, bu jest onlar\u0131n t\u0259rbiy\u0259sind\u0259n ir\u0259li g\u0259lmir. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n icmalar\u0131 aras\u0131ndak\u0131 d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fl\u0259r zaman\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcm \u00e7ox tez-tez olur ki, bu da bizim \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn uy\u011funla\u015fma instinkti say\u0131la bil\u0259r. Maraql\u0131d\u0131r ki, bel\u0259 m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259l\u0259r zaman\u0131 insanlar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm nisb\u0259ti \u015fimpanzel\u0259rin \u00f6l\u00fcm nisb\u0259tin\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259rdir.Q\u0259dim zamanlarda insanlar qohumlardan ibar\u0259t qruplarda ya\u015fay\u0131rd\u0131lar. Qohumluq v\u0259 evlilik yolu il\u0259 dig\u0259r qruplarla \u0259laq\u0259li olurdular. Biz qayda olaraq, q\u0259dim insanlar qorxaq, \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259li v\u0259 b\u0259z\u0259n dig\u0259r icmalara qar\u015f\u0131 aqressiv olurdular. Bir-birin\u0259 h\u00fccum ed\u0259r\u0259k \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u0259k adi hal idi. Yaranan koalisiya v\u0259 birlikl\u0259rin s\u0259viyy\u0259si insanlar\u0131 \u015fimpanze v\u0259 dig\u0259r primatlardan f\u0259rql\u0259ndir\u0259n \u0259sas x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri \u0259ks etdirir. G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr, t\u0259kam\u00fcl bu kimi koalisiya v\u0259 ittifaqlara \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck verir. Qrup n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r b\u00f6y\u00fckd\u00fcrs\u0259, daxilind\u0259ki yenilikl\u0259rin say\u0131 bir o q\u0259d\u0259r \u00e7ox olur. \u0130cma biliyi daha yava\u015f s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 deqradasiya edir, m\u0259d\u0259ni m\u00fcxt\u0259liflik is\u0259 daha do\u011fun v\u0259 uzunm\u00fcdd\u0259tli olur. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" H\u00fccumlar, m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 qrup se\u00e7imi sosial t\u0259kam\u00fcl\u00fcn h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tverici q\u00fcvv\u0259sidir.Yer k\u00fcr\u0259sind\u0259 indiy\u0259d\u0259k t\u0259xmin\u0259n yar\u0131m milyard n\u00f6v canl\u0131 ya\u015fay\u0131b. V\u0259 bu n\u00f6vl\u0259rd\u0259n yaln\u0131z biri insan z\u0259kas\u0131<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-94341","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-gundm"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/94341","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=94341"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/94341\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":94343,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/94341\/revisions\/94343"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=94341"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=94341"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=94341"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Bir \u00e7ox antropoloqlar \u015fimpanze aras\u0131ndak\u0131 s\u0259rh\u0259d at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n v\u0259 q\u0259tll\u0259rin insan t\u0259mas\u0131n\u0131n n\u0259tic\u0259si oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u0259r.<\/strong> Me\u015f\u0259l\u0259rin q\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 (y\u0259ni onlar\u0131n ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f yerinin m\u0259hv edilm\u0259si), yeni x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259rin yaranmas\u0131 (insan t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n g\u0259tirilir) v\u0259 insanlar\u0131n \u015fimpanzeni ovlamas\u0131, bu heyvanlar\u0131n davran\u0131\u015f\u0131na t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rib. Lakin b\u0259zi antropoloqlar t\u0259kam\u00fcl biologiyas\u0131na \u0259saslanan r\u0259qab\u0259tli f\u0259rziyy\u0259y\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259fdar \u00e7\u0131xaraq, primatlar\u0131n aqressiv davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 genetik uy\u011funla\u015fma kimi qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirirl\u0259r.
2014-c\u00fc ild\u0259 antropoloqlar\u0131n v\u0259 bioloqlar\u0131n beyn\u0259lxalq kollektivi, \u015fimpanzenin t\u00f6r\u0259tdiyi cinay\u0259tl\u0259r haqq\u0131nda bir \u0259s\u0259r n\u0259\u015fr etmi\u015fdir. M\u0259lum oldu ki, h\u00fccumlar\u0131n 90%-d\u0259n \u00e7oxu erk\u0259kl\u0259rin pay\u0131na d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr v\u0259 bu h\u00fccumlar\u0131n 2\/3 hiss\u0259si dig\u0259r icmalar\u0131n m\u0259hv edilm\u0259sin\u0259 y\u00f6n\u0259ldilmi\u015fdir. Aqressivliyin d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259si m\u00fcxt\u0259lif icmalarda \u00e7ox f\u0259rqli olsa da, onun insan f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259li oldu\u011funu s\u00fcbut ed\u0259n d\u0259lil a\u015fkar edilm\u0259di. G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr, \u015fimpanze icmas\u0131nda s\u0259rh\u0259d m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259sind\u0259 qalib olmaq sa\u011f qalma v\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fcm\u0259 \u015fanslar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r. Ba\u015fqa s\u00f6zl\u0259 des\u0259k, \u015fimpanzel\u0259rd\u0259 m\u00fcharib\u0259 qrup se\u00e7imini stimulla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tel-\u018fviv Universitetinin t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olan Azar Gat yaz\u0131r: \u201cAvstraliya \u0259razisind\u0259 ya\u015fayan aborigenl\u0259rin verdiyi m\u0259lumata \u0259sas\u0259n, insanlar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n k\u00fctl\u0259vi d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fl\u0259r zaman\u0131 zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n t\u0259tbiqi b\u00fct\u00fcn sosial s\u0259viyy\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259, ist\u0259nil\u0259n s\u0131xl\u0131qda, \u0259n sad\u0259 ictimai t\u0259\u015fkilat \u015f\u0259raitind\u0259 m\u00f6vcud olub\u201d.
\u0130nsanlar\u0131n v\u0259 \u015fimpanzel\u0259rin davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 aras\u0131nda ox\u015farl\u0131q \u00e7ox olsa da, f\u0259rdi s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 insanlar\u0131n davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 daha m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259bdir. Daha \u0259trafl\u0131 t\u0259svirl\u0259r Napoleon Chanion v\u0259 dig\u0259r antropoloqlar\u0131n Amazon h\u00f6vz\u0259sinin \u015fimal\u0131nda ya\u015fayan Yanomo q\u0259bil\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259li \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259 t\u0259qdim olunur. T\u0259cav\u00fczkar f\u0259aliyy\u0259t \u0259razi xarakterlidir \u2013 y\u0259ni, k\u0259ndl\u0259r \u00e7ox vaxt bir-biri il\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 apar\u0131rlar v\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 \u0259halisi 40 n\u0259f\u0259rd\u0259n az olan inzibati \u0259razi b\u00f6lg\u00fcl\u0259ri da\u011f\u0131l\u0131rlar. F\u0259rdi m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259r m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259bl\u0259\u015fdikc\u0259 bir-biri il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259li olan qruplar\u0131n strukturu pozulur. \u00c7ox vaxt f\u0259rqli k\u0259ndl\u0259rd\u0259 ya\u015fayan v\u0259 yax\u015f\u0131n qohum olmayan \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r koalisiya yarad\u0131rlar. Birlikd\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259nl\u0259ri \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u0259r\u0259k onlar qohumlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda n\u00fcfuz qazan\u0131rlar v\u0259 unokai adl\u0131 kastan\u0131n \u00fczvl\u0259rin\u0259 \u00e7evrilirl\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n