{"id":95767,"date":"2023-10-18T11:09:21","date_gmt":"2023-10-18T07:09:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=95767"},"modified":"2023-10-18T11:09:22","modified_gmt":"2023-10-18T07:09:22","slug":"boyukl%c9%99rin-usaqlara-munasib%c9%99tini-d%c9%99yis%c9%99n-adam-yanus-korcak","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=95767","title":{"rendered":"B\u00f6y\u00fckl\u0259rin u\u015faqlara m\u00fcnasib\u0259tini d\u0259yi\u015f\u0259n adam — Yanu\u015f Kor\u00e7ak"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Dahil\u0259r var ki, \u00f6l\u00fcml\u0259ril\u0259 b\u0259\u015f\u0259riyy\u0259t\u0259 insanl\u0131q d\u0259rsi ke\u00e7irl\u0259r. 20-ci \u0259srin sonu 21-ci \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 t\u0259hsild\u0259 humanizm t\u0259limi, \u0259slind\u0259 onun g\u0259rgin \u0259m\u0259yinin v\u0259 beyninin m\u0259hsuludur. Bu g\u00fcn geni\u015f \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 t\u0259tbiq olunan t\u0259hsild\u0259 humanist m\u00fcnasib\u0259tin banil\u0259rind\u0259n olan Yanu\u015f Kor\u00e7ak minl\u0259rl\u0259 Y\u0259hudi insan\u0131 kimi \u00f6l\u00fcm d\u00fc\u015f\u0259rg\u0259sind\u0259 m\u0259hv edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yanu\u015f Kor\u00e7ak b\u00f6y\u00fckl\u0259rin u\u015faqlara qar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rini d\u0259yi\u015f\u0259n ilk pedaqoqlardan idi. Onun \u0259sas i\u015fi u\u015faqlar\u0131n da b\u00f6y\u00fckl\u0259r q\u0259d\u0259r h\u00f6rm\u0259t\u0259 layiq olduqlar\u0131n\u0131 vur\u011fulamaq idi. H\u0259r u\u015fa\u011f\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259m\u0259xsus yolu, istedad\u0131 v\u0259 t\u0259rzi oldu\u011funu bildirirdi. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kor\u00e7ak\u0131n \u0259d\u0259bi irsi 24 kitab, m\u00fcxt\u0259lif jurnallarda d\u0259rc olunmu\u015f 1400-d\u0259n \u00e7ox m\u0259qal\u0259d\u0259n ibar\u0259tdir. Onun \u201cU\u015fa\u011f\u0131 nec\u0259 sevm\u0259li\u201d (1902), \u201cT\u0259rbiy\u0259 m\u0259qamlar\u0131 \u201d (1924), \u201cBird\u0259 u\u015faq olsam\u201d (1925), \u201cU\u015fa\u011f\u0131n h\u00f6rm\u0259t h\u00fcququ\u201d (1929), \u201cZarafat\u00e7\u0131l pedaqogika\u201d (1939) kimi pedaqoji \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri var. U\u015faqlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn kitablar\u0131: \u201cKral Birinci Mat\u201d v\u0259 \u201cKral Mat \u0259halisiz adada\u201d (1923), \u201cBalaca Cekin m\u00fcfl\u00fcsl\u00fcy\u00fc\u201d (1924), \u201cH\u0259yat\u0131n qaydalar\u0131\u201d ( 1930), \u00abKaytu\u015f sehrbaz\u00bb (1935). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00fc\u0259llifin \u201cB\u00f6y\u00fck insanlar\u0131n h\u0259yatlar\u0131 \u0259fsan\u0259y\u0259 b\u0259nz\u0259yir \u2014 \u00e7\u0259tin v\u0259 g\u00f6z\u0259l\u201d s\u00f6zl\u0259rini el\u0259 onun \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 d\u0259 aid etm\u0259k olar. Asimlyasiya olmu\u015f y\u0259hudi \u0259silli h\u0259kim, pedaqoq, yazar Yanu\u015f Kor\u00e7ak\u0131n \u0259sl ad\u0131 Henrik Qoldzmikdir. O, Var\u015favada h\u00fcquq\u015f\u00fcnas ail\u0259sind\u0259 do\u011fulmu\u015fdu. Atas\u0131 1896-c\u0131 ild\u0259 \u00f6ld\u00fckd\u0259n sonra ail\u0259 tamamil\u0259 g\u0259lirsiz qal\u0131r v\u0259 Kor\u00e7ak m\u0259cbur olur ki, f\u0259rdi d\u0259rsl\u0259r ver\u0259r\u0259k ail\u0259ni \u2014 anas\u0131, bac\u0131s\u0131 v\u0259 n\u0259n\u0259sini- maddi c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n t\u0259min etsin. Ba\u015f\u0131 ail\u0259ni doland\u0131rma\u011fa qar\u0131\u015fan Kor\u00e7ak burax\u0131l\u0131\u015f imtahan\u0131n\u0131 20 ya\u015f\u0131nda ver\u0259 bilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1898-ci ild\u0259 Var\u015favada \u0130mperator Universitetinin Tibb Fakult\u0259sin\u0259 q\u0259bul olur. El\u0259 h\u0259min ild\u0259 \u0259d\u0259biyyat \u00fczr\u0259 m\u00fcsabiq\u0259d\u0259 i\u015ftirak etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ilk yaz\u0131s\u0131 \u201cHans\u0131 yol il\u0259?\u201d dram \u0259s\u0259rini yollay\u0131r, t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259 olmas\u0131 s\u0259b\u0259biyl\u0259 m\u00fcsabiq\u0259d\u0259 i\u015ftirak ed\u0259 bilm\u0259zdi v\u0259 o, da bundan sonra daim i\u015fl\u0259d\u0259c\u0259yi t\u0259x\u0259ll\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc Y. \u0130. Kra\u015fevskinin \u201cYana\u015f Kor\u00e7ak v\u0259 g\u00f6z\u0259l q\u0131l\u0131ncdar xan\u0131m haqda\u201d hekay\u0259sind\u0259n g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr. Bu ill\u0259r \u0259rzind\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif dig\u0259r t\u0259x\u0259ll\u00fcsl\u0259r alt\u0131nda jurnal v\u0259 q\u0259zetl\u0259rl\u0259 \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q edir, yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6nd\u0259rir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

1904-c\u00fc ild\u0259 universiteti bitirir, u\u015faq x\u0259st\u0259xanas\u0131nda pediatr i\u015fl\u0259yir. Rus-Yapon m\u00fcharib\u0259si m\u00fcdd\u0259tind\u0259, orduda h\u0259rbi h\u0259kim kimi \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. M\u00fcharib\u0259d\u0259n sonra Var\u015favaya qay\u0131d\u0131r v\u0259 burada i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 davam edir. Kor\u00e7ak 1908-ci ild\u0259 Yetim U\u015faqlara Yard\u0131m C\u0259miyy\u0259tin\u0259 qo\u015fulur v\u0259 burada g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k \u0259m\u0259kda\u015f\u0131 Stefania Vil\u00e7zinka il\u0259 tan\u0131\u015f olur. 1911-1912-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 Var\u015favada \u00f6z\u00fc t\u0259sis etdiyi yetim Y\u0259hudi u\u015faqlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u201cDom Sierot\u201d adl\u0131 k\u00f6rp\u0259l\u0259r evin\u0259 r\u0259hb\u0259rlik edir v\u0259 Vil\u00e7zinkan\u0131 da i\u015f\u0259 d\u0259v\u0259t edir. Burada \u00f6z\u00fc formala\u015fd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u0259lim sistemini s\u0131naqdan ke\u00e7irir: bir n\u00f6v u\u015faqlar\u0131n \u00f6z parlamentl\u0259ri, m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259l\u0259ri, q\u0259zetl\u0259ri olan u\u015faq respublikas\u0131 yarad\u0131r. Daha h\u0259kim kimi az f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Birinci D\u00fcnya M\u00fcharib\u0259si zaman\u0131 1914-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Kor\u00e7ak leytenant r\u00fctb\u0259sil\u0259 orduda h\u0259rbi h\u0259kimlik edir. Pol\u015fa- Sovet M\u00fcharib\u0259si d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 d\u0259 (1919- 1920) Pol\u015fa ordusunda xidm\u0259t edir, lakin ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 z\u0259d\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n sonra ordunu t\u0259rk etm\u0259li olur v\u0259 Var\u015favaya geri d\u00f6n\u00fcr. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

1926-c\u0131 ild\u0259 \u201cMa\u0142y Przegl\u0105d\u201d (Q\u0131sa X\u00fclas\u0259) adl\u0131 h\u0259ft\u0259lik q\u0259zet burax\u0131r, q\u0259zet bir n\u00f6v Polyak-Y\u0259hudi q\u0259zeti olan \u201cNasz Przegl\u0105d\u201d (Bizim X\u00fclas\u0259) q\u0259zetin\u0259 \u0259lav\u0259 idi, buradak\u0131 yaz\u0131lar u\u015faqlar\u0131n dili il\u0259 u\u015faqlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u0259rc edilirdi. Bu arada u\u015faqlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cKral Birinci Mat\u201d v\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fckl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulan \u201cU\u015fa\u011f\u0131 nec\u0259 sevm\u0259li\u201d kitablar\u0131 art\u0131q \u0259d\u0259bi u\u011fur qazanaraq tan\u0131nma\u011fa v\u0259 oxucu k\u00fctl\u0259si qazanma\u011fa ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

1930-cu ild\u0259 Kor\u00e7ak\u0131n art\u0131q \u00f6z radio proqram\u0131 da vard\u0131, lakin 30-cu ill\u0259rd\u0259 artmaqda olan antisemit fikirl\u0259rin ard\u0131c\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259siril\u0259 verili\u015f l\u0259\u011fv olunur. 1934-1936- c\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 F\u0259l\u0259stin\u0259 s\u0259yah\u0259t edir, lakin orada uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259t qalmaq ist\u0259m\u0259y\u0259r\u0259k geri d\u00f6n\u00fcr. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

1939- cu ild\u0259 \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya M\u00fcharib\u0259si ba\u015flayanda Kor\u00e7ak Var\u015favada \u00f6z t\u0259rbiy\u0259 etdiyi u\u015faqlar\u0131 il\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259r idi. O, Nasistl\u0259rin Pol\u015fan\u0131n paytaxt\u0131n\u0131 nec\u0259 i\u015f\u011fal etdikl\u0259rin\u0259 \u015fahid olur, m\u00fcharib\u0259y\u0259 k\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc qo\u015fulmaq ist\u0259s\u0259 d\u0259, ya\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 q\u0259bul etmirl\u0259r. Nasistl\u0259r 1940-c\u0131 ild\u0259 Var\u015favada Getto yaradanda, onun Yetiml\u0259r Evi d\u0259 m\u0259cbur\u0259n oraya k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Kor\u00e7ak u\u015faqlar\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259rk etm\u0259d\u0259n, onlarla birlikd\u0259 gettoya k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Deyil\u0259n\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, bir SS ofiseri Kor\u00e7ak\u0131 tan\u0131y\u0131r v\u0259 ona qa\u00e7\u0131b aradan \u00e7\u0131xmaqda k\u00f6m\u0259k ed\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259yini s\u00f6yl\u0259yir, lakin dahi \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259t bundan imtina edir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ba\u015fqa bir s\u00f6yl\u0259ntiy\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, Nasist dair\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 Kor\u00e7akla ba\u011fl\u0131 x\u00fcsusi t\u0259yinat olur, onlar onu \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u0259k ist\u0259mirl\u0259rmi\u015f. H\u0259r halda, fakt budur ki, Kor\u00e7ak Gettoda u\u015faqlar\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259rk etmir v\u0259 onlarla birg\u0259 \u00f6lm\u0259yi g\u00f6z\u0259 al\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

1942-ci il, Avqustun 5-i (v\u0259 ya 6-s\u0131) alman \u0259sg\u0259rl\u0259ri 192 (b\u0259zi m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 196) u\u015faq v\u0259 12 m\u00fc\u0259llimi Treblinka \u00f6l\u00fcm d\u00fc\u015f\u0259rg\u0259sin\u0259 aparmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn g\u0259lir. Kor\u00e7ak da u\u015faqlar\u0131n\u0131 atmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6n\u0259-d\u00f6n\u0259 t\u0259krarlayaraq onlarla birlikd\u0259 \u00f6l\u00fcm d\u00fc\u015f\u0259rg\u0259sin\u0259 gedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kor\u00e7ak\u0131n \u0259n m\u0259h\u015fur s\u00f6z\u00fc bu idi: \u201cU\u015faq yoxdur, insan var!\u201d
Bug\u00fcn Yanu\u015f Kor\u00e7ak\u0131n pedaqoji irsind\u0259n v\u0259 humanist d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259n istifad\u0259 etm\u0259k h\u0259r bir valideynin, t\u0259hsil oca\u011f\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7isinin borcu olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtube.com\/watch?v=UKmPlzjJI5I%3Fwmode%3Dopaque\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ayg\u00fcn Qurbanl\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dahil\u0259r var ki, \u00f6l\u00fcml\u0259ril\u0259 b\u0259\u015f\u0259riyy\u0259t\u0259 insanl\u0131q d\u0259rsi ke\u00e7irl\u0259r. 20-ci \u0259srin sonu 21-ci \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 t\u0259hsild\u0259 humanizm t\u0259limi, \u0259slind\u0259 onun g\u0259rgin \u0259m\u0259yinin v\u0259 beyninin m\u0259hsuludur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-95767","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-gundm"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/95767","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=95767"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/95767\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":95770,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/95767\/revisions\/95770"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=95767"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=95767"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=95767"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}