![\"\"\/](\"https:\/\/azerbaijan.az\/uploads\/news-files\/melumatlar\/Din\/DSC_9967.jpg\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n\u00c7oxallahl\u0131l\u0131qla ba\u011fl\u0131 inanclar\u0131n m\u0259cmusu kimi b\u00fctp\u0259r\u0259stlik ibtidai dinl\u0259rin z\u0259minind\u0259 yaranm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259halisinin b\u00fctp\u0259rstlik t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcrl\u0259rinin k\u00f6kl\u0259ri \u00e7ox q\u0259diml\u0259r\u0259 gedib \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r v\u0259 animizm, feti\u015fizm, totemizm, \u015famanl\u0131qdan tutmu\u015f tanr\u0131\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011fa q\u0259d\u0259r m\u00fcxt\u0259lif xalq inanclar\u0131n\u0131 ehtiva edir. Filoloji v\u0259 etnoqrafik ara\u015fd\u0131rmalar \u00f6lk\u0259 \u0259razisind\u0259 b\u00fctp\u0259r\u0259stliyin m\u0259nz\u0259r\u0259sini yaratma\u011fa imkan verir. Arxeoloji qaz\u0131nt\u0131lar X\u0131n\u0131sl\u0131, Da\u011fkolan\u0131, \u00c7\u0131raql\u0131da q\u0259dim tarix\u0259 malik iri da\u015f b\u00fctl\u0259r, \u0130smay\u0131ll\u0131da antropomorf fiqurlar, Ming\u0259\u00e7evird\u0259 gil heyk\u0259ll\u0259r a\u015fkar etmi\u015fdir. D\u0259d\u0259 Qorqud dastanlar\u0131nda tanr\u0131\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q inanclar\u0131na aid n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259r tapmaq m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u00fctp\u0259r\u0259stlikl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 ayin\u00e7ilik \u00e7ox vaxt sintez hal\u0131nda t\u0259msil olunmu\u015fdur, y\u0259ni inanclar bir-birind\u0259n az f\u0259rql\u0259nmi\u015f, biri dig\u0259rind\u0259n t\u0259sirl\u0259nmi\u015f, bir-birini tamamlayaraq b\u00f6lg\u0259 \u0259halisinin m\u0259n\u0259vi d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259r sisteminin t\u0259\u015f\u0259kk\u00fcl\u00fcnd\u0259 birg\u0259 i\u015ftirak etmi\u015fdir. Q\u0259dim Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259razisind\u0259 \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f \u0259cdadlar\u0131n ruhlar\u0131na, qayalara v\u0259 a\u011faclara (qay\u0131n, pal\u0131d v\u0259 s.), m\u00fcxt\u0259lif t\u0259bi\u0259t hadis\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 v\u0259 s\u0259ma cisiml\u0259rin\u0259 p\u0259r\u0259sti\u015f g\u00fccl\u00fc olmu\u015fdur. Strabon Qafqaz albanlar\u0131n\u0131n G\u00fcn\u0259\u015f\u0259, Aya, G\u00f6y\u0259 sitayi\u015f etdikl\u0259ri bar\u0259d\u0259 x\u0259b\u0259r verir. Tanr\u0131 xan ad\u0131 il\u0259 tan\u0131nan pal\u0131d a\u011fac\u0131na da p\u0259r\u0259sti\u015f edilir, at qurban k\u0259silirdi. Movses Kalankatvasi Alban h\u00f6kmdarlar\u0131n\u0131n xristianl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaymaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn b\u00fctp\u0259r\u0259stliy\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015flar\u0131, a\u011fac b\u00fctl\u0259ri k\u0259sib atmalar\u0131 bar\u0259d\u0259 m\u0259lumat verir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bir \u00e7ox \u015e\u0259rq xalqlar\u0131 kimi q\u0259dim az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131lar aras\u0131nda da kainat\u0131n d\u00f6rd \u0259sas \u00fcns\u00fcrd\u0259n \u2014 torpaq, hava, su v\u0259 oddan ibar\u0259t oldu\u011fu bar\u0259d\u0259 t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcrl\u0259r geni\u015f yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. At\u0259\u015fp\u0259r\u0259stlik d\u0259 bu t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcrl\u0259rl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 inanclar z\u0259minind\u0259 meydana \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259razisind\u0259 m\u0259skunla\u015fan \u0259halinin b\u00f6y\u00fck bir qismi odu m\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259sl\u0259\u015fdirmi\u015f, ona sitayi\u015f etmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Odun h\u0259r c\u00fcr \u00e7irkinliyi, r\u0259zal\u0259ti yox etdiyin\u0259, insanlara t\u0259mizlik g\u0259tirdiyin\u0259 inam b\u0259sl\u0259nmi\u015fdir. Novruz bayram\u0131 il\u0259 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u0259d\u0259k g\u0259lib \u00e7atan od ayin v\u0259 m\u0259rasiml\u0259ri Az\u0259rbaycanda at\u0259\u015fp\u0259r\u0259stliyin g\u00fccl\u00fc \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259ri oldu\u011funu g\u00f6st\u0259rir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
At\u0259\u015fp\u0259r\u0259stl\u0259rin m\u0259b\u0259di At\u0259\u015fgah adlan\u0131r. Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259razisind\u0259 Atropatenan\u0131n dini m\u0259rk\u0259zi Qazakada, Bak\u0131, \u015eamax\u0131, Salyan v\u0259 L\u0259nk\u0259randa at\u0259\u015fg\u0259d\u0259l\u0259r olmu\u015fdur. Suraxan\u0131dak\u0131 at\u0259\u015fgah Hindistandan g\u0259l\u0259n at\u0259\u015fp\u0259r\u0259stl\u0259r\u0259 xidm\u0259t \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn 18-ci \u0259srd\u0259 tikilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Qafqaz Albaniyas\u0131nda at\u0259\u015fp\u0259r\u0259stlik xristianl\u0131q t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u0259qib\u0259 m\u0259ruz qalsa da, m\u00f6vcudlu\u011funu qoruyub saxlaya bilmi\u015fdir. \u0130slam\u0131n Az\u0259rbaycana g\u0259li\u015fi il\u0259 at\u0259\u015fp\u0259r\u0259stlik t\u0259dric\u0259n \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tini itirmi\u015f v\u0259 aradan qalxm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Z\u0259rd\u00fc\u015ftl\u00fck<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Z\u0259rd\u00fc\u015ftl\u00fck at\u0259\u015fp\u0259r\u0259stliyin i\u00e7ind\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xsa da, m\u00fcst\u0259qil din kimi meydana g\u0259lmi\u015fdir. M.Boys z\u0259rd\u00fc\u015ftiliyin V\u0259hy dinl\u0259rind\u0259n \u0259n q\u0259dimi oldu\u011funu qeyd edir. Bu dinin m\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s kitab\u0131 Z\u0259nd-Avestaya daxil olan Qatalar din m\u00fc\u0259llimi v\u0259 pey\u011f\u0259mb\u0259r Z\u0259rd\u00fc\u015ft\u0259 (e.\u0259. VI \u0259sr) s\u0259madan nazil edilmi\u015fdir. B\u0259zi m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rilir ki, Z\u0259rd\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcn atas\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycandan olmu\u015fdur. Z\u0259rd\u00fc\u015ftiliy\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, d\u00fcnyada iki ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c \u2014 Xeyir v\u0259 \u015e\u0259r ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131clar\u0131 m\u00f6vcuddur v\u0259 bunlar daima bir-biril\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 apar\u0131r. \u0130\u015f\u0131q, Xeyir v\u0259 \u018fdal\u0259t d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 H\u00f6rm\u00fczd (Ahura-Mazda), Qaranl\u0131q, \u015e\u0259r v\u0259 Z\u00fclm d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 \u018fhrim\u0259n (Ahura-Manyu) t\u0259c\u0259ss\u00fcm etdirir. Bu m\u00fcbariz\u0259d\u0259 son t\u0259qdird\u0259 Xeyir qalib g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k v\u0259 H\u00f6rm\u00fczd\u00fcn \u015e\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 Z\u00fclm\u0259t\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 f\u0259al ard\u0131c\u0131llar\u0131 axir\u0259t s\u0259ad\u0259tin\u0259 qovu\u015facaqlar. Axir\u0259t s\u0259ad\u0259ti, g\u00fcnah v\u0259 savab haqq\u0131nda t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcrl\u0259r z\u0259rd\u00fc\u015ftiliyin yetkin din oldu\u011funa d\u0259lal\u0259t edir. Z\u0259rd\u00fc\u015ft insanlar\u0131 daha \u0259dal\u0259tli, daha t\u0259miz olma\u011fa, h\u0259r c\u00fcr nat\u0259mizliy\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 aparma\u011fa \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Z\u0259rd\u00fc\u015fti \u0259qid\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 od m\u00fch\u00fcm yer tuturdu v\u0259 buna g\u00f6r\u0259 z\u0259rd\u00fc\u015ftil\u0259ri \u00e7ox vaxt at\u0259\u015fp\u0259r\u0259st hesab edirl\u0259r. Z\u0259rd\u00fc\u015ftil\u0259r \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f adamlar\u0131n c\u0259s\u0259dl\u0259rini murdar hesab etdikl\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn torpa\u011fa tap\u015f\u0131rm\u0131r, da\u011flarda haz\u0131rlad\u0131qlar\u0131 x\u00fcsusi yerl\u0259rd\u0259 saxlay\u0131rd\u0131lar ki, qurd-qu\u015f yesin. Yaln\u0131z bundan sonra t\u0259mizl\u0259nmi\u015f s\u00fcm\u00fckl\u0259r y\u0131\u011f\u0131laraq d\u0259fn edilirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Z\u0259rd\u00fc\u015fti \u0259qid\u0259l\u0259ri e.\u0259. III \u0259srd\u0259n etibar\u0259n ehkam s\u0259ciyy\u0259si da\u015f\u0131ma\u011fa ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259razisind\u0259 D\u0259rb\u0259nd\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r z\u0259rd\u00fc\u015ftilik sasanil\u0259rin h\u0259rbi-siyasi u\u011furlar\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 olaraq yay\u0131lma\u011fa ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Yeni dinin t\u0259bli\u011fi m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 bu \u0259razil\u0259r\u0259 iranl\u0131 z\u0259rd\u00fc\u015ftil\u0259r k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc. Eyni zamanda Az\u0259rbaycanda z\u0259rd\u00fc\u015ftilik yerli x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259r d\u0259 k\u0259sb etmi\u015fdir. Qafqaz albanlar\u0131 \u00f6l\u0259nl\u0259ri il\u0259 birlikd\u0259 onlar\u0131n sa\u011f ik\u0259n istifad\u0259 etdikl\u0259ri b\u0259z\u0259k \u0259\u015fyalar\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 qab-qacaqlar\u0131n\u0131 da d\u0259fn edirdil\u0259r. O d\u00f6vr az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131lar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00fcl\u0259ri s\u00fcm\u00fckl\u0259ri t\u0259mizl\u0259ndikd\u0259n sonra \u00fcfqi v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f iri k\u00fcp q\u0259birl\u0259rd\u0259 d\u0259fn etm\u0259k ad\u0259ti bar\u0259d\u0259 m\u0259lumat vard\u0131r. \u00d6l\u00fcl\u0259ri torpaqda, saxs\u0131 tabutlarda, yeralt\u0131 s\u0259rdab\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259, oyuq q\u0259birl\u0259rd\u0259 d\u0259fnetm\u0259 ad\u0259tl\u0259ri d\u0259 m\u00f6vcud olmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259razisind\u0259 n\u00fcfuz dair\u0259sini geni\u015fl\u0259ndirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn sasanil\u0259rl\u0259 bizansl\u0131lar aras\u0131nda \u015fidd\u0259tli m\u00fcbariz\u0259 getmi\u015f, n\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 gah z\u0259rd\u00fc\u015ftilik, gah da xristianl\u0131q g\u00fccl\u0259nmi\u015fdir. Bel\u0259 bir \u015f\u0259raitd\u0259 b\u00f6lg\u0259y\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259n islam s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259 v\u0259 nisb\u0259t\u0259n dinc yolla yay\u0131lmaq imkan\u0131 \u0259ld\u0259 etmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Orta \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259n etibar\u0259n z\u0259rd\u00fc\u015ftilik Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n m\u0259d\u0259ni-siyasi h\u0259yat t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259rin\u0259 cavab ver\u0259 bilm\u0259mi\u015f v\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tini b\u00fcsb\u00fct\u00fcn itirmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Y\u0259hudilik<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Y\u0259hudilik Az\u0259rbaycanda tarix\u0259n da\u011f y\u0259hudil\u0259ri il\u0259 t\u0259msil olunmu\u015fdur. Movses Kalankatvasi da\u011f y\u0259hudil\u0259rinin Qafqaza g\u0259li\u015fini e.\u0259. I \u0259sr\u0259 aid edir. T\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n bu bar\u0259d\u0259 fikirl\u0259ri f\u0259rqlidir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Bir fikr\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, \u0259n q\u0259dim y\u0259hudi icmalar\u0131ndan olan da\u011f y\u0259hudil\u0259ri m\u0259n\u015f\u0259c\u0259 bir vaxtlar Assuriya v\u0259 Babil \u015fahlar\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n F\u0259l\u0259stind\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 Midiyada m\u0259skunla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u0130srail o\u011fullar\u0131 n\u0259slind\u0259ndirl\u0259r. Onlar\u0131n \u0259cdadlar\u0131 y\u0259hudiliy\u0259 ilk iman g\u0259tirmi\u015f insanlar olmu\u015f, F\u0259l\u0259stind\u0259n k\u0259narda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f v\u0259 xristianl\u0131q y\u0259hudiliyin i\u00e7ind\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xan bid\u0259t\u00e7i bir firq\u0259 kimi t\u0259\u015f\u0259kk\u00fcl tapma\u011fa ba\u015flayanda \u0130sa M\u0259sihi t\u0259qib ed\u0259nl\u0259r aras\u0131nda olmam\u0131\u015flar. El\u0259 Midiyada ik\u0259n onlar tatlarla qaynay\u0131b qar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flar. Bunun t\u0259siri alt\u0131nda da\u011f y\u0259hudil\u0259ri fars dilinin q\u0259dim arami v\u0259 y\u0259hudi s\u00f6zl\u0259ri il\u0259 qar\u0131\u015f\u0131q bir l\u0259hc\u0259si olan tat dilind\u0259 dan\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ba\u015fqa t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n fikrinc\u0259, da\u011f y\u0259hudil\u0259ri \u015e\u0259rqi Qafqaza Sasani h\u00f6kmdar\u0131 Xosrov I \u018fnu\u015fir\u0259van (531-579) t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015fl\u0259r. H\u00f6kmdar Qafqazda qalalar tikdirir, \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259r sald\u0131r\u0131r, bu \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259 Mesopatamiyadan k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcrtd\u00fcy\u00fc farslar\u0131 v\u0259 y\u0259hudil\u0259ri yerl\u0259\u015fdirirdi. Da\u011f y\u0259hudil\u0259rinin dan\u0131\u015fd\u0131qlar\u0131 tat dili d\u0259 h\u0259min d\u00f6vrd\u0259n miras qalm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u0259r halda dey\u0259 bil\u0259rik ki, da\u011f y\u0259hudil\u0259ri Az\u0259rbaycana sasanil\u0259rin siyas\u0259ti il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 olaraq 15 \u0259sr bundan qabaq g\u0259lmi\u015f, imperiyan\u0131n t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyini t\u0259min etm\u0259k m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 s\u0259rh\u0259d m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f, yerli \u0259hali il\u0259 s\u0131x t\u0259masda olsalar da, dinl\u0259rini, ad\u0259t-\u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rini, h\u0259yat v\u0259 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259 t\u0259rzl\u0259rini qoruyub saxlam\u0131\u015flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Xristianl\u0131q<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Xristianl\u0131q Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259razisin\u0259 yeni eran\u0131n ilk \u0259srl\u0259rind\u0259, h\u0259l\u0259 \u0130sa M\u0259sihin h\u0259varil\u0259ri d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 Qafqaz Albaniyas\u0131 vasit\u0259sil\u0259 n\u00fcfuz etmi\u015fdir. 70-ci ild\u0259 Yerus\u0259limin (Q\u00fcds\u00fcn) s\u00fcqutundan sonra y\u0259hudil\u0259rin Qafqaza k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259si g\u00fccl\u0259nir. G\u0259l\u0259nl\u0259r \u0130san\u0131n g\u00f6st\u0259rdiyi m\u00f6c\u00fcz\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n dan\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar. Bu c\u00fcr t\u0259bli\u011fin t\u0259siri alt\u0131nda b\u00f6lg\u0259d\u0259 ilk xristian icmalar\u0131 yaran\u0131r. Albaniyada xristianl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131nda bu d\u00f6vr h\u0259vari (sirofil) d\u00f6vr\u00fc adlan\u0131r v\u0259 h\u0259varil\u0259rd\u0259n Varfolomey v\u0259 Faddeyin adlar\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. H\u0259vari Faddeyin \u015fagirdl\u0259rind\u0259n olan Yelisey Yerus\u0259limin birinci patriarx\u0131 Y\u0259qubun xeyir-duas\u0131 il\u0259 yeni dini t\u0259bli\u011f ed\u0259-ed\u0259 Aqvan diyar\u0131na g\u0259lib \u00e7\u0131xm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 Ki\u015f adl\u0131 yerd\u0259 kils\u0259 tikmi\u015fdir. Bu kils\u0259 Erm\u0259nistandak\u0131 birinci xristian kils\u0259sind\u0259n qabaq tikilmi\u015fdir. Sonra Yelisey \u00c7olaya (D\u0259rb\u0259nd\u0259) yollanm\u0131\u015f, daha sonra is\u0259 Samur \u00e7ay\u0131n\u0131 ke\u00e7ib dinin t\u0259bli\u011fini davam etdirmi\u015f, Helmes k\u0259ndind\u0259 b\u00fctp\u0259r\u0259stl\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u0259r\u0259k bir \u00e7alaya at\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Sonralar Alban m\u0259liki Va\u00e7aqan\u0131n g\u00f6st\u0259ri\u015fi il\u0259 Yeliseyin c\u0259s\u0259dinin qal\u0131qlar\u0131 Xruq k\u0259ndind\u0259 torpa\u011fa tap\u015f\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, \u00e7alan\u0131n \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 is\u0259 ki\u00e7ik bir m\u0259b\u0259d tikilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 313-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Roma imperatoru Konstantin xristianl\u0131\u011fa etiqad \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259n qada\u011fan\u0131 g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u0259nd\u0259 Alban h\u00f6kmdar\u0131 Urnayr xristianl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259t dini elan edir. Bu vaxtdan etibar\u0259n Az\u0259rbaycanda xristianl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n qrekofil d\u00f6vr\u00fc adlanan yeni d\u00f6vr\u00fc ba\u015flan\u0131r. Akademik Z.B\u00fcnyadov g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, Urnayr, II Va\u00e7e v\u0259 III Va\u00e7aqan \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 xristianl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaymaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fcbariz\u0259 aparm\u0131\u015flar. IV-V \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 ruhanilik v\u0259 kils\u0259 iyerarxiyas\u0131 t\u0259\u015f\u0259kk\u00fcl tap\u0131r. Katolikosun g\u00f6st\u0259ri\u015fi il\u0259 feodallar \u00f6z \u0259razil\u0259rind\u0259 kils\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn x\u00fcsusi yerl\u0259r ay\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131lar. B\u00f6lg\u0259d\u0259 kils\u0259l\u0259r tikilir, dini kitablar siryani, arami v\u0259 yunan dill\u0259rind\u0259n Alban dilin\u0259 t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259 edilirdi. Sinayda a\u015fkar edilmi\u015f «Alban yaz\u0131s\u0131nda v\u0259 Alban dilind\u0259» leksionari d\u00fcnyada xristianl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u0259n q\u0259dim k\u00fctl\u0259vi qira\u0259t kitablar\u0131ndan say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 451-ci ild\u0259 Xalkidon kils\u0259 toplant\u0131s\u0131nda Albaniya monofizitliy\u0259 \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck verir. V-VI \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259 \u0259razisind\u0259 monofizitl\u0259rl\u0259 diofizitl\u0259r aras\u0131nda m\u00fcbariz\u0259 g\u00fccl\u0259nir. VI \u0259srin sonu-VII \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 Alban kils\u0259si diofizitliyi q\u0259bul edir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Alban katolikosunun iqam\u0259tgah\u0131 \u00c7oqay \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015firdi. 552-ci ild\u0259 iqam\u0259tgah B\u0259rd\u0259y\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcr. \u0130slam f\u00fctuhatlar\u0131ndan, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 Alban m\u0259likliyinin s\u00fcqutundan sonra \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 xristianl\u0131\u011f\u0131n rolu z\u0259ifl\u0259mi\u015f, kils\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 ibad\u0259t erm\u0259ni dilind\u0259 apar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, Alban dili s\u0131x\u0131\u015fd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131b \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. VIII-IX \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259razisind\u0259 m\u00fcst\u0259qil d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r yarananda Alban kils\u0259si yenid\u0259n avtokefal kils\u0259 statusunu b\u0259rpa etmi\u015fdir. X-XI \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 b\u00f6lg\u0259d\u0259 \u015f\u0259rq xristianl\u0131\u011f\u0131 n\u00fcfuzunu m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 qoruyub saxlaya bilmi\u015fdi. Bu durum XVIII \u0259sr\u0259 kimi bel\u0259c\u0259 davam etmi\u015fdir. 1836-c\u0131 ild\u0259 \u00e7ar h\u00f6kum\u0259ti Sinodun t\u0259qdimat\u0131 il\u0259 Alban kils\u0259sini l\u0259\u011fv edir, kils\u0259nin b\u00fct\u00fcn \u0259mlak\u0131 E\u00e7mi\u0259dzin katolikoslu\u011funa verilir. XX \u0259srin 80-90-c\u0131 ill\u0259rind\u0259 Alban kils\u0259si bir daha b\u0259rpa olunur. 2003-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Alban-udi xristian icmas\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259t qeydiyyat\u0131ndan ke\u00e7ir. Bu, \u015e\u0259kid\u0259ki Ki\u015f kils\u0259sinin b\u0259rpas\u0131ndan sonra olmu\u015fdur. Haz\u0131rda Q\u0259b\u0259l\u0259 rayonunun Nic k\u0259ndind\u0259ki kils\u0259nin d\u0259 b\u0259rpas\u0131 davam etdirilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Az\u0259rbaycanda xristianl\u0131q \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn pravoslavl\u0131q, katoliklik v\u0259 protestantl\u0131q qollar\u0131, habel\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif sektant icmalar\u0131 il\u0259 t\u0259msil olunmu\u015fdur. D\u00f6vl\u0259t qeydiyyat\u0131nda 5 erm\u0259ni-qriqorian icmas\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pravoslavl\u0131q. <\/strong>Provaslavl\u0131qAz\u0259rbaycana XIX \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259n etibar\u0259n rus \u00e7arizminin b\u00f6lg\u0259d\u0259 yeritdiyi «k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcrm\u0259 siyas\u0259ti» \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 n\u00fcfuz etm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bak\u0131da ilk pravoslav kils\u0259si 1815-ci ild\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t\u0259 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Rus pravoslav kils\u0259sind\u0259 ba\u015f ver\u0259n par\u00e7alanman\u0131n a\u011f\u0131r n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n s\u0131\u011fortalanmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn sektant xristianlar\u0131n Qafqaza s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc ba\u015flan\u0131r. Az\u0259rbaycanda ilk rus k\u00f6\u00e7k\u00fcnl\u0259ri 1834-c\u00fc ild\u0259 \u015eamax\u0131 q\u0259zas\u0131nda Alt\u0131a\u011fac k\u0259ndini, 1838-ci ild\u0259 L\u0259nk\u0259ran q\u0259zas\u0131nda Vel k\u0259ndini, 1842-ci ild\u0259 Yelizavetpol quberniyas\u0131nda Boris\u0131 \u2013 Ruslar, 1844-c\u00fc ild\u0259 is\u0259 Slavyanka k\u0259ndl\u0259rini sal\u0131rlar. 1868-ci ild\u0259 Bak\u0131 quberniyas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259razisind\u0259 21 sektant k\u0259ndi var idi ki, burada 13 min sektant ya\u015fay\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Katolisizm<\/strong>. Bak\u0131da ilk Roma-katolik prixodu XIX \u0259srin 50-ci ill\u0259rind\u0259 rus ordusu t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n h\u0259rb\u00e7i katolikl\u0259rin Qafqaza s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilm\u0259si il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar olaraq yarad\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Prixod Tetri-Skarodak\u0131 (G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan) Roma-katolik h\u0259rbi prixoduna tabe idi. 1882-ci ild\u0259 Bak\u0131 prixodu m\u00fcst\u0259qill\u0259\u015fir. 1895-ci ild\u0259 M\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s M\u0259ry\u0259min Bakir\u0259 Hamil\u0259liyi \u015f\u0259r\u0259fin\u0259 kils\u0259, 1903-c\u00fc ild\u0259 is\u0259 Bak\u0131 q\u0259biristanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda M\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s Xa\u00e7 kils\u0259si tikilir. 1909-1912-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 Bak\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6z\u0259l memarl\u0131q abid\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n say\u0131lan yeni M\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s M\u0259ry\u0259min Bakir\u0259 Hamil\u0259liyi kils\u0259si qotik \u00fcslubda in\u015fa edilir. Lakin Sovet d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259, 1934-c\u00fc ild\u0259 kils\u0259 bol\u015fevikl\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n da\u011f\u0131d\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. 1999-cu ild\u0259 Bak\u0131da Roma-katolik icmas\u0131 yenid\u0259n b\u0259rpa olunur v\u0259 2007-ci ild\u0259 M\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s M\u0259ry\u0259m kils\u0259sinin xatir\u0259sin\u0259 yeni kils\u0259 tikil\u0259r\u0259k istifad\u0259y\u0259 verilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 22-23 may 2002-ci ild\u0259 Roma-katolik kils\u0259sinin sabiq ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 Papa \u0130oann II Pavel Bak\u0131da r\u0259smi s\u0259f\u0259rd\u0259 olmu\u015fdur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2016-c\u0131 ilin oktyabr\u0131nda \u00f6lk\u0259mizd\u0259 s\u0259f\u0259rd\u0259 olan Roma Papas\u0131 Fransisk Bak\u0131dak\u0131 Katolik Kils\u0259sind\u0259 messa — dini m\u0259rasimd\u0259 i\u015ftirak etmi\u015f v\u0259 Prezident \u0130lham \u018fliyev t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n q\u0259bul edilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Baptizm<\/strong>. \u0130ncil\u00e7i-l\u00fcteran kils\u0259sinin ard\u0131c\u0131llar\u0131 Bak\u0131ya h\u0259l\u0259 XIX \u0259srin ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda neft yataqlar\u0131n\u0131n istismar\u0131nda i\u015ftirak ed\u0259n alman s\u0259naye\u00e7il\u0259ri s\u0131ras\u0131nda g\u0259lmi\u015fl\u0259r. Onlar\u0131n g\u0259li\u015finin bir s\u0259b\u0259bi d\u0259 XIX \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 Almaniyada ba\u015f vermi\u015f siyasi v\u0259 dini i\u011fti\u015fa\u015flar say\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. O vaxt \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 bel\u0259 bir m\u00f6vhumi \u015fayi\u0259 yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131 ki, Q\u0259rbd\u0259 qiyam\u0259t g\u00fcn\u00fc yax\u0131nla\u015f\u0131r, nicat ancaq \u015e\u0259rqd\u0259dir. \u018fhali, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 sektant dindarlar Rusiyaya v\u0259 Qafqaza k\u00f6\u00e7m\u0259kl\u0259 qiyam\u0259t g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn sor\u011fu-sual\u0131ndan yaxa qurtarma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131lar. 1819-cu ilin \u0259vv\u0259lind\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycanda 209 alman ail\u0259si vard\u0131. Bak\u0131da \u0130ncil\u00e7i-l\u00fcteran icmas\u0131 1870-ci ild\u0259 yarad\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. 1899-cu ild\u0259 icman\u0131n \u00fczvl\u0259ri \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259 \u00f6z m\u0259b\u0259dl\u0259rini \u2014 kirxan\u0131 (indiki Kamera v\u0259 orqan musiqisi zal\u0131) tikmi\u015fl\u0259r. Yelenendorfda (indiki Xanlar) kirxa daha \u0259vv\u0259l tikilmi\u015fdir. 1937-ci ild\u0259 L\u00fcteran kils\u0259sinin ke\u015fi\u015fl\u0259ri ba\u015fqa dini icmalar\u0131n n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 birlikd\u0259 s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilmi\u015f, g\u00fcll\u0259l\u0259nmi\u015fl\u0259r. 1994-c\u00fc ild\u0259 l\u00fcteran icmas\u0131 Bak\u0131da yenid\u0259n f\u0259aliyy\u0259t\u0259 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130slam<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n VII \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 \u018fr\u0259bistan yar\u0131madas\u0131nda meydana \u00e7\u0131xan islam tezlikl\u0259 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck bir hiss\u0259sin\u0259 yay\u0131la bildi. Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n islamla\u015fmas\u0131 da erk\u0259n islam f\u00fctuhatlar\u0131 il\u0259 hicr\u0259tin 18-ci ilind\u0259n (639-ci il) ba\u015flan\u0131r. Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n m\u0259rzban\u0131 \u0130sf\u0259ndiyar ibn F\u0259rruxzad \u0259r\u0259bl\u0259r\u0259 m\u0259\u011flub olub s\u00fclh m\u00fcqavil\u0259sini h\u0259min il ba\u011flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131. \u018frd\u0259bil, T\u0259briz, Nax\u00e7\u0131van, Beyl\u0259qan, B\u0259rd\u0259, \u015eirvan, Mu\u011fan, Arran f\u0259th edilir, \u0259r\u0259bl\u0259r X\u0259z\u0259r sahili boyu D\u0259rb\u0259nd\u0259 kimi g\u0259lirl\u0259r. \u015e\u0259h\u0259rin istehkamlar\u0131 onlar\u0131 heyran qoyur v\u0259 onlar \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri «Bab \u0259l-\u018fbvab» adland\u0131r\u0131rlar. Tarix\u00e7i B\u0259lazurinin m\u0259lumat\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259, art\u0131q x\u0259lif\u0259 \u018fli bin \u018fbu Talibin hakimiyy\u0259ti d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 (656-661) Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259halisinin \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti islam\u0131 q\u0259bul etmi\u015fdi. \u015eimalda bu proses bir q\u0259d\u0259r uzun \u00e7\u0259kmi\u015fdir. \u018fr\u0259bl\u0259r f\u0259th etdikl\u0259ri \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 \u0259hali \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 vergi qoyur, s\u00fclh m\u00fcqavil\u0259si ba\u011flay\u0131b y\u00fcr\u00fc\u015fl\u0259rini davam etdirir, sonra yen\u0259 geri qay\u0131d\u0131rd\u0131lar. Yerli \u0259hali vergil\u0259ri verm\u0259kd\u0259n imtina etdikl\u0259ri halda h\u00fccumlar ba\u015flan\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130slam f\u00fctuhatlar\u0131 \u00e7ox yerd\u0259 s\u00fclh yolu il\u0259 (s\u00fclh\u0259n), b\u0259zi yerl\u0259rd\u0259 is\u0259 silah g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u0259 (\u0259nv\u0259t\u0259n) h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilirdi. F\u0259th edilmi\u015f \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 b\u00fctp\u0259r\u0259st \u0259haliy\u0259 islam\u0131 q\u0259bul etm\u0259k t\u0259klif olunurdu, q\u0259bul ed\u0259nl\u0259r z\u0259kat v\u0259 x\u0259rac \u00f6d\u0259yir v\u0259 «evl\u0259rind\u0259 otururdular», y\u0259ni m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar\u0131n s\u0131ras\u0131nda d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fl\u0259rd\u0259 i\u015ftirak etmirdil\u0259r; d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fl\u0259rd\u0259 i\u015ftirak ed\u0259nl\u0259r\u0259 h\u0259rbi q\u0259nim\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259n pay d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc; islam\u0131 q\u0259bul etm\u0259y\u0259n y\u0259hudi v\u0259 xristianlar cizy\u0259 \u00f6d\u0259yirdil\u0259r, cizy\u0259 \u00f6d\u0259y\u0259nl\u0259r m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar\u0131n himay\u0259si alt\u0131nda olurdular; islam\u0131 q\u0259bul etm\u0259kd\u0259n imtina ed\u0259n b\u00fctp\u0259r\u0259stl\u0259r v\u0259 ya cizy\u0259 \u00f6d\u0259m\u0259k ist\u0259m\u0259y\u0259n kitab \u0259hli m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlarla d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fm\u0259li olurdular. S\u0259rh\u0259d m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 \u2013 ribatlarda ancaq m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar ya\u015fay\u0131rd\u0131lar. Bu m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259ri m\u00f6hk\u0259ml\u0259tm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Xilaf\u0259tin m\u00fcxt\u0259lif vilay\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n g\u0259l\u0259n m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar burada yerl\u0259\u015fdirilir, islam\u0131 q\u0259bul etm\u0259y\u0259n yerli \u0259hali bir q\u0259d\u0259r k\u0259narda «r\u0259b\u0259d» adlanan yerl\u0259r\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bu d\u00f6vrd\u0259 H\u00fczeyf\u0259 ibn \u0259l-Y\u0259man, \u00dctb\u0259 ibn F\u0259rq\u0259d, V\u0259lid ibn \u00dcqb\u0259, S\u0259lman ibn \u0259r-R\u0259bi\u0259 \u0259l-Bahili, B\u00fckeyr ibn Abdulla, S\u00fcraq\u0259 ibn \u018fmr, M\u0259sl\u0259m\u0259 kimi \u0259r\u0259b s\u0259rk\u0259rd\u0259l\u0259rinin ba\u011flad\u0131qlar\u0131 s\u00fclh m\u00fcqavil\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 \u0259halinin can\u0131, mal\u0131 v\u0259 dininin toxunulmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0259sas \u015f\u0259rt kimi g\u00f6st\u0259rilirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Az\u0259rbaycanda islamla\u015fman\u0131n konkret formalar\u0131 haqq\u0131nda fikir y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u0259k bir q\u0259d\u0259r \u00e7\u0259tindir, \u00e7\u00fcnki bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 indiy\u0259d\u0259k \u00f6yr\u0259nilm\u0259mi\u015f qal\u0131r. H\u0259r halda bu m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b prosesin b\u0259zi m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rini f\u0259rql\u0259ndirm\u0259k olar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Birinci m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259 kimi VII \u0259srin ortalar\u0131ndan VIII \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rin\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r davam ed\u0259n islam f\u00fctuhatlar\u0131 d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u0259k olar. Bu m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259 705-ci ild\u0259 Alban d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin s\u00fcqutu v\u0259 Alban kils\u0259sinin \u00f6z m\u00fcst\u0259qilliyini (avtokefall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131) itirm\u0259si il\u0259 bitir. Akademik Z.B\u00fcnyadovun g\u00f6st\u0259rdiyi kimi, bu m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259nin sonunda islam Az\u0259rbaycanda hakim din olur, onu \u00f6z imtiyazlar\u0131n\u0131 qorumaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ilk n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259 v\u0259 qeydsiz-\u015f\u0259rtsiz yuxar\u0131 silk adamlar\u0131 q\u0259bul edirl\u0259r. Yeni din tacir v\u0259 s\u0259n\u0259tkarlar aras\u0131nda yay\u0131l\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnki \u0259r\u0259bl\u0259r bu sinifl\u0259r\u0259 g\u00fcz\u0259\u015ftl\u0259r edirdil\u0259r. Bu m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259d\u0259 m\u0259scidl\u0259r tikilmir, q\u0259dim m\u0259b\u0259dl\u0259r v\u0259 islamla\u015fma n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 istifad\u0259siz qalm\u0131\u015f kils\u0259l\u0259r m\u0259scidl\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7evrilir, q\u0259bil\u0259-tayfa \u015f\u00fcurunun dini \u015f\u00fcurdan \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fcy\u00fc qorunub saxlan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130kinci m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259 VIII \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259n Q\u0259rbi \u0130randa v\u0259 \u0130raqda B\u00fcveyhil\u0259rin hakimiyy\u0259t ba\u015f\u0131na g\u0259lm\u0259sin\u0259q\u0259d\u0259rki d\u00f6vr\u00fc \u0259hat\u0259 edir. Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259razisind\u0259 m\u00fcst\u0259qil \u015eirvan\u015fah M\u0259zy\u0259dil\u0259r v\u0259 S\u0259cdil\u0259r d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri yaran\u0131r. B\u00fctp\u0259r\u0259stlik, z\u0259rd\u00fc\u015ftilik \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tini itirir, y\u0259hudilik m\u00f6vcudlu\u011funu qoruyub saxlay\u0131r, Alban kils\u0259si m\u00fcst\u0259qilliyini b\u0259rpa edir, amma n\u00fcfuz dair\u0259si z\u0259ifl\u0259diyind\u0259n ayin\u00e7ilik erm\u0259ni dilind\u0259 apar\u0131l\u0131r, ard\u0131c\u0131llar\u0131 erm\u0259nil\u0259\u015fir. Bu d\u00f6vrd\u0259 islama m\u0259nsubluq \u015f\u00fcuru g\u00fccl\u0259nir, amma etnik k\u00f6kl\u0259rl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 \u015f\u00fcur tamamil\u0259 itib getmir. Bunu Abbasil\u0259rin hakimiyy\u0259tinin ilk d\u00f6vrl\u0259rind\u0259n ba\u015flanan \u015f\u00fcubilik h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131nda izl\u0259m\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bab\u0259k h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131 (816-838) buna \u0259n parlaq misald\u0131r. S\u0259rh\u0259d m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 islam t\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcf\u00fc t\u0259\u015f\u0259kk\u00fcl tap\u0131r. Da\u011f rayonlar\u0131nda ifrat \u015fi\u0259lik f\u0259alla\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259 B\u00fcveyhil\u0259rin hakimiyy\u0259ti d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fc (935-1055) \u0259hat\u0259 edir. Bu d\u00f6vrd\u0259 m\u00f6t\u0259dil \u015fi\u0259lik Az\u0259rbaycanda yay\u0131lma\u011fa ba\u015flay\u0131r v\u0259 D\u0259rb\u0259nd\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r gedib \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r. S\u00fcnni h\u0259n\u0259fi v\u0259 \u015fi\u0259 imami m\u0259zh\u0259bl\u0259ri apar\u0131c\u0131 m\u0259zh\u0259bl\u0259r olurlar. Sufilik d\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 xeyli ard\u0131c\u0131llar tap\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6vr\u00fcn \u0259n g\u00f6z\u0259l sufi abid\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n biri \u015eirvandak\u0131 Pirsaat \u00e7ay\u0131 \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259ki xan\u0259gahd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259 S\u0259lcuqil\u0259r d\u00f6vr\u00fc (XI \u0259srin ortalar\u0131-XIII \u0259srin ortalar\u0131) il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259d\u0259 s\u00fcnnilik b\u00f6lg\u0259d\u0259 g\u00fccl\u0259nir, \u015fi\u0259liyin m\u00f6vqel\u0259ri z\u0259ifl\u0259yir. \u015eafii m\u0259zh\u0259bi apar\u0131c\u0131 m\u0259zh\u0259b olur. Sufi t\u0259riq\u0259tl\u0259ri geni\u015f yay\u0131l\u0131r. Az\u0259rbaycan Atab\u0259yl\u0259ri v\u0259 \u015eirvan\u015fahlar islam\u0131 xristianlar\u0131n t\u0259zyiqind\u0259n qoruya bilirl\u0259r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Be\u015finci m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259 monqol istilalar\u0131 d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u00fc (XIII \u0259srin I yar\u0131s\u0131-XV \u0259srin II yar\u0131s\u0131) \u0259hat\u0259 edir. Bu d\u00f6vrd\u0259 sufilik geni\u015f yay\u0131l\u0131r. H\u00fcrufilik g\u00fccl\u0259nir. Onun banisi F\u0259zlullah N\u0259imi (v\u0259fat\u0131-1394) idi. \u018fb\u00fclh\u0259s\u0259n \u018fliyy\u00fcl-\u018fla v\u0259 \u015fair N\u0259simi (v\u0259fat\u0131-1417) h\u00fcrufiliyin \u0259n n\u00fcfuzlu n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259ri kimi \u015f\u00f6hr\u0259t tapm\u0131\u015flar. Bu d\u00f6vrd\u0259 sufi x\u0259lv\u0259tiyy\u0259 t\u0259riq\u0259tinin ikinci piri Seyyid Y\u0259hya \u015eirvani Bakuvi X\u0259lv\u0259ti (v\u0259fat\u0131-1464) \u00e7ox m\u0259\u015fhur olmu\u015fdur. A\u011fqoyunlu h\u00f6kmdar\u0131 Uzun H\u0259s\u0259nin qarda\u015flar\u0131ndan biri x\u0259lv\u0259tiyy\u0259 \u015feyxi D\u0259d\u0259 \u00d6m\u0259r R\u00f6v\u015f\u0259ninin (v\u0259fat\u0131-1487) ard\u0131c\u0131llar\u0131ndan idi. \u0130brahim bin M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d G\u00fcl\u015f\u0259ni (v\u0259fat\u0131-1534) XV \u0259srin ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda x\u0259lv\u0259tiyy\u0259nin bir qolu kimi g\u00fcl\u015f\u0259niyy\u0259 t\u0259riq\u0259tinin \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131 qoyur. Sonralar bir \u00e7ox sufi t\u0259riq\u0259tl\u0259ri, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n n\u0259q\u015fb\u0259ndiyy\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycana v\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan vasit\u0259sil\u0259 \u015eimali Qafqaza n\u00fcfuz etmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Alt\u0131nc\u0131 m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259 S\u0259f\u0259vil\u0259rin (1501-1786) v\u0259 XVI \u0259srd\u0259n etibar\u0259n Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n (1281-1924) hakimiyy\u0259ti d\u00f6vr\u00fc il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. S\u0259f\u0259vil\u0259r \u015fi\u0259liyi t\u0259bli\u011f edir v\u0259 ba\u015flar\u0131na 12 \u015fi\u0259 imam\u0131n\u0131n \u015f\u0259r\u0259fin\u0259 12 q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 zolaql\u0131 \u0259mmam\u0259 ba\u011flay\u0131rd\u0131lar. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 onlar «q\u0131z\u0131lba\u015flar» adlan\u0131rd\u0131lar. \u00c7ald\u0131randa S\u0259f\u0259vil\u0259r\u0259 qalib g\u0259l\u0259n Osmanl\u0131lar Az\u0259rbaycanda s\u00fcnni h\u0259n\u0259fi m\u0259zh\u0259bini yay\u0131rd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n Rusiya imperiyas\u0131na ilhaq edilm\u0259sind\u0259n sonrak\u0131 d\u00f6vr d\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259nin islamla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n yeni m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259si kimi n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259n ke\u00e7iril\u0259 bil\u0259r. Bu m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259nin \u0259n s\u0259ciyy\u0259vi x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259ti h\u00f6kum\u0259tin m\u00fcs\u0259lman din xadiml\u0259rini \u0259l\u0259 almaq v\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259 tabe etm\u0259k m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 xristianl\u0131qdak\u0131 kils\u0259 strukturuna b\u0259nz\u0259r islam dini qurumu yaratmaq siyas\u0259ti il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Rus \u00e7ar\u0131n\u0131n 29 noyabr 1832-ci ild\u0259 Senata g\u00f6nd\u0259rdiyi m\u0259ktubda Zaqafqaziya m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar\u0131n\u0131n dini i\u015fl\u0259r idar\u0259si bar\u0259d\u0259 \u0259sasnam\u0259 haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 t\u0259klif olunurdu. Lakin haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f layih\u0259l\u0259rin he\u00e7 biri b\u0259y\u0259nilm\u0259di. 1849-cu ild\u0259 Qafqaz cani\u015fini knyaz Vorontsovun tap\u015f\u0131r\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 xarici i\u015fl\u0259r nazirliyinin \u0259m\u0259kda\u015f\u0131 N.Xan\u0131kov «M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259di ruhanil\u0259rin t\u0259\u015fkili bar\u0259d\u0259 \u0259sasnam\u0259» layih\u0259sini haz\u0131rlad\u0131. Layih\u0259 b\u00fct\u00f6vl\u00fckd\u0259 b\u0259y\u0259nils\u0259 d\u0259 Kr\u0131m m\u00fcharib\u0259si onun h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259sini l\u0259ngitdi. 1864-c\u00fc ild\u0259 h\u0259min i\u015fi davam etdirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yeni komissiya yarad\u0131ld\u0131, yerli \u015fi\u0259 v\u0259 s\u00fcnni m\u0259zh\u0259bl\u0259rinin n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259ri d\u0259 komissiyan\u0131n t\u0259rkibin\u0259 qat\u0131ld\u0131lar. Haz\u0131rlanan t\u0259limatlar m\u00fcs\u0259lman ruhanil\u0259rinin v\u0259zif\u0259l\u0259rini, h\u00fcquq v\u0259 imtiyazlar\u0131n\u0131, d\u00fcny\u0259vi hakimiyy\u0259tl\u0259 m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rini t\u0259nzim edirdi. 1867-ci il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r h\u00f6kum\u0259td\u0259n yaln\u0131z \u015feyx\u00fclislam v\u0259 m\u00fcfti maa\u015f al\u0131rd\u0131larsa, bu ild\u0259n etibar\u0259n dig\u0259r y\u00fcks\u0259k r\u00fctb\u0259li m\u00fcs\u0259lman ruhanil\u0259ri d\u0259 maa\u015f alma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131lar. «Zaqafqaziya \u015fi\u0259 v\u0259 s\u00fcnni m\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259di ruhanil\u0259r idar\u0259si haqq\u0131nda \u018fsasnam\u0259» D\u00f6vl\u0259t \u015furas\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259qdimat\u0131 il\u0259 Rusiya \u00e7ar\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n 5 aprel 1872-ci ild\u0259 t\u0259sdiq edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130dar\u0259nin t\u0259\u015fkilind\u0259 rus pravoslav kils\u0259sinin qurulu\u015f prinsipi \u0259sas g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc. C\u0259nubi Qafqazda 2 m\u00fcs\u0259lman inzibati orqan\u0131 \u2014 m\u00fcftinin ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 S\u00fcnni ruhani idar\u0259si (m\u00fcftilik) v\u0259 \u015feyx\u00fclislam\u0131n s\u0259drliyi alt\u0131nda \u015ei\u0259 ruhani idar\u0259si (\u015feyx\u00fclislaml\u0131q) yarad\u0131ld\u0131. Tiflisd\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n bu iki idar\u0259nin h\u0259r biri s\u0259drd\u0259n, idar\u0259 hey\u0259tinin \u00fc\u00e7 \u00fczv\u00fcnd\u0259n, iki k\u00f6m\u0259k\u00e7isi il\u0259 birlikd\u0259 katibd\u0259n, m\u00fct\u0259rcim, mirz\u0259 v\u0259 arxivariusdan ibar\u0259t idi. H\u0259r iki idar\u0259nin tabeliyind\u0259 Tiflis, \u0130r\u0259van, Yelizavetpol (G\u0259nc\u0259) v\u0259 Bak\u0131 quberniyalar\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259r\u0259sind\u0259 1 m\u0259clis olmaqla 4 m\u0259clis var idi. S\u00fcnni idar\u0259sind\u0259 16, \u015fi\u0259 idar\u0259sind\u0259 20 qaz\u0131 var idi. \u0130dar\u0259l\u0259r Daxili \u0130\u015fl\u0259r Nazirliyinin n\u0259zar\u0259ti alt\u0131nda idi v\u0259 birba\u015fa cani\u015fin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda m\u0259suliyy\u0259t da\u015f\u0131y\u0131rd\u0131. Quberniya s\u0259viyy\u0259li ruhanil\u0259r quberniya v\u0259 q\u0259zalardak\u0131 yerli hakimiyy\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 tabe idil\u0259r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Az\u0259rbaycan Demokratik Respublikas\u0131 (1918-1920) yaranana q\u0259d\u0259r C\u0259nubi Qafqaz m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar\u0131n\u0131n dini i\u015fl\u0259ri bu iki idar\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u0259nzim edilmi\u015fdir. 1918-ci il dekabr\u0131n 11-d\u0259 \u015feyx\u00fclislam M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d Pi\u015fnamazzad\u0259 v\u0259zif\u0259sind\u0259n istefa verir. ADR sosial t\u0259minat v\u0259 dini etiqad i\u015fl\u0259ri naziri Musa R\u0259fib\u0259yovun \u0259mri il\u0259 h\u0259min v\u0259zif\u0259y\u0259 axund A\u011fa \u018flizad\u0259 t\u0259yin edilir. Bu d\u00f6vrd\u0259 islam\u0131 rasionalla\u015fd\u0131rmaq, m\u00fcasirl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259k meyll\u0259ri g\u00fccl\u0259nir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1920-ci ild\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycanda sovet hakimiyy\u0259ti qurulduqdan sonra may\u0131n 15-d\u0259 Dini etiqad i\u015fl\u0259ri Nazirliyi v\u0259 \u015eeyx\u00fclislaml\u0131q t\u0259sisast\u0131 burax\u0131l\u0131r, m\u00fcs\u0259lman din xadiml\u0259ri t\u0259qibl\u0259r\u0259 m\u0259ruz qal\u0131r, m\u0259scidl\u0259rin \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti ba\u011flan\u0131r. 1943-c\u00fc ild\u0259 fa\u015fist Almaniyas\u0131na qar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcbariz\u0259d\u0259 dinin imkanlar\u0131ndan istifad\u0259 m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 Zaqafqaziya m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar\u0131n\u0131n dini qurumunun yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u0259qs\u0259d\u0259uy\u011fun hesab edilir. Zaqafqaziya m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar\u0131n\u0131n I qurultay\u0131 25-28 may 1944-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Bak\u0131da ke\u00e7irilir v\u0259 m\u0259rk\u0259zi Bak\u0131da olmaqla Zaqafqaziya M\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar\u0131 Ruhani \u0130dar\u0259si yarad\u0131l\u0131r. Axund A\u011fa \u018flizad\u0259 \u015feyx\u00fclislam se\u00e7ilir. O, idar\u0259nin tarixind\u0259 se\u00e7ilmi\u015f ilk \u015fex\u00fclislamd\u0131r, ona q\u0259d\u0259r \u015feyx\u00fclislamlar d\u00f6vl\u0259t t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u0259yin edilirdil\u0259r. Bundan \u0259lav\u0259, 1944-c\u00fc ild\u0259n etibar\u0259n C\u0259nubi Qafqazda m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar\u0131n dini t\u0259\u015fkilatlanmas\u0131ndak\u0131 dualizm aradan qalx\u0131r. Zaqafqaziya M\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar\u0131 Ruhani \u0130dar\u0259si vahid m\u0259rk\u0259z olur v\u0259 \u015feyx\u00fclislam t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n idar\u0259 olunur, m\u00fcfti \u0130dar\u0259 s\u0259drinin birinci m\u00fcavini say\u0131l\u0131r v\u0259 s\u00fcnnim\u0259zh\u0259b m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar\u0131n \u015f\u0259ri\u0259tl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rini t\u0259nzim edir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Haz\u0131rda bu idar\u0259 Qafqaz M\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar\u0131 \u0130dar\u0259si kimi d\u00f6vl\u0259t qeydiyyat\u0131ndan ke\u00e7\u0259r\u0259k f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rir v\u0259 islam t\u0259may\u00fcll\u00fc dig\u0259r dini icmalar\u0131n tarixi m\u0259rk\u0259zi hesab olunur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n tarixi inki\u015faf\u0131n\u0131n x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri, co\u011frafi m\u00f6vqeyi, \u0259halisinin etnik t\u0259rkibi burada m\u00fcxt\u0259lif dinl\u0259rin m\u00f6vcudlu\u011funa \u015f\u0259rait yaratm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Ayr\u0131-ayr\u0131 d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259 b\u00fctp\u0259r\u0259stlik, z\u0259rd\u00fc\u015ftl\u00fck, y\u0259hudilik, xristianl\u0131q, islam v\u0259 bir<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-96110","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-gundm"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/96110","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=96110"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/96110\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":96112,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/96110\/revisions\/96112"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=96110"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=96110"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=96110"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![\"\"\/](\"https:\/\/azerbaijan.az\/uploads\/news-files\/melumatlar\/Din\/1200px-Faravahar-Gold.svg.png\")
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