{"id":99159,"date":"2024-04-07T01:21:23","date_gmt":"2024-04-06T21:21:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=99159"},"modified":"2024-04-07T01:21:24","modified_gmt":"2024-04-06T21:21:24","slug":"omrunu-turkculuy%c9%99-h%c9%99sr-ed%c9%99n-ziyali-yusuf-akcurali","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/?p=99159","title":{"rendered":"\u00d6mr\u00fcn\u00fc t\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcy\u0259 h\u0259sr ed\u0259n ziyal\u0131 — Yusuf Ak\u00e7ural\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

XIX y\u00fczilliyin sonlar\u0131ndan etibar\u0259n s\u00fctunlar\u0131 z\u0259ifl\u0259y\u0259n Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259tind\u0259 t\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcy\u00fcn ya\u015fad\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ziyal\u0131 v\u0259 m\u00fct\u0259f\u0259kkirl\u0259r geni\u015f m\u00fcbariz\u0259 apar\u0131rd\u0131lar. Bu prosesd\u0259 f\u0259al i\u015ftirak ed\u0259nl\u0259rd\u0259n biri d\u0259 tatar t\u00fcrk\u00fc, g\u00f6rk\u0259mli publisist v\u0259 na\u015fir Yusuf Ak\u00e7ural\u0131 idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yusuf H\u0259s\u0259n b\u0259y o\u011flu Ak\u00e7ural\u0131 1876-c\u0131 ild\u0259 Rusiyan\u0131n Simbirsk \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 d\u00fcnyaya g\u00f6z a\u00e7\u0131r. \u0130ki ya\u015f\u0131nda atas\u0131 v\u0259fat edir. Bu itkind\u0259n sonra anas\u0131 Bibi Q\u0259m\u0259r Banu da a\u011f\u0131r x\u0259st\u0259l\u0259nir. Onun m\u00fcalic\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ail\u0259 1883-c\u00fc ild\u0259 \u0130stanbula k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr. Bir m\u00fcdd\u0259t sonra Bibi Q\u0259m\u0259r Banu da\u011f\u0131stanl\u0131 Osman b\u0259yl\u0259 ail\u0259 qurur. Osman b\u0259y Yusufa do\u011fma \u00f6vlad\u0131 kimi bax\u0131r, t\u0259lim-t\u0259rbiy\u0259si il\u0259 yax\u0131ndan m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yusuf 1892-ci ild\u0259 orta t\u0259hsilini ba\u015fa vurur, 1896-c\u0131 il\u0259d\u0259k \u0130stanbul H\u0259rbiyy\u0259 M\u0259kt\u0259bind\u0259 oxuyur. Burada t\u0259hsil ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fcdd\u0259td\u0259 yeni-yeni formala\u015fan t\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fck h\u0259r\u0259katlar\u0131 il\u0259 maraqlan\u0131r, d\u00f6vr\u00fcn ideoloqlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rini oxuyur. Onun \u0259n \u00e7ox t\u0259sirl\u0259ndiyi is\u0259 tez-tez evl\u0259rind\u0259 qonaq oldu\u011fu, \u0259misi q\u0131z\u0131 Z\u00f6hr\u0259nin h\u0259yat yolda\u015f\u0131, T\u00fcrk d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259\u015fhur \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n \u0130smay\u0131l b\u0259y Qaspral\u0131 olur. <\/a>O, h\u0259m\u00e7inin V\u0259l\u0259d \u00c7\u0259l\u0259bi, N\u0259cib Asim, Bursal\u0131 M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d Tahir kimi t\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259rin irsini d\u0259 m\u0259nims\u0259yir, bu arada Osmanl\u0131 tarixini v\u0259 frans\u0131z dilini m\u00fck\u0259mm\u0259l \u00f6yr\u0259nir. Q\u0131sa m\u00fcdd\u0259t \u0259rzind\u0259 \u201cG\u0259nc T\u00fcrkl\u0259r\u201d h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131n\u0131n f\u0259al \u00fczv\u00fc kimi diqq\u0259t \u00e7\u0259kir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Siyasi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 h\u0259bs edil\u0259n Y.Ak\u00e7ural\u0131 Sultan \u018fbd\u00fclh\u0259midin \u0259mri il\u0259 1897-ci ild\u0259 Trablis \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin\u0259 s\u00fcrg\u00fcn olunur. \u201c\u0130ttihad v\u0259 T\u0259r\u0259qqi\u201d partiyas\u0131n\u0131n sultanla apard\u0131\u011f\u0131 dan\u0131\u015f\u0131qlardan sonra ona b\u0259ra\u0259t verilir. Yusuf dostu \u018fhm\u0259d F\u0259ridl\u0259 birlikd\u0259 Paris\u0259 m\u00fchacir\u0259t edir. 1899-1903-c\u00fc ill\u0259rd\u0259 Fransan\u0131n Siyasi Elml\u0259r Akademiyas\u0131nda oxuyur. Bu m\u0259\u015fhur elm oca\u011f\u0131nda tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f Avropa aliml\u0259rind\u0259n d\u0259rs al\u0131r. Eyni zamanda Fransada b\u00f6y\u00fck g\u00fcc\u0259 malik olan \u201cG\u0259nc T\u00fcrkl\u0259r\u201d h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczvl\u0259ri il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259rini m\u00f6hk\u0259ml\u0259dir. T\u0259hsilini ba\u015fa vurduqdan sonra 1904-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Rusiyaya qay\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Y.Ak\u00e7ural\u0131n\u0131n ilk m\u0259tbu yaz\u0131s\u0131 1897-ci ild\u0259 q\u0259l\u0259m\u0259 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u0130stanbulun \u201cM\u0259lumat\u201d d\u0259rgisind\u0259 d\u0259rc olunan \u201c\u015e\u0259hab\u0259ddin M\u0259rcani\u201d adl\u0131 bioqrafiya xarakterli m\u0259qal\u0259sidir. Bu m\u0259qal\u0259 Rusiya v\u0259 Osmanl\u0131 t\u00fcrkl\u0259rinin bir-biril\u0259rini tan\u0131mas\u0131na h\u0259sr olunub. \u0130stanbulda oxuyark\u0259n t\u0259til vaxtlar\u0131n\u0131 Kazanda v\u0259 Simbirskd\u0259 ke\u00e7ir\u0259n Y.Ak\u00e7ural\u0131 Rusiya t\u00fcrkl\u0259rinin h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131 maraqla \u00f6yr\u0259nmi\u015f, d\u00f6vr\u00fcn tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ziyal\u0131lar\u0131ndan Q\u0259yyum Nasir, \u015e\u0259hab\u0259ddin H\u0259zr\u0259t v\u0259 \u0130.Qaspral\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259l\u0259rini m\u0259nims\u0259mi\u015fdi. Parisd\u0259 ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 vaxtlarda is\u0259 milliyy\u0259t\u00e7i ayd\u0131nlarla tan\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 onun fikirl\u0259rini daha da q\u0259til\u0259\u015fdirmi\u015fdi. O, s\u00fcquta do\u011fru ged\u0259n Osmanl\u0131dan xilas olman\u0131n ancaq milliyy\u0259t\u00e7ilikl\u0259 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn ola bil\u0259c\u0259yini d\u0259rk edirdi. 
<\/ins><\/ins>
M\u00fc\u0259llifin t\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fckl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u0259rini \u0259ks etdir\u0259n, par\u00e7alanmaqda olan Osmanl\u0131n\u0131 ayaqda saxlamaq yollar\u0131ndan b\u0259hs ed\u0259n \u201c\u00dc\u00e7 t\u0259rzi-siyas\u0259t\u201d adl\u0131 ilk yaz\u0131s\u0131 1904-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Qahir\u0259d\u0259 n\u0259\u015fr olunan t\u00fcrk q\u0259zetind\u0259 i\u015f\u0131q \u00fcz\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcr. M\u0259qal\u0259 m\u00fcbahis\u0259y\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olur, bir ne\u00e7\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259llif h\u0259min q\u0259zetd\u0259 ona cavab yaz\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 Y.Ak\u00e7ural\u0131n\u0131n bir ne\u00e7\u0259 \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 Mirz\u0259 F\u0259t\u0259li Axundzad\u0259nin f\u0259aliyy\u0259tin\u0259 toxundu\u011fu bildirilir. O, M.F.Axundzad\u0259ni t\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fck h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131na daxil olan bir m\u00fct\u0259f\u0259kkir kimi q\u0259bul edib. \u00c7\u00fcnki g\u00f6rk\u0259mli dramaturq Az\u0259rbaycanda v\u0259 Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259tind\u0259 istifad\u0259 olunan \u0259r\u0259b qrafikal\u0131 \u0259lifban\u0131n \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259rini g\u00fcnd\u0259m\u0259 g\u0259tirmi\u015fdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Y.Ak\u00e7ural\u0131 \u201cKazan m\u00fcxbiri\u201d q\u0259zetind\u0259 i\u015f\u0259 d\u00fcz\u0259lir v\u0259 bir m\u00fcdd\u0259td\u0259n sonra n\u0259\u015frin redaktoru olur. O, eyni zamanda siyasi f\u0259aliyy\u0259tini d\u0259 geni\u015fl\u0259ndirir. Rusiya M\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar\u0131 \u0130ttifaq\u0131n\u0131 yarad\u0131r, t\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcy\u0259 aid maraql\u0131 m\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f edir. Siyasi prosesl\u0259rd\u0259 daha yax\u0131ndan i\u015ftirak etm\u0259k m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 Rusiya D\u00f6vl\u0259t Dumas\u0131na se\u00e7ilm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn b\u00f6y\u00fck s\u0259yl\u0259r g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Bu prosesin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 almaq m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 1906-c\u0131 ild\u0259 h\u0259bs edilir. Azad olunduqdan sonra, 1908-ci ild\u0259 \u0130stanbula gedir. T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc d\u0259rn\u0259kl\u0259rin qurulmas\u0131nda yax\u0131ndan i\u015ftirak edir v\u0259 \u201cT\u00fcrk yurdu\u201d d\u0259rgisini yarad\u0131r. O, T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti elan edil\u0259n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r bir s\u0131ra v\u0259zif\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259t d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 is\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 B\u00f6y\u00fck Mill\u0259t M\u0259clisin\u0259 \u00fczv se\u00e7ilir. H\u0259m\u00e7inin 1932-ci ild\u0259n T\u00fcrk Tarix Qurumuna r\u0259hb\u0259rlik edir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yusuf Ak\u00e7ural\u0131 1935-ci ild\u0259 \u0130stanbulda v\u0259fat edib, \u018fdirn\u0259qap\u0131 m\u0259zarl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda d\u0259fn olunub.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Savalan F\u0259r\u0259cov<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

XIX y\u00fczilliyin sonlar\u0131ndan etibar\u0259n s\u00fctunlar\u0131 z\u0259ifl\u0259y\u0259n Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259tind\u0259 t\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcy\u00fcn ya\u015fad\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ziyal\u0131 v\u0259 m\u00fct\u0259f\u0259kkirl\u0259r geni\u015f m\u00fcbariz\u0259 apar\u0131rd\u0131lar. Bu prosesd\u0259 f\u0259al i\u015ftirak ed\u0259nl\u0259rd\u0259n biri d\u0259<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":99160,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-99159","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gundm"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/99159","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=99159"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/99159\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":99161,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/99159\/revisions\/99161"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/99160"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=99159"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=99159"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fedai.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=99159"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}